RANKING · 2024 ACS · 500 SHOWN OF 5,157

Largest French Canadian population, US cities

US cities ranked by the number of residents who are French Canadian ancestry, from the 2024 American Community Survey detailed-origin tables. Each list covers the full eligible universe; download the complete data as CSV. Manchester, New Hampshire leads at 11,625. 5,157 cities qualify in total. Cities with fewer than 5,000 residents are excluded. Massachusetts carries 6 of the top 25 entries.

French Canadian Americans: full group profile →

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SAME RANKING BYCounties States Metros

YEAR2010 2020 2024

RANKPLACESTATEPOPFRENCH CANADIAN POPULATIONVS 2010

USUnited States0.5% of US population334,922,4991,621,234–

01Manchester, NHNH116,81811,625−8%

02New York, NYNY8,584,6299,633−15%

03Boston, MAMA672,9737,450+1%

04Nashua, NHNH92,4356,949−18%

05Los Angeles, CACA3,869,0895,206−25%

06Worcester, MAMA213,8625,188−1%

07Lewiston, MEME38,8665,165−40%

08Lafayette, LALA123,3114,624−6%

09Chicago, ILIL2,731,5854,372−5%

10Seattle, WAWA784,7774,300−12%

11Woonsocket, RIRI44,5804,212−39%

12San Diego, CACA1,406,1064,155−19%

13Chicopee, MAMA55,3104,075−24%

14Houston, TXTX2,397,3153,948−9%

15Phoenix, AZAZ1,665,4813,810−38%

16Auburn, MEME25,4413,270−25%

17Lowell, MAMA119,9713,245−43%

18Warwick, RIRI84,1873,245+18%

19Haverhill, MAMA68,3613,234−19%

20Portland, MEME69,9112,942+1%

21Jacksonville, FLFL1,017,6892,884−28%

22Biddeford, MEME22,3992,877−28%

23Leominster, MAMA44,1942,818−31%

24Austin, TXTX1,002,6322,758−8%

25Bristol, CTCT62,3412,706−27%

26Attleboro, MAMA47,4472,687−13%

27Portland, OROR635,1092,680−27%

28Rochester, NHNH33,7162,587+4%

29Minneapolis, MNMN430,3242,559−5%

30Gardner, MAMA21,4832,497+1%

31Burlington, VTVT44,0192,482−21%

32Denver, COCO740,6132,460+8%

33New Bedford, MAMA101,8342,445−33%

34Pawtucket, RIRI77,0652,430−27%

35San Antonio, TXTX1,548,4222,379−10%

36Springfield, MAMA154,7022,363−40%

37Sanford, MEME22,6632,342+77%

38Charlotte, NCNC964,7842,328−6%

39New Orleans, LALA362,1542,238+28%

40Concord, NHNH44,5972,228−44%

41Fitchburg, MAMA42,1362,202−48%

42Fall River, MAMA95,2982,145−53%

43Lake Charles, LALA82,6762,128−24%

44Mesa, AZAZ513,6562,102−30%

45Virginia Beach, VAVA453,7372,102−36%

46Dover, NHNH34,6232,065−22%

47Washington, DCDC693,6452,016+5%

48San Francisco, CACA826,0791,991−27%

49Providence, RIRI195,3101,991−26%

50Colorado Springs, COCO494,7431,941−41%

51Methuen, MAMA54,5841,917–

52Las Vegas, NVNV679,8171,891−9%

53East Providence, RIRI48,2491,890+17%

54St. Paul, MNMN306,6841,862−28%

55Peabody, MAMA55,9531,840−19%

56Saco, MEME21,1591,822−23%

57South Burlington, VTVT21,3941,813−4%

58Sterling Heights, MIMI133,9311,804−9%

59Keene, NHNH23,0721,790−11%

60Agawam, MAMA28,7831,763−28%

61Philadelphia, PAPA1,574,2811,748+7%

62Raleigh, NCNC506,3061,731+11%

63Tucson, AZAZ548,3711,728−31%

64Baton Rouge, LALA222,7951,727−30%

65Henderson, NVNV353,2891,703+3%

66Toledo, OHOH263,4231,697−16%

67Lynn, MAMA104,2361,682−25%

68Laconia, NHNH17,2461,662+13%

69Cranston, RIRI84,6471,645−28%

70Beverly, MAMA43,3631,635−10%

71Fort Worth, TXTX1,028,1171,629+12%

72Salem, MAMA45,3811,614−38%

73Green Bay, WIWI106,6751,614−47%

74North Attleborough, MAMA31,5061,592–

75Derry, NHNH21,3391,572−17%

76Southbridge, MAMA18,1051,559−22%

77Somerville, MAMA84,2111,549−14%

78Westfield, MAMA40,5461,538−28%

79Waltham, MAMA65,0371,533−30%

80Spokane, WAWA230,7831,519−41%

81Milwaukee, WIWI562,4071,509−42%

82Quincy, MAMA103,1731,503−33%

83Columbus, OHOH938,3961,503−20%

84Waterville, MEME17,5791,491+24%

85Dallas, TXTX1,329,4911,490−14%

86Albuquerque, NMNM556,5881,486−39%

87Norwich, CTCT40,0011,466−23%

88Warren, MIMI137,1381,461−49%

89Bangor, MEME32,5181,448−29%

90San Jose, CACA989,8141,443−17%

91St. Clair Shores, MIMI57,8721,414−12%

92Nashville, TNTN721,0741,410+10%

93Palm Bay, FLFL148,0921,404+22%

94Anchorage, AKAK287,1551,398−50%

95Chesapeake, VAVA255,3321,381+37%

96St. Petersburg, FLFL264,0331,364−17%

97Somerset, MAMA18,2981,356−13%

98Metairie, LALA139,7291,351−6%

99Marlborough, MAMA42,7721,350−29%

100South Portland, MEME27,0071,341−9%

101Barnstable, MAMA50,1011,334+10%

102Old Orchard Beach, MEME9,2441,321+47%

103Berlin, NHNH9,5021,319−52%

104Indianapolis, ININ901,1161,308−16%

105Meriden, CTCT60,8101,307−22%

106Syracuse, NYNY144,8961,305−27%

107Westbrook, MEME21,5651,291−3%

108Sulphur, LALA20,4921,285+13%

109Livonia, MIMI92,6031,237−58%

110Cambridge, MAMA122,5881,226−28%

111Oklahoma City, OKOK719,8491,222−8%

112Franklin, MAMA33,9551,209+4%

113Wilmington, MAMA23,3361,208+39%

114Port St. Lucie, FLFL268,0621,205−23%

115Madison, WIWI286,2331,200−0%

116Weymouth, MAMA59,7591,191−23%

117Cape Coral, FLFL236,2641,184+3%

118Boise City, IDID238,4291,180−10%

119Taunton, MAMA62,5221,180−50%

120Holyoke, MAMA38,0231,179−12%

121Sacramento, CACA536,4491,177−6%

122Troy, MIMI88,7331,158−8%

123Durham, NCNC305,5611,142+76%

124Reading, MAMA25,6121,141+7%

125Malden, MAMA66,3701,139−2%

126Arlington, VAVA236,2541,138−5%

127Kansas City, MOMO521,2201,135−0%

128Reno, NVNV283,6211,135+11%

129Amesbury, MAMA17,5881,132–

130Valley Falls, RIRI12,6571,131+49%

131Lansing, MIMI113,8841,118−15%

132New Britain, CTCT76,2861,109−14%

133West Hartford, CTCT63,6201,099−22%

134Barre, VTVT8,2141,091−2%

135Chandler, AZAZ278,7481,089−29%

136Baltimore, MDMD569,9971,085+24%

137West Springfield, MAMA28,8291,083−41%

138Eugene, OROR178,6181,083+5%

139Omaha, NENE488,7971,081−18%

140Waterbury, CTCT115,7711,063−41%

141Gilbert, AZAZ287,2851,048−30%

142East Hartford, CTCT50,9181,046−26%

143Duluth, MNMN88,3301,036−34%

144Manchester, CTCT36,7591,031−13%

145Danvers, MAMA28,0981,031−31%

146Portsmouth, NHNH23,0281,016+26%

147Westland, MIMI82,3331,011−35%

148Milford, CTCT51,2151,010−30%

149Atlanta, GAGA529,1101,010−0%

150Londonderry, NHNH12,2251,009+51%

151Augusta, MEME19,1551,008−49%

152Vancouver, WAWA199,698997−36%

153Scottsdale, AZAZ243,006995−33%

154Flint, MIMI79,306995−23%

155Framingham, MAMA73,021994−50%

156Plattsburgh, NYNY19,744990−9%

157Wakefield, MAMA27,793984−31%

158Spring Hill, FLFL119,983981−22%

159Greenfield, MAMA17,691962–

160Pittsfield, MAMA42,909960−58%

161Hampton, NHNH10,101959+49%

162Grand Rapids, MIMI201,183956−34%

163Easthampton, MAMA15,851955–

164Brunswick, MEME17,652950−15%

165Badger, AKAK18,677944+243%

166Tampa, FLFL413,554933−40%

167Newton, MAMA90,741929+21%

168Lakeland, FLFL125,520926+32%

169Lebanon, NHNH15,481920+9%

170Brockton, MAMA106,134919−62%

171Tacoma, WAWA229,816919−39%

172Putnam, CTCT7,120913−29%

173Midland, MIMI42,806913−8%

174Pompano Beach, FLFL117,211909+38%

175Woburn, MAMA43,962909−33%

176Lexington, KYKY329,751906−34%

177Middletown, CTCT48,439891−35%

178Aurora, COCO410,053887−21%

179The Villages, FLFL83,498887−7%

180Ann Arbor, MIMI122,233884−31%

181Rochester, NYNY206,108882−40%

182El Paso, TXTX683,012881+67%

183Long Beach, CACA450,469877−24%

184Cohoes, NYNY18,518877+61%

185Palmer, MAMA12,367875−4%

186Albany, NYNY101,698874−18%

187Norfolk, VAVA231,013872+17%

188South Hooksett, NHNH5,902869−11%

189Milford, NHNH8,956862−6%

190Arlington, MAMA46,350860−22%

191Cary, NCNC183,582858−16%

192Northampton, MAMA31,047856−30%

193Claremont, NHNH13,032855+14%

194Spokane Valley, WAWA108,405853−8%

195Bend, OROR107,342852+57%

196Central, LALA30,313848+52%

197Eagan, MNMN67,109848+47%

198Bridgeport, CTCT152,273847+123%

199Milford, MAMA27,731839+20%

200Shreveport, LALA175,902836+31%

201Houma, LALA31,735832−63%

202Newburyport, MAMA19,148829−12%

203North Port, FLFL96,551826+14%

204Caribou, MEME7,321824+29%

205Overland Park, KSKS203,677821+77%

206Louisville, KYKY641,962819−26%

207Norwood, MAMA31,542811+11%

208Bayou Blue, LALA12,218810−2%

209Gloucester, MAMA30,627806−10%

210Skowhegan, MEME6,662804+82%

211Enterprise, NVNV240,464801+1%

212Wichita, KSKS400,987800−28%

213Fargo, NDND136,275800−28%

214Hartford, CTCT121,981796+39%

215Pittsburgh, PAPA307,632791+59%

216Spencer, MAMA5,661790−8%

217Norwalk, CTCT94,508789+6%

218Detroit, MIMI649,095786−13%

219Coon Rapids, MNMN64,193781−8%

220Paradise, NVNV185,913774−31%

221Broussard, LALA15,799771+71%

222Charleston, SCSC159,423771+94%

223Huntington Beach, CACA191,451770−24%

224Largo, FLFL80,690770+15%

225Salem, OROR181,779768−19%

226Buffalo, NYNY274,613766−44%

227Rutland, VTVT15,363766−10%

228Wethersfield, CTCT27,250765+24%

229Exeter, NHNH9,964752+62%

230Alexandria, VAVA160,662752−7%

231Willimantic, CTCT18,096750−40%

232Westerly, RIRI18,411749+2%

233Lake Forest, CACA86,333747+77%

234Dearborn, MIMI105,611745−58%

235Oceanside, CACA170,483743+13%

236Royal Oak, MIMI57,583743−44%

237Santa Clarita, CACA228,430739−14%

238New Haven, CTCT138,774735+3%

239Bayou Cane, LALA21,253732−31%

240Taylor, MIMI61,279727−60%

241Surprise, AZAZ175,304722+3%

242Torrington, CTCT35,796719−47%

243Newmarket, NHNH5,679717+68%

244Tallahassee, FLFL204,902716+10%

245Arlington, TXTX402,134714−26%

246Riverside, CACA323,057713−38%

247Shelton, CTCT42,880711−24%

248St. George, UTUT108,713711+371%

249Braintree, MAMA38,957707−10%

250Lady Lake, FLFL17,496705+110%

251Peoria, AZAZ200,881703−42%

252Port Huron, MIMI28,273702−41%

253Jupiter, FLFL62,350698+19%

254Lawrence, MAMA89,320691−63%

255Memphis, TNTN609,647686−16%

256Deerfield Beach, FLFL89,339684+27%

257St. Albans, VTVT6,939682−16%

258Winslow, MEME5,873680−37%

259Somersworth, NHNH12,171677−39%

260Melrose, MAMA29,597676−15%

261Troy, NYNY50,912674−46%

262Newington, CTCT30,896672−43%

263Southwood Acres, CTCT8,115670+49%

264Lincoln, NENE301,522664−23%

265Meridian, IDID142,988661+114%

266Brattleboro, VTVT7,657661+69%

267Pembroke Pines, FLFL176,714660+17%

268Schenectady, NYNY69,471656−27%

269Youngsville, LALA19,980654+29%

270Amherst, MAMA40,920653–

271Novi, MIMI67,319651−42%

272Oakland, CACA440,838650−35%

273Massena, NYNY9,898649−27%

274Hudson Falls, NYNY7,333648+87%

275Greensboro, NCNC308,667648+2%

276Essex Junction, VTVT10,921647−20%

277Lakewood, COCO156,927646−8%

278Palm Coast, FLFL109,886643+70%

279Marquette, MIMI21,944643+13%

280Montpelier, VTVT7,823643+24%

281Jennings, LALA9,235642+16%

282Wyoming, MIMI78,588642+34%

283Irvine, CACA318,764641−2%

284Fort Collins, COCO171,500639−36%

285Naperville, ILIL153,114637−17%

286Moss Bluff, LALA12,482634+22%

287Cumberland Hill, RIRI8,648632−46%

288Springfield, MOMO169,847631−26%

289Hudson, NHNH7,469631−21%

290North Adams, MAMA12,368629−33%

291Billings, MTMT121,239628−21%

292Rochester Hills, MIMI77,539627−47%

293Grand Forks, NDND60,365627−31%

294Tulsa, OKOK416,209626−42%

295Broomfield, COCO79,174622+55%

296Leland, NCNC35,731621+320%

297Murfreesboro, TNTN171,178620+100%

298Scott, LALA9,635618+20%

299East Merrimack, NHNH5,081616+22%

300Saugus, MAMA28,773612−7%

301Medford, MAMA59,834611−62%

302Gulfport, MSMS76,506607+87%

303Roseville, MIMI46,863606−56%

304Mint Hill, NCNC29,476604+1084%

305Maple Grove, MNMN73,893603−19%

306Danbury, CTCT89,033601−25%

307Brewer, MEME9,636601−5%

308Fort Lauderdale, FLFL188,677600−26%

309Glendale, AZAZ260,572597−42%

310Athol, MAMA8,801596−15%

311Milton, MAMA28,587592−34%

312Maynard, MAMA10,712591+25%

313Escanaba, MIMI12,257591−41%

314Webster, MAMA12,228584−32%

315Des Moines, IAIA212,086582+69%

316Garden City, MIMI26,280582−49%

317North Charleston, SCSC129,245578+37%

318Frisco, TXTX236,955574+35%

319Winsted, CTCT6,977573+42%

320Vero Beach South, FLFL30,344573+188%

321Stamford, CTCT139,535572+11%

322Goodyear, AZAZ125,359566+125%

323Fresno, CACA555,549566−38%

324Daytona Beach, FLFL88,471566+40%

325Salt Lake City, UTUT218,428564+18%

326Melbourne, FLFL87,097557−22%

327Tonawanda, NYNY56,806556–

328Town 'n' Country, FLFL85,928555+46%

329Eunice, LALA9,035554+15%

330Presque Isle, MEME8,694554−9%

331North Fort Myers, FLFL44,993551+16%

332Bay City, MIMI31,868550−57%

333Burlington, MAMA26,274549−7%

334Hudson, MAMA15,719547−31%

335Plymouth, MNMN78,942547−6%

336Flower Mound, TXTX79,540543−12%

337Irondequoit, NYNY50,657542+17%

338Kenosha, WIWI99,239541−36%

339Abington, MAMA17,053540+7%

340Orlando, FLFL333,888538−53%

341Newport, RIRI24,251537−3%

342Cut Off, LALA5,398535−50%

343Fort Wayne, ININ275,203534−34%

344Simi Valley, CACA124,861530−31%

345Lawrenceville, GAGA32,822530+1028%

346Belmont, MAMA27,175530−27%

347Brookline, MAMA63,266529+9%

348Otsego, MNMN24,525529+262%

349Grants Pass, OROR39,239529+90%

350Beaumont, TXTX112,967527−44%

351Copperas Cove, TXTX40,118525+436%

352Whitinsville, MAMA7,115523−43%

353Redondo Beach, CACA67,281516−10%

354Watertown, MAMA35,710516–

355Auburn, WAWA86,301516−8%

356Mount Pleasant, SCSC95,469514+225%

357San Marcos, CACA94,908513+46%

358St. Johnsbury, VTVT5,859513−31%

359Cincinnati, OHOH314,367511+2%

360Riverview, FLFL113,697510+27%

361Fayetteville, NCNC209,120510−43%

362Casas Adobes, AZAZ72,059509+37%

363Gonzales, LALA13,930507+67%

364Aliso Viejo, CACA49,844505+467%

365Pasco, WAWA82,848505+92%

366Shelburne, VTVT6,499504–

367Ware, MAMA6,369503−14%

368Wyandotte, MIMI24,072501−31%

369Oswego, NYNY17,024501−28%

370Boca Raton, FLFL101,582499+19%

371Marrero, LALA32,540499+67%

372Plano, TXTX293,028496−49%

373Tempe, AZAZ190,571495−59%

374Davie, FLFL110,851495−41%

375Roswell, GAGA91,505495−11%

376Akron, OHOH189,691495+55%

377Utica, NYNY62,978494−20%

378Watertown, NYNY23,517494−59%

379West Palm Beach, FLFL127,189492+8%

380Carlsbad, CACA112,260490−42%

381Knoxville, TNTN202,021490−4%

382Potsdam, NYNY8,019489+131%

383Chula Vista, CACA275,533488+5%

384Stoneham, MAMA23,355488−7%

385Saratoga Springs, NYNY28,768487+10%

386Eau Claire, WIWI72,465487−28%

387Racine, WIWI77,908486−11%

388Greeley, COCO115,073485−4%

389Manitowoc, WIWI34,671484−37%

390Spring Valley, NVNV219,187482−37%

391Franklin, NHNH8,839482−42%

392Dana Point, CACA32,232481+144%

393Gainesville, FLFL148,671481−10%

394Lexington, MAMA34,295478−22%

395Dedham, MAMA25,237477−25%

396New London, CTCT28,003475+16%

397League City, TXTX119,905471−25%

398Shoreline, WAWA66,542471−19%

399Carmel, ININ105,634470+109%

400Carencro, LALA13,224468+6%

401Madison Heights, MIMI28,297468−36%

402Bloomington, MNMN89,034468−14%

403Ruskin, FLFL29,834466+1126%

404Sunrise Manor, NVNV200,218465−16%

405New Iberia, LALA26,533464−66%

406Honolulu, HIHI341,868463−6%

407Breaux Bridge, LALA7,652463+21%

408Rayne, LALA6,995463+163%

409Washougal, WAWA18,028463+1186%

410Kronenwetter, WIWI8,413463+1829%

411Windsor Locks, CTCT12,579461−30%

412Roseville, CACA167,302459+24%

413Longmont, COCO100,109457−27%

414Blaine, MNMN76,603457−24%

415Winston-Salem, NCNC257,271457−12%

416Appleton, WIWI75,452457−58%

417Rocklin, CACA76,821453+91%

418Durham, NHNH10,681453−31%

419Prescott Valley, AZAZ52,423452+49%

420Larose, LALA5,515451−56%

421Topsham, MEME7,271451−37%

422Bridgewater, MAMA29,309451–

423Orange, CACA138,365450+10%

424Clearwater, FLFL114,364450−54%

425Eastpointe, MIMI33,814450−49%

426Rochester, MNMN124,292449−27%

427Murrieta, CACA114,124447−40%

428Farmington Hills, MIMI83,291447−56%

429Great Falls, MTMT60,208447−34%

430Yakima, WAWA97,458447−7%

431Sun Prairie, WIWI39,227447+66%

432Allen Park, MIMI27,445442−40%

433Lake Havasu City, AZAZ59,358437+8%

434Richmond, VAVA237,257437−18%

435Stevens Point, WIWI26,377436+90%

436South Lyon, MIMI12,107434+66%

437Hooksett, NHNH5,876434−18%

438Mission Viejo, CACA90,484433−22%

439Fort Myers, FLFL101,581433+71%

440Bradenton, FLFL58,014432−7%

441Pensacola, FLFL53,817432+64%

442Kalamazoo, MIMI72,683429−54%

443White Bear Lake, MNMN23,392429−7%

444Wakefield-Peace Dale, RIRI9,302429–

445Naugatuck, CTCT32,230427−60%

446Bonita Springs, FLFL57,634427+48%

447Plantation, FLFL99,183424+42%

448Dearborn Heights, MIMI60,664424−62%

449Abilene, TXTX131,588423+74%

450Pasadena, CACA135,804422+8%

451Galliano, LALA5,906422−70%

452Adams, MAMA5,427421+6%

453McKinney, TXTX236,001421−12%

454Marblehead, MAMA20,413420−45%

455Chattanooga, TNTN194,144419+19%

456Corpus Christi, TXTX317,247419−55%

457Winooski, VTVT8,239417−39%

458Rotterdam, NYNY22,695414+2%

459Wallingford Center, CTCT18,208412−2%

460Palm City, FLFL26,371412+59%

461Sparks, NVNV111,902411+14%

462Bakersfield, CACA422,165410−56%

463Salisbury, MAMA5,656410+22%

464Arvada, COCO122,901409−30%

465Williston, NDND29,522408+101%

466Sioux Falls, SDSD213,748408−54%

467Superior, WIWI26,397408−44%

468Corona, CACA161,734407−54%

469College Station, TXTX127,472407+112%

470Hazardville, CTCT6,022406+21%

471Rogers, MNMN15,606404+359%

472North Tonawanda, NYNY29,806404−5%

473West Glens Falls, NYNY10,050401+6%

474Hallandale Beach, FLFL42,698400−12%

475Boynton Beach, FLFL82,396397+4%

476Wilmington, NCNC126,809397+1%

477Central Falls, RIRI23,124397−53%

478Columbus, GAGA202,171396+32%

479Minnetonka, MNMN53,969396+67%

480Santa Clara, CACA133,446395+15%

481Torrance, CACA138,391395−42%

482Four Corners, FLFL65,048395+41%

483Malone, NYNY5,315395+37%

484Bath, MEME8,835393−11%

485Lino Lakes, MNMN23,220393−25%

486Oshkosh, WIWI67,460392−35%

487Bismarck, NDND77,963391+33%

488Everett, WAWA113,567391−58%

489Iowa City, IAIA76,229390+83%

490McLean, VAVA49,627390+99%

491Thibodaux, LALA15,573389−60%

492Biloxi, MSMS48,516389−38%

493Suamico, WIWI13,153389−9%

494Louisville, COCO20,581387+272%

495La Mesa, CACA59,914386+36%

496Menifee, CACA118,592386−31%

497Clarksville, TNTN188,829386−26%

498Carrollton, TXTX134,562386+45%

499Hugo, MNMN17,167385+43%

500Pawcatuck, CTCT5,577384+15%

SHOWING 1–500 OF 5,157

1 2…11

Download CSV (full list, 5,157 rows)

UPDATED 2026-07-15 · DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR ESTIMATES

Frequently asked

Which city has the highest french canadian population?

Manchester, New Hampshire ranks #1 with 11,625 (2024 American Community Survey).

What are the top 5 cities by french canadian population?

Manchester, New Hampshire, New York, New York, Boston, Massachusetts, Nashua, New Hampshire, Los Angeles, California.

How many cities are in this ranking?

5,157 cities qualify after filtering for population minimums and data availability (minimum 5,000 residents). The ranking covers 2024 ACS 5-year data.

How is french canadian population measured?

Number of residents who are French Canadian ancestry (Ancestry, ACS detailed tables). Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2024).