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CITY · INCORPORATED 1852

Oakland

California · 440,838 residents (2025 est.) · 56.0 sq mi
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Part of the San Francisco metro area
The short version

With 439,418 people, Oakland is a city in California. Home values have more than tripled since 2000, reaching $929,900. 42% of homes are owner-occupied. That puts it in the top 7% of US cities for household income. 49% of adults hold a bachelor's degree, against 36% nationally. There are 7,852 people per square mile.

At a glance
Wealthier
median household income $101,600, above the US median
US median: $82,259
Mid-age
median age 37.9
US median: 38.9
More educated
49% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 125%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Unique to this place

What stands out about Oakland

What changed most since 1990

  • Black share43.2% → 19.7% (−23.4 pts)US over the same years: +0.2 pts
  • Median home value (2024 dollars)$413,052 → $929,900 (+125%)US over the same years: +67%
  • Median household income (2024 dollars)$65,030 → $101,600 (+56%)US over the same years: +14%

Among the 138 cities and towns in the San Francisco metro

  • 116th in household income$101,600
  • 90th in share with a bachelor's degree48.7%
  • 101st in home value$929,900
  • 1st in diversity score96.3

Its weight in Alameda County

Oakland's population equals 27% of Alameda County's. Its number of households without a car equals 48% of the county's. Its number of residents living in poverty equals 39% of the county's.

Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
439,418
+10%since 2000
from 399,484 in 2000
440,838 in 2025 (Census Bureau estimate)
1990 – 2025
Population density
7,852 / sq mi
+10%since 2000
from 7,138 / sq mi in 2000
US average: 281
Median age
37.9
+14%since 2000
from 33.3 in 2000
US average: 38.9
Land area
56.0 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
365K386K406K427K447K19902000201020202024Oakland
2024439K
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2024
Under 55.5%(24,040)
US avg: 5.6%
5 to 94.9%(21,751)
US avg: 6%
10 to 145.2%(22,782)
US avg: 6.4%
15 to 195.1%(22,299)
US avg: 6.6%
20 to 245.2%(22,682)
US avg: 6.5%
25 to 3418.5%(81,495)
US avg: 13.7%
35 to 4416.9%(74,112)
US avg: 13.2%
45 to 5412.6%(55,548)
US avg: 12.2%
55 to 6411.4%(50,189)
US avg: 12.7%
65 to 748.7%(38,032)
US avg: 10.2%
75 to 844.3%(18,790)
US avg: 5.1%
85 and over1.8%(7,698)
US avg: 1.9%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$101,600
+39%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $40,055 in 2000
US average: $82,259
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$61,757
+182%since 2000
from $21,936 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
60.6%
+26.7 ptssince 2009
from 33.8% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
Poverty rate
13.4%
−6.0 ptssince 2000
from 19.4% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.511
Unchangedsince 2010
from 0.509 in 2010
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Information8%
US avg: 10.8%
Retail trade6.5%
US avg: 9.9%
Wholesale trade6.2%
US avg: 6.9%
Finance & insurance6.2%
US avg: 5.9%
Other services5.4%
US avg: 6.7%
Professional, scientific, technical5.3%
US avg: 5.1%
Arts, entertainment, food4.2%
US avg: 1.9%
Public administration3.4%
US avg: 4.8%
Transportation & warehousing1.7%
US avg: 2.2%
Education & health services0.9%
US avg: 0.9%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing0.4%
US avg: 1.6%
Construction0.4%
US avg: 1.2%
Manufacturing0.1%
US avg: 0.4%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$929,900
+125%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $227,300 in 2000
US average: $376,019
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$1,979
+56%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $696 in 2000
US average: $1,442
Owner-occupied
42.3%
+0.9 ptssince 2000
from 41.4% in 2000
57.7% rent
Vacancy rate
7.9%
−2.1 ptssince 2009
from 10.0% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
Persons per household
2.45 people
−2%since 2009
from 2.51 people in 2009
US average: 2.54
Owner cost-burdened
32.4%
−15.6 ptssince 2009
from 48.1% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
Renter cost-burdened
48.8%
−3.6 ptssince 2009
from 52.4% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
Afford Score
9.2
−15%since 2009
from 10.8 in 2009
1990 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Gentrification Score
78
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means faster recent growth in incomes, home values, and college degrees.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic23.5%(93,953)
Black35.1%(140,139)
Hispanic / Latino21.9%(87,467)
Asian15.1%(60,393)
Other0%
2024
White, non-Hispanic27.8%(122,006)
Black19.7%(86,626)
Hispanic / Latino28.7%(126,186)
Asian15.7%(68,848)
Other8.1%(35,752)
Diversity Score
96
+1%since 2009
from 95 in 2009
1990 – 2024
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means a more even mix of racial and ethnic groups.
Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Mexican18.6%(81,586)
Central American6.9%(30,208)
Guatemalan3.5%(15,487)
Salvadoran2.2%(9,502)
Honduran0.7%(2,911)
Puerto Rican0.6%(2,777)
Nicaraguan0.4%(1,866)
Colombian0.3%(1,276)
Cuban0.3%(1,192)
Spaniard0.3%(1,136)
Peruvian0.2%(1,024)
+ 10 more hispanic origin groups with data
Argentine0.2%(754)
Venezuelan0.1%(451)
Ecuadorian0.1%(383)
Chilean0.1%(362)
Dominican0.1%(244)
Panamanian0.1%(233)
Bolivian0%(120)
Uruguayan0%(47)
Asian origin
Chinese7%(30,553)
Vietnamese2.1%(9,133)
Filipino1.5%(6,462)
Asian Indian1.1%(4,808)
Cambodian0.7%(3,066)
Korean0.7%(2,946)
Japanese0.5%(2,163)
Mien0.3%(1,182)
Laotian0.2%(1,019)
Taiwanese0.2%(803)
Thai0.2%(797)
Pakistani0.2%(702)
+ 11 more asian origin groups with data
Kazakh0.1%(451)
Burmese0.1%(421)
Hmong0.1%(356)
Mongolian0.1%(344)
Sri Lankan0.1%(267)
Nepalese0%(170)
Indonesian0%(151)
Bhutanese0%(20)
Okinawan0%(13)
Pacific Islander origin
Tongan0.3%(1,301)
Samoan0.1%(510)
Fijian0.1%(489)
Chamorro0.1%(326)
Guamanian0%(43)
Ancestry
German5.8%(25,485)
Irish5.7%(24,923)
English5.5%(24,229)
Italian3%(13,228)
Subsaharan African2.8%(12,418)
American1.6%(7,095)
French1.4%(6,194)
Polish1.4%(6,076)
Arab1.3%(5,731)
Scottish1.1%(5,026)
Russian1%(4,366)
Ethiopian1%(4,265)
+ 50 more ancestry groups with data
Norwegian0.8%(3,444)
Swedish0.7%(3,060)
West Indian0.6%(2,603)
Nigerian0.6%(2,430)
British0.5%(2,322)
Portuguese0.5%(2,259)
Dutch0.5%(2,122)
Iranian0.4%(1,772)
Scotch-Irish0.4%(1,754)
Ukrainian0.4%(1,613)
Greek0.3%(1,422)
Danish0.3%(1,404)
Welsh0.3%(1,389)
Jamaican0.3%(1,349)
Hungarian0.3%(1,284)
Czech0.3%(1,101)
Swiss0.2%(1,023)
Austrian0.2%(854)
Lithuanian0.2%(824)
Armenian0.2%(790)
Finnish0.2%(694)
Brazilian0.1%(628)
Romanian0.1%(617)
Belgian0.1%(572)
Lebanese0.1%(456)
Croatian0.1%(451)
Haitian0.1%(438)
Palestinian0.1%(377)
Canadian0.1%(377)
Egyptian0.1%(376)
Slovak0.1%(353)
Kenyan0.1%(324)
Iraqi0.1%(313)
Turkish0.1%(309)
Australian0.1%(285)
Israeli0.1%(248)
Syrian0.1%(236)
Moroccan0%(208)
Latvian0%(144)
Slovene0%(114)
Ghanaian0%(86)
Serbian0%(78)
Bulgarian0%(65)
Guyanese0%(48)
Somali0%(18)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
48.7%
+17.8 ptssince 2000
from 30.9% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
84.8%
+10.8 ptssince 2000
from 73.9% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
Graduate degree
22.0%
+9.1 ptssince 2000
from 12.9% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
29.8 min
+34%since 2000
from 22.2 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
Drive alone to work
46.9%
−10.7 ptssince 2009
from 57.6% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
Carpooled to work
7.6%
−3.2 ptssince 2009
from 10.8% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
Public transit
12.5%
−4.5 ptssince 2009
from 17.0% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
Worked from home
26.5%
+20.6 ptssince 2009
from 5.9% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
Walked to work
2.9%
−1.4 ptssince 2009
from 4.3% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
Biked to work
1.7%
−0.4 ptssince 2009
from 2.1% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
No vehicle available
16.2%
−0.6 ptssince 2009
from 16.7% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07

Work & employment

Unemployment rate
6.4%
−4.6 ptssince 2011
from 10.9% in 2011
US average: 5.2%
Labor force participation
68.7%
+3.2 ptssince 2011
from 65.4% in 2011
US average: 63.5%
Women 20-64 in the labor force
78.3%
+1.2 ptssince 2020
from 77.1% in 2020
US average: 74.6%
Self-employed
14.3%
−0.8 ptssince 2009
from 15.2% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
Management & professional
52.5%
+11.1 ptssince 2009
from 41.5% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08

People & community

Male
49.6%
+1.2 ptssince 2009
from 48.3% in 2009
Female
50.4%
−1.2 ptssince 2009
from 51.7% in 2009
Foreign born
27.5%
−0.6 ptssince 2009
from 28.1% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
Veterans
2.9%
−3.1 ptssince 2009
from 6.0% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
With a disability
12.2%
+0.8 ptssince 2012
from 11.4% in 2012
US average: 13.3%
Uninsured
5.6%
−11.7 ptssince 2013
from 17.3% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Broadband at home
91.6%
+12.6 ptssince 2017
from 79.0% in 2017
US average: 91.0%
Computer in household
96.0%
+3.4 ptssince 2020
from 92.6% in 2020
US average: 95.5%
Same house as last year
87.3%
+0.6 ptssince 2020
from 86.6% in 2020
US average: 87.7%
English only at home
59.7%
Unchangedsince 2016
from 59.7% in 2016
US average: 77.7%
Spanish at home
22.6%
+0.6 ptssince 2016
from 22.0% in 2016
US average: 13.6%
Marital status
Men 15+
Never married47.8%(87,376)
Married42.8%(78,179)
Widowed1.9%(3,529)
Divorced7.5%(13,676)
Women 15+
Never married44.3%(83,237)
Married39.6%(74,513)
Widowed6.4%(12,089)
Divorced9.7%(18,246)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Uninsured
5.6%
−11.7 ptssince 2013
from 17.3% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
56.4%
+2.2 ptssince 2020
from 54.2% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
11.3%
−0.8 ptssince 2020
from 12.1% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
15.3%
+0.8 ptssince 2020
from 14.5% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
27.4%
+0.2 ptssince 2020
from 27.2% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
1.0%
Unchangedsince 2020
from 1.0% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
65.4%
+0.9 ptssince 2020
from 64.5% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
38.3%
+1.0 ptssince 2020
from 37.3% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)24.4%(2,487)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)19.6%(1,998)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era32%(3,262)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War5.3%(539)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II1.2%(124)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 10,186 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Over time

Oakland, decade by decade

Oakland population, inflation-adjusted income and home value, education, and diversity by year
YearPopulationMedian household incomeMedian home valueBachelor's degree+Diversity score
1990372,242$65,030$413,05227.2%86.8
2000399,484$72,966$414,06230.9%93.6
2010390,724$71,527$760,42936.3%95.5
2020440,646$97,136$884,78846.1%96.2
2024439,418$101,600$929,90048.7%96.3

Census years come from the decennial census and the latest year from the American Community Survey, so part of any change between those two rows can reflect the different surveys. Dollar figures are adjusted for inflation to 2024 dollars; a figure ending in "+" was at the Census Bureau's reporting cap that year. The diversity score runs from 0 to 100; see how it's calculated.

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Neighborhoods in Oakland

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Pop 453,737
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Head to head

Compare Oakland to nearby cities

OAKLAND VS
Alameda
Income$137,697+36%
Home value$1,235,700+33%
Population76,876−83%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
OAKLAND VS
Piedmont
Income$250,000+
Home value$2,000,000+
Population10,642−98%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
OAKLAND VS
San Leandro
Income$101,420same
Home value$844,200−9%
Population85,353−81%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
OAKLAND VS
Emeryville
Income$117,092+15%
Home value$604,800−35%
Population13,251−97%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
Frequently asked

How many people live in Oakland, California?

Oakland, California has about 439,418 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Oakland, California?

The typical household in Oakland, California earns about $101,600 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Oakland, California expensive?

In Oakland, California, the median home is worth about $929,900, and the typical rent is about $1,979 a month.

How educated are people in Oakland, California?

About 48.7% of adults age 25 and over in Oakland, California hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Oakland, California?

About 13.4% of people in Oakland, California live below the federal poverty line.

Has Oakland, California grown since 1990?

Yes, Oakland, California has grown since 1990. The population has added about 67,176 residents, a change of about 18 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →