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METRO AREA

San Francisco Metro

San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA · 5 counties · 4,630,041 residents (2025 est.) · 2,470 sq mi
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The short version

San Francisco is home to 4,645,029 people. Home values have roughly tripled since 2000, reaching $1,186,704. 53% of adults hold a bachelor's degree, against 36% nationally. Few US metro areas rank higher on income. 32% of people across the metro were born outside the United States. Median household income runs $136,713, well clear of the $82,259 US median.

At a glance
Wealthier
median household income $136,713, above the US median
US median: $82,259
Mid-age
median age 40.3
US median: 38.9
More educated
53% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 88%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Unique to this place

What stands out about San Francisco

What changed most since 1990

  • Asian share15.8% → 27.8% (+12.0 pts)US over the same years: +3.1 pts
  • White share58.9% → 35.0% (−23.9 pts)US over the same years: −17.8 pts
  • Adults with a bachelor's degree32.0% → 52.7% (+20.6 pts)US over the same years: +15.3 pts

Among the 34 metro and micro areas based in California

  • 2nd in household income$136,713
  • 2nd in share with a bachelor's degree52.7%
  • 2nd in home value$1,186,704
  • 2nd in diversity score90.0
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
4,645,029
+13%since 2000
from 4,123,740 in 2000
4,630,041 in 2025 (Census Bureau estimate)
1990 – 2025
Population density
1,881 / sq mi
+13%since 2000
from 1,670 / sq mi in 2000
US average: 281
Median age
40.3
+12%since 2000
from 36.1 in 2000
US average: 38.9
Land area
2,470 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
3.6M3.9M4.2M4.5M4.9M19902000201020202024San Francisco
20244.6M
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2024
Under 55%(231,667)
US avg: 5.6%
5 to 95.2%(239,655)
US avg: 6%
10 to 145.6%(259,707)
US avg: 6.4%
15 to 195.6%(261,158)
US avg: 6.6%
20 to 245.4%(249,937)
US avg: 6.5%
25 to 3415%(696,708)
US avg: 13.7%
35 to 4415.1%(702,130)
US avg: 13.2%
45 to 5413.4%(623,909)
US avg: 12.2%
55 to 6412.6%(586,630)
US avg: 12.7%
65 to 749.8%(455,597)
US avg: 10.2%
75 to 845.1%(236,684)
US avg: 5.1%
85 and over2.2%(101,247)
US avg: 1.9%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$136,713
+23%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $61,059 in 2000
US average: $82,259
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$74,352
+134%since 2000
from $31,771 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
70.9%
+20.9 ptssince 2009
from 49.9% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
Poverty rate
8.9%
−0.3 ptssince 2000
from 9.1% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.489
+4%since 2010
from 0.469 in 2010
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Information8.7%
US avg: 10.8%
Retail trade7.5%
US avg: 9.9%
Other services6.9%
US avg: 6.7%
Wholesale trade5.7%
US avg: 6.9%
Finance & insurance5.3%
US avg: 5.9%
Public administration4.8%
US avg: 4.8%
Professional, scientific, technical4.5%
US avg: 5.1%
Arts, entertainment, food4.2%
US avg: 1.9%
Transportation & warehousing1.8%
US avg: 2.2%
Education & health services0.8%
US avg: 0.9%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing0.5%
US avg: 1.6%
Construction0.4%
US avg: 1.2%
Manufacturing0.1%
US avg: 0.4%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$1,186,704
+88%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $346,943 in 2000
US average: $376,019
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$2,490
+45%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $946 in 2000
US average: $1,442
Owner-occupied
56.1%
+0.1 ptssince 2000
from 56.0% in 2000
43.9% rent
Vacancy rate
6.9%
−0.4 ptssince 2009
from 7.3% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
Persons per household
2.63 people
−1%since 2009
from 2.66 people in 2009
US average: 2.54
Owner cost-burdened
29.3%
−13.2 ptssince 2009
from 42.5% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
Renter cost-burdened
47.6%
−0.2 ptssince 2009
from 47.8% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
Afford Score
8.6
−5%since 2009
from 9.1 in 2009
1990 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Gentrification Score
85
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means faster recent growth in incomes, home values, and college degrees.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic49.1%(2,026,022)
Black9.4%(387,490)
Hispanic / Latino17.8%(733,249)
Asian19%(784,918)
Other0%
2024
White, non-Hispanic35%(1,627,147)
Black6.6%(305,713)
Hispanic / Latino23.2%(1,077,678)
Asian27.8%(1,292,633)
Other7.4%(341,858)
Diversity Score
90
+6%since 2009
from 85 in 2009
1990 – 2024
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means a more even mix of racial and ethnic groups.
Segregation Score
40
−3%since 2020
from 41 in 2020
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means White and non-White residents are more separated across neighborhoods.
Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Mexican14.4%(671,068)
Central American4.7%(218,376)
Salvadoran2.1%(95,503)
South American1.5%(67,874)
Guatemalan1.4%(67,196)
Nicaraguan0.7%(33,920)
Puerto Rican0.7%(31,112)
Peruvian0.6%(26,424)
Spaniard0.5%(23,182)
Colombian0.3%(15,363)
Honduran0.3%(13,971)
Cuban0.2%(9,063)
+ 10 more hispanic origin groups with data
Argentine0.1%(6,085)
Venezuelan0.1%(5,418)
Chilean0.1%(5,355)
Ecuadorian0.1%(4,415)
Costa Rican0.1%(3,637)
Panamanian0.1%(3,483)
Dominican0.1%(2,856)
Bolivian0%(2,266)
Uruguayan0%(1,532)
Paraguayan0%(340)
Asian origin
Chinese10.7%(496,840)
Asian Indian5.4%(250,359)
Filipino5.3%(247,791)
Vietnamese1.3%(62,081)
Korean1.1%(50,429)
Japanese0.8%(36,977)
Taiwanese0.5%(20,932)
Pakistani0.3%(14,805)
Kazakh0.3%(11,605)
Cambodian0.2%(8,290)
Burmese0.2%(7,780)
Nepalese0.2%(7,550)
+ 13 more asian origin groups with data
Thai0.2%(7,195)
Laotian0.1%(5,061)
Indonesian0.1%(4,344)
Mongolian0.1%(3,520)
Mien0.1%(2,616)
Sri Lankan0%(2,272)
Hmong0%(2,067)
Bangladeshi0%(1,477)
Malaysian0%(964)
Uzbek0%(383)
Bhutanese0%(123)
Okinawan0%(92)
Pacific Islander origin
Native Hawaiian0.3%(13,316)
Fijian0.2%(11,258)
Samoan0.2%(10,872)
Tongan0.2%(8,575)
Chamorro0.1%(5,313)
Guamanian0%(672)
Ancestry
German7%(327,079)
Irish6.9%(321,035)
English6.9%(318,658)
Italian4.2%(195,749)
American2.1%(99,086)
French1.6%(76,216)
Polish1.4%(64,592)
Scottish1.4%(63,411)
Russian1.1%(52,782)
Subsaharan African1.1%(49,222)
Portuguese1.1%(49,017)
Arab1%(48,513)
+ 51 more ancestry groups with data
Swedish0.9%(42,487)
Norwegian0.9%(39,648)
Dutch0.6%(29,679)
Iranian0.6%(28,056)
British0.5%(25,047)
Ukrainian0.5%(23,676)
Scotch-Irish0.5%(23,263)
Greek0.5%(21,433)
Danish0.4%(19,702)
Welsh0.4%(17,617)
Hungarian0.3%(13,633)
Swiss0.3%(13,600)
Brazilian0.3%(12,275)
Nigerian0.2%(11,267)
West Indian0.2%(10,806)
Czech0.2%(10,780)
Austrian0.2%(10,405)
French Canadian0.2%(9,513)
Ethiopian0.2%(9,506)
Armenian0.2%(8,756)
Lithuanian0.2%(8,665)
Lebanese0.2%(8,105)
Romanian0.2%(8,038)
Canadian0.2%(7,275)
Croatian0.2%(7,193)
Finnish0.2%(7,046)
Turkish0.1%(6,557)
Egyptian0.1%(6,442)
Jamaican0.1%(5,370)
Belgian0.1%(4,743)
Palestinian0.1%(4,428)
Slovak0.1%(3,735)
Australian0.1%(3,638)
Israeli0.1%(3,291)
Bulgarian0.1%(2,745)
Serbian0.1%(2,693)
Syrian0.1%(2,549)
Moroccan0%(2,154)
Haitian0%(2,128)
Jordanian0%(2,030)
Slovene0%(1,971)
Iraqi0%(1,772)
Ghanaian0%(1,771)
Kenyan0%(1,764)
Latvian0%(1,753)
Guyanese0%(480)
Macedonian0%(457)
Barbadian0%(161)
Somali0%(32)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
52.7%
+14.1 ptssince 2000
from 38.5% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
89.5%
+5.3 ptssince 2000
from 84.2% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
Graduate degree
22.7%
+8.3 ptssince 2000
from 14.4% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
31.0 min
+36%since 2000
from 22.9 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
Drive alone to work
50.7%
−12.3 ptssince 2009
from 62.9% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
Carpooled to work
8.3%
−2.2 ptssince 2009
from 10.5% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
Public transit
8.4%
−5.6 ptssince 2009
from 14.1% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
Worked from home
25.6%
+20.1 ptssince 2009
from 5.5% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
Walked to work
3.7%
−0.4 ptssince 2009
from 4.1% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
Biked to work
1.4%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 1.4% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
No vehicle available
11.5%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 11.4% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07

Work & employment

Unemployment rate
5.7%
−2.7 ptssince 2011
from 8.5% in 2011
US average: 5.2%
Labor force participation
66.6%
−0.4 ptssince 2011
from 67.1% in 2011
US average: 63.5%
Women 20-64 in the labor force
77.7%
+1.2 ptssince 2020
from 76.5% in 2020
US average: 74.6%
Self-employed
13.1%
+0.2 ptssince 2009
from 12.9% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
Management & professional
55.3%
+10.7 ptssince 2009
from 44.5% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08

People & community

Male
49.8%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 49.7% in 2009
Female
50.2%
−0.1 ptssince 2009
from 50.3% in 2009
Foreign born
31.9%
+2.8 ptssince 2009
from 29.1% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
Veterans
3.2%
−3.7 ptssince 2009
from 6.9% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
With a disability
10.6%
+1.3 ptssince 2012
from 9.3% in 2012
US average: 13.3%
Uninsured
4.0%
−7.6 ptssince 2013
from 11.6% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Broadband at home
94.7%
+8.0 ptssince 2017
from 86.7% in 2017
US average: 91.0%
Computer in household
97.4%
+1.9 ptssince 2020
from 95.5% in 2020
US average: 95.5%
Same house as last year
87.9%
+0.7 ptssince 2020
from 87.2% in 2020
US average: 87.7%
English only at home
57.4%
−1.7 ptssince 2016
from 59.1% in 2016
US average: 77.7%
Spanish at home
16.3%
+0.2 ptssince 2016
from 16.1% in 2016
US average: 13.6%
Marital status
Men 15+
Never married39.8%(771,816)
Married51.5%(999,844)
Widowed2.1%(39,967)
Divorced6.6%(128,810)
Women 15+
Never married34.1%(673,501)
Married48.9%(964,373)
Widowed7.2%(142,037)
Divorced9.8%(193,652)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Uninsured
4.0%
−7.6 ptssince 2013
from 11.6% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
64.1%
−0.1 ptssince 2020
from 64.2% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
13.8%
−0.5 ptssince 2020
from 14.3% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
17.1%
+1.3 ptssince 2020
from 15.8% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
18.7%
+1.1 ptssince 2020
from 17.6% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
1.0%
−0.1 ptssince 2020
from 1.1% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
75.1%
−1.0 ptssince 2020
from 76.0% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
32.2%
+1.8 ptssince 2020
from 30.4% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)21.2%(25,694)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)17%(20,576)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era34.9%(42,287)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War6.9%(8,332)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II1.5%(1,761)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 121,131 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Over time

San Francisco, decade by decade

San Francisco population, inflation-adjusted income and home value, education, and diversity by year
YearPopulationMedian household incomeMedian home valueBachelor's degree+Diversity score
19903,686,592$97,517$637,46332.0%72.3
20004,123,740$111,229$632,01038.5%85.0
20104,335,391$109,003$956,53743.2%89.0
20204,749,008$135,692$1,103,89750.4%91.8
20244,645,029$136,713$1,186,70452.7%90.0

Census years come from the decennial census and the latest year from the American Community Survey, so part of any change between those two rows can reflect the different surveys. Dollar figures are adjusted for inflation to 2024 dollars; a figure ending in "+" was at the Census Bureau's reporting cap that year. The diversity score runs from 0 to 100; see how it's calculated.

In this metro

Largest cities

San FranciscoCENTRAL826,079OaklandCENTRAL440,838FremontCENTRAL226,442Hayward157,113Concord123,261BerkeleyCENTRAL121,911Antioch118,958Richmond114,861San MateoCENTRAL103,337Daly City101,261San RamonCENTRAL86,209San Leandro85,353LivermoreCENTRAL83,457Redwood CityCENTRAL82,178Pittsburg77,542Alameda76,876PleasantonCENTRAL74,556Dublin71,602Walnut CreekCENTRAL70,012Brentwood66,607Union City65,282Castro Valley65,001South San FranciscoCENTRAL64,941San RafaelCENTRAL59,410Novato51,947Newark47,895Oakley47,583Danville43,302San Bruno42,305Pacifica36,890

The 30 most populous of 138 cities and towns in this metro. CENTRAL marks the metro's principal cities.

What's inside

5 component counties

Alameda CountyCENTRAL1,636,630Contra Costa County1,170,070San Francisco CountyCENTRAL826,079San Mateo CountyCENTRAL743,568Marin CountyCENTRAL253,694
Drill deeper

Metros similar to San Francisco

Boston
Pop 5,034,221
Seattle
Pop 4,161,883
Washington
Pop 6,465,724
Riverside
Pop 4,769,007
Places similar to San Francisco
Head to head

Compare San Francisco side by side

SAN FRANCISCO VS
Boston
Income$116,759−15%
Home value$656,837−45%
Population5,034,221+9%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
SAN FRANCISCO VS
Seattle
Income$116,172−15%
Home value$749,490−37%
Population4,161,883−10%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
SAN FRANCISCO VS
Washington
Income$130,074−5%
Home value$613,108−48%
Population6,465,724+40%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
SAN FRANCISCO VS
Riverside
Income$89,505−35%
Home value$532,724−55%
Population4,769,007+3%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
Frequently asked

How many people live in San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA?

San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA has about 4,645,029 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA?

The typical household in San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA earns about $136,713 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA expensive?

In San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA, the median home is worth about $1,186,704, and the typical rent is about $2,490 a month.

How educated are people in San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA?

About 52.7% of adults age 25 and over in San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA?

About 8.9% of people in San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA live below the federal poverty line.

Has San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA grown since 1990?

Yes, San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA has grown since 1990. The population has added about 958,437 residents, a change of about 26 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · METRO ROLLUP OF COMPONENT COUNTIES · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →