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RANKING · 2024 ACS · 425 SHOWN OF 925

Lowest labor force participation, US metro areas

US metro areas with the smallest share of adults 16+ in the civilian labor force (2023 ACS).

Flip the list · Highest labor force participation, US metro areas
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SAME RANKING BYCitiesCountiesStatesZIP codes
RELATEDLowest unemploymentHighest unemploymentHighest labor force participationMost white-collar workforceMost self-employed workers
YEAR20202024
RANKPLACESTATEPOPLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATIONVS 2000
501Fresno, CACA1,203,38361.0%
502Spokane, WAWA608,01261.0%
503Champaign, ILIL239,97961.0%
504Bucyrus, OHOH41,89661.0%
505Yuba City, CACA187,47861.0%
506Staunton, VAVA129,69261.0%
507Wooster, OHOH116,75861.0%
508New Philadelphia, OHOH92,37361.1%
509Corvallis, OROR97,72861.1%
510Kingsville, TXTX30,31561.1%
511Duluth, MNMN281,21961.1%
512Jamestown, NDND21,41461.1%
513Visalia, CACA485,14661.1%
514Hutchinson, KSKS61,53961.1%
515Clinton, IAIA46,00261.1%
516Springfield, ILIL206,03361.1%
517Angola, ININ34,79961.1%
518Decatur, ININ36,65061.2%
519Riverton, WYWY39,46461.2%
520Birmingham, ALAL1,197,76661.2%
521Goldsboro, NCNC122,27861.2%
522Canton, OHOH400,24661.3%
523Lake of the Woods, VAVA40,08361.3%
524Ada, OKOK38,52861.3%
525Calhoun, GAGA61,70161.3%
526Jefferson City, MOMO152,71261.3%
527Tampa, FLFL3,418,89561.3%
528Monticello, ININ25,16461.4%
529Sulphur Springs, TXTX39,06361.4%
530Vincennes, ININ35,65261.4%
531Syracuse, NYNY652,27361.4%
532Albert Lea, MNMN30,44061.4%
533Hobbs, NMNM74,74961.4%
534Owensboro, KYKY113,96261.4%
535Amsterdam, NYNY50,04661.4%
536Ellensburg, WAWA48,80361.4%
537Amherst, MAMA164,06561.5%
538Sturgis, MIMI60,96861.5%
539Lacey, WAWA304,26161.5%
540Spartanburg, SCSC407,65661.5%
541Waco, TXTX308,80761.5%
542Tiffin, OHOH54,52261.5%
543Nacogdoches, TXTX66,03561.5%
544Panama City, FLFL231,17461.6%
545Salem, OROR445,81461.6%
546Abilene, TXTX185,42961.6%
547Norwalk, OHOH58,25061.6%
548Rochelle, ILIL51,39961.6%
549Ottawa, ILIL145,90261.6%
550Kankakee, ILIL105,52561.6%
551Riverside, CACA4,769,00761.7%
552Washington, ININ34,20961.7%
553Cody, WYWY31,17161.7%
554Frankfort, KYKY77,87461.7%
555Holland, MIMI123,18861.8%
556Bloomington, ININ165,23161.8%
557Tyler, TXTX252,54961.8%
558Sterling, ILIL54,12161.9%
559Modesto, CACA557,71961.9%
560Ottumwa, IAIA35,21061.9%
561Manitowoc, WIWI81,71061.9%
562College Station, TXTX287,47661.9%
563Brattleboro, VTVT45,20461.9%
564Jonesboro, ARAR139,44061.9%
565Wisconsin Rapids, WIWI74,06061.9%
566Yankton, SDSD23,63561.9%
567Lafayette, LALA423,75861.9%
568Vallejo, CACA455,37662.0%
569Stockton, CACA823,81562.0%
570Dover, DEDE194,78662.0%
571New Orleans, LALA970,84962.0%
572Charlottesville, VAVA228,59762.0%
573Atlantic City, NJNJ372,04762.0%
574Topeka, KSKS233,05262.0%
575Lewisburg, TNTN38,07162.0%
576Bremerton, WAWA283,37462.0%
577Moscow, IDID41,84262.0%
578Chattanooga, TNTN594,53062.1%
579Baton Rouge, LALA888,69962.1%
580Chambersburg, PAPA160,65262.1%
581Carlsbad, NMNM62,50962.1%
582Rice Lake, WIWI46,48462.1%
583Rochester, NYNY1,056,14962.1%
584Sedalia, MOMO44,25462.1%
585Peoria, ILIL363,50562.1%
586Rockford, ILIL337,24262.1%
587Bend, OROR266,37662.1%
588Buffalo, NYNY1,155,65362.2%
589Little Rock, ARAR777,60762.2%
590Wilmington, OHOH42,30162.2%
591Elizabethtown, KYKY128,66662.2%
592Joplin, MOMO208,79662.2%
593Yakima, WAWA259,18562.2%
594Tallahassee, FLFL397,44262.3%
595Fort Dodge, IAIA36,83862.3%
596Athens, GAGA224,14862.3%
597Batavia, NYNY58,41662.3%
598Hagerstown, MDMD315,28062.3%
599Macomb, ILIL25,91662.3%
600Moses Lake, WAWA105,72762.3%
601Mount Pleasant, MIMI64,69162.4%
602Kalispell, MTMT115,42962.4%
603Hattiesburg, MSMS158,01462.4%
604Pullman, WAWA48,51262.4%
605Greenfield, MAMA70,69862.4%
606Sevierville, TNTN101,34262.4%
607Greenville, SCSC1,014,10162.4%
608Flagstaff, AZAZ144,36862.4%
609Cortland, NYNY45,85062.4%
610Detroit, MIMI4,390,91362.5%
611Salisbury, MDMD131,87262.5%
612Keene, NHNH78,26962.5%
613Sherman, TXTX153,61362.5%
614Pittsburgh, PAPA2,421,99262.5%
615Bemidji, MNMN47,05562.5%
616Lafayette, ININ228,46862.5%
617Santa Maria, CACA442,06562.5%
618El Paso, TXTX881,29162.5%
619Sacramento, CACA2,477,27462.6%
620Key West, FLFL80,40662.6%
621Greensboro, NCNC805,94562.6%
622South Bend, ININ324,53862.6%
623Atchison, KSKS16,17262.6%
624Wichita Falls, TXTX149,44862.6%
625Springfield, MOMO500,69462.6%
626Laconia, NHNH65,14762.7%
627Santa Cruz, CACA258,85262.8%
628Sheridan, WYWY33,24162.8%
629Winchester, VAVA152,33262.8%
630Greenville, NCNC182,93662.8%
631Great Falls, MTMT85,02962.9%
632Slidell, LALA279,10862.9%
633Fairmont, MNMN19,44062.9%
634Kendallville, ININ47,93762.9%
635Plymouth, ININ46,59962.9%
636Dalton, GAGA147,81962.9%
637Kennewick, WAWA324,33462.9%
638Great Bend, KSKS24,79062.9%
639Kiryas Joel, NYNY718,37763.0%
640Harrisonburg, VAVA140,15563.0%
641Alexandria, MNMN40,12063.0%
642Ann Arbor, MIMI370,21463.0%
643Laredo, TXTX281,22463.1%
644Huntington, ININ37,22463.1%
645Bellingham, WAWA236,39263.1%
646Lebanon, PAPA146,38063.1%
647Winnemucca, NVNV17,26763.1%
648Pocatello, IDID91,59163.1%
649Worthington, MNMN22,33863.1%
650Guymon, OKOK20,32263.2%
651Blackfoot, IDID51,15363.2%
652Urbana, OHOH38,82063.2%
653Killeen, TXTX511,49763.2%
654Burlington, NCNC186,17763.3%
655Napa, CACA132,94963.3%
656Woodward, OKOK19,82763.3%
657Warner Robins, GAGA208,09163.3%
658Crestview, FLFL315,09863.3%
659Defiance, OHOH38,29263.3%
660Amarillo, TXTX276,23563.3%
661Beatrice, NENE21,71163.3%
662Davenport, IAIA380,45263.3%
663Sparta, WIWI46,57263.3%
664Bowling Green, KYKY197,18063.4%
665Platteville, WIWI52,44663.4%
666Helena, MTMT97,15363.4%
667Clovis, NMNM65,27063.4%
668Dayton, OHOH826,55463.4%
669Cape Girardeau, MOMO99,21563.4%
670Stephenville, TXTX43,91163.5%
671Gainesville, TXTX44,46163.5%
672Evansville, ININ273,78663.5%
673Cleveland, OHOH2,165,77563.5%
674Tulsa, OKOK1,069,27363.6%
675Mountain Home, IDID29,46563.6%
676Gainesville, GAGA226,56863.6%
677Toledo, OHOH599,37663.6%
678Shelbyville, TNTN55,27363.6%
679Seymour, ININ47,37063.6%
680Albany, NYNY915,83563.6%
681Austin, MNMN40,97163.6%
682Lewiston, MEME116,48763.7%
683Columbia, SCSC879,91863.7%
684Gettysburg, PAPA107,59463.7%
685Spearfish, SDSD29,45963.7%
686Huntsville, ALAL556,44463.8%
687Kahului, HIHI160,67463.8%
688Miami, FLFL6,391,07263.8%
689Jacksonville, FLFL1,785,50063.8%
690Beaver Dam, WIWI89,09763.8%
691Las Vegas, NVNV2,407,22663.9%
692San Angelo, TXTX122,06563.9%
693Durango, COCO56,89863.9%
694Mason City, IAIA49,71063.9%
695Crawfordsville, ININ38,95463.9%
696Kill Devil Hills, NCNC38,24564.0%
697Fayetteville, NCNC395,41264.0%
698Scottsbluff, NENE36,27264.0%
699Harrisburg, PAPA617,42764.0%
700Van Wert, OHOH29,01364.0%
701Phoenix, AZAZ5,228,93864.0%
702Lansing, MIMI479,72264.0%
703Norwich, CTCT284,01564.0%
704Santa Rosa, CACA486,44464.0%
705Findlay, OHOH75,03464.1%
706Memphis, TNTN1,341,41264.2%
707Cedar City, UTUT67,14164.2%
708Allentown, PAPA887,61564.2%
709Burley, IDID49,30864.2%
710Kapaa, HIHI73,40064.3%
711Quincy, ILIL74,14664.3%
712Fond du Lac, WIWI104,66964.3%
713Oxnard, CACA830,85164.3%
714Reading, PAPA440,07264.3%
715Faribault, MNMN69,93964.3%
716Evanston, WYWY23,41564.3%
717Racine, WIWI198,91964.4%
718Fort Morgan, COCO30,30664.4%
719Akron, OHOH701,78064.4%
720Spirit Lake, IAIA18,07764.5%
721Concord, NHNH158,07864.5%
722Durham, NCNC625,48564.5%
723Red Wing, MNMN48,19564.5%
724Watertown, NYNY111,54064.6%
725North Platte, NENE33,97264.7%
726Twin Falls, IDID123,90164.7%
727Torrington, CTCT114,69064.7%
728Warsaw, ININ80,89264.7%
729Louisville, KYKY1,402,50964.8%
730Reno, NVNV578,73464.8%
731Enid, OKOK61,77964.8%
732Rapid City, SDSD156,93464.8%
733Sheboygan, WIWI118,04764.8%
734Bloomington, ILIL171,41964.8%
735New York, NYNY20,112,44864.8%
736Oklahoma City, OKOK1,512,81364.9%
737Clarksville, TNTN349,00164.9%
738Hinesville, GAGA91,87064.9%
739San Antonio, TXTX2,813,14065.0%
740Muscatine, IAIA41,85365.0%
741Boise City, IDID864,24365.0%
742Los Angeles, CACA12,844,44165.0%
743Oskaloosa, IAIA21,88065.0%
744Elkhart, ININ208,77465.1%
745New Haven, CTCT578,74165.1%
746Waterbury, CTCT463,34965.1%
747Providence, RIRI1,708,16165.1%
748Pittsburg, KSKS39,00865.1%
749La Crosse, WIWI171,18265.1%
750Idaho Falls, IDID173,85165.1%
751Lubbock, TXTX368,43165.1%
752St. Louis, MOMO2,814,42165.1%
753Frankfort, ININ33,32265.1%
754Honolulu, HIHI988,70365.2%
755Orlando, FLFL2,957,67265.2%
756Savannah, GAGA438,31465.2%
757Wichita, KSKS663,80965.2%
758Janesville, WIWI166,47265.2%
759Altus, OKOK24,76465.3%
760Barre, VTVT59,65265.3%
761Trenton, NJNJ399,28965.3%
762Brigham City, UTUT70,40565.3%
763Columbia, MOMO219,06265.3%
764Pierre, SDSD20,58865.4%
765Wahpeton, NDND23,01965.4%
766Dumas, TXTX21,89165.4%
767Cincinnati, OHOH2,312,85865.4%
768Sidney, OHOH48,06565.5%
769Pella, IAIA34,19265.5%
770Billings, MTMT193,60365.5%
771Jefferson, GAGA99,26565.6%
772Effingham, ILIL44,72765.6%
773New Ulm, MNMN25,51765.6%
774Lancaster, PAPA563,15965.7%
775Kalamazoo, MIMI263,79565.7%
776Weatherford, OKOK39,05965.7%
777Greensburg, ININ26,57665.7%
778Philadelphia, PAPA6,329,11865.7%
779York, PAPA473,19765.7%
780Fayetteville, ARAR622,17765.8%
781Hereford, TXTX18,62665.8%
782Whitewater, WIWI106,12765.8%
783Willmar, MNMN44,72065.8%
784Charleston, SCSC889,26365.8%
785Hartford, CTCT1,171,42665.8%
786Spencer, IAIA16,20265.8%
787Milwaukee, WIWI1,575,01065.8%
788Oshkosh, WIWI174,21865.8%
789Putnam, CTCT98,09665.8%
790Owatonna, MNMN37,46466.1%
791Ottawa, KSKS26,29966.1%
792Columbus, ININ85,72966.2%
793Virginia Beach, VAVA1,797,21366.2%
794Port Lavaca, TXTX19,59966.2%
795Andrews, TXTX18,91466.2%
796Carroll, IAIA20,30366.2%
797San Diego, CACA3,282,24866.2%
798Fort Wayne, ININ466,25866.2%
799Warrensburg, MOMO56,67066.3%
800Wapakoneta, OHOH45,90966.3%
801Portland, MEME577,63566.3%
802Stevens Point, WIWI71,94366.3%
803Ketchikan, AKAK13,54966.3%
804McPherson, KSKS30,06466.4%
805Auburn, ININ44,53566.4%
806Fremont, NENE38,05766.4%
807Houston, TXTX7,904,62766.4%
808Lexington, KYKY535,17466.4%
809Elko, NVNV56,68266.4%
810Rexburg, IDID69,38066.4%
811Worcester, MAMA888,50266.5%
812Casper, WYWY80,52666.5%
813Portland, OROR2,542,28266.5%
814Grand Rapids, MIMI1,183,64566.5%
815Waterloo, IAIA169,18966.5%
816Richmond, VAVA1,389,33866.5%
817Cheyenne, WYWY102,93866.6%
818San Francisco, CACA4,630,04166.6%
819Jasper, ININ44,01666.7%
820Ames, IAIA128,09066.7%
821Salina, KSKS59,12166.7%
822Rock Springs, WYWY41,26766.7%
823Chicago, ILIL9,434,12366.7%
824Marshalltown, IAIA39,89066.7%
825Baraboo, WIWI66,65266.8%
826Baltimore, MDMD2,857,78166.8%
827Eau Claire, WIWI176,64766.8%
828Dubuque, IAIA99,38166.8%
829Green Bay, WIWI336,75666.8%
830Fort Collins, COCO377,29266.9%
831Kenosha, WIWI168,44866.9%
832Wausau, WIWI139,43266.9%
833Boulder, COCO328,56066.9%
834Cedar Rapids, IAIA279,28566.9%
835Celina, OHOH42,73767.0%
836Norfolk, NENE49,22867.0%
837Anchorage, AKAK405,82167.1%
838Bismarck, NDND139,75067.1%
839Juneau city and, AKAK31,60967.2%
840Odessa, TXTX173,80167.2%
841Hastings, NENE40,57767.3%
842Vineyard Haven, MAMA21,21967.3%
843Menomonie, WIWI46,22367.3%
844San Jose, CACA1,984,47367.3%
845Aberdeen, SDSD41,58367.4%
846Hutchinson, MNMN36,63167.4%
847Marshall, MNMN25,68467.5%
848Vermillion, SDSD15,03167.5%
849Atlanta, GAGA6,482,18267.5%
850Columbus, OHOH2,242,02867.5%
851Huron, SDSD19,62467.6%
852Charlotte, NCNC2,938,83067.6%
853Lexington Park, MDMD211,17667.7%
854Bridgeport, CTCT978,17967.7%
855Grand Island, NENE78,07667.8%
856Los Alamos, NMNM19,40767.8%
857Indianapolis, ININ2,205,69567.9%
858Hood River, OROR23,72068.0%
859Sioux City, IAIA145,73868.0%
860Kansas City, MOMO2,270,68268.0%
861Emporia, KSKS34,83868.2%
862Watertown, SDSD29,56268.2%
863Colorado Springs, COCO781,79668.3%
864Watertown, WIWI86,50568.3%
865Liberal, KSKS21,07368.4%
866Winona, MNMN50,52368.4%
867Fairbanks, AKAK93,97268.5%
868Seattle, WAWA4,161,88368.5%
869Steamboat Springs, COCO38,45168.6%
870Mitchell, SDSD25,91368.6%
871Dickinson, NDND39,14268.6%
872Burlington, VTVT227,80368.8%
873Raleigh, NCNC1,595,72068.8%
874Boston, MAMA5,034,22168.8%
875Le Mars, IAIA25,69768.9%
876Nashville, TNTN2,197,41668.9%
877Hailey, IDID32,43668.9%
878Missoula, MTMT128,69869.0%
879Storm Lake, IAIA20,44969.0%
880Lawrence, KSKS120,92069.0%
881Brookings, SDSD37,63569.0%
882Mankato, MNMN104,90769.0%
883Appleton, WIWI249,87669.0%
884Heber, UTUT81,65569.0%
885Dallas, TXTX8,477,15769.1%
886Garden City, KSKS37,50569.2%
887Gillette, WYWY48,14569.2%
888Rochester, MNMN231,18469.2%
889Iowa City, IAIA182,71169.2%
890Columbus, NENE46,58369.3%
891Minot, NDND75,69469.4%
892Lexington, NENE26,25569.5%
893Laramie, WYWY38,55869.6%
894Lincoln, NENE352,08169.6%
895Grand Forks, NDND105,04669.7%
896Madison, WIWI709,68569.7%
897Omaha, NENE1,009,83669.8%
898Greeley, COCO378,42669.8%
899Midland, TXTX193,13969.8%
900Fort Leonard Wood, MOMO54,44269.9%
901Jacksonville, NCNC217,17570.0%
902Logan, UTUT160,88970.1%
903Ogden, UTUT672,78470.1%
904St. Cloud, MNMN205,85470.2%
905Manhattan, KSKS136,12270.3%
906Manchester, NHNH433,41570.4%
907Minneapolis, MNMN3,790,29570.4%
908Kearney, NENE57,96270.5%
909Dodge City, KSKS33,99370.7%
910Washington, DCDC6,465,72470.8%
911Des Moines, IAIA758,53971.0%
912Bozeman, MTMT128,74071.2%
913Austin, TXTX2,620,94571.3%
914Rifle, COCO80,09971.7%
915Provo, UTUT773,42671.7%
916Nantucket, MAMA14,75871.8%
917Denver, COCO3,092,03771.8%
918Hays, KSKS29,07572.0%
919Salt Lake City, UTUT1,308,37772.2%
920Williston, NDND41,76773.4%
921Edwards, COCO54,29173.5%
922Fargo, NDND269,52874.0%
923Sioux Falls, SDSD314,63874.1%
924Breckenridge, COCO39,06975.8%
925Jackson, WYWY36,58776.3%
SHOWING 501–925 OF 925
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UPDATED 2026-06-02 · DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR ESTIMATES