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CITY

Columbus

Ohio · 938,396 residents (2025 est.) · 221 sq mi
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Part of the Columbus metro area
The short version

With 914,802 people, Columbus is a city in Ohio. 44% of homes are owner-occupied. The median age is 33.2, younger than the US median of 38.9. Density works out to 4,145 people per square mile. Growth has run 29% since 2000, or 203,332 more people. People stay put here: 80% were in the same home a year ago.

At a glance
Lower income
median household income $66,082, below the US median
US median: $82,259
Younger
median age 33.2
US median: 38.9
Average education
38% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 40%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Unique to this place

What stands out about Columbus

What changed most since 1990

  • Black share22.4% → 29.1% (+6.7 pts)US over the same years: +0.2 pts
  • White share74.0% → 50.7% (−23.4 pts)US over the same years: −17.8 pts

Among the 130 cities and towns in the Columbus metro

  • 78th in household income$66,082
  • 34th in share with a bachelor's degree38.2%
  • 48th in home value$252,900
  • 2nd in diversity score80.6
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
914,802
+29%since 2000
from 711,470 in 2000
938,396 in 2025 (Census Bureau estimate)
1990 – 2025
Population density
4,145 / sq mi
+29%since 2000
from 3,223 / sq mi in 2000
US average: 281
Median age
33.2
+8%since 2000
from 30.6 in 2000
US average: 38.9
Land area
221 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
605K689K774K858K943K19902000201020202024Columbus
2024915K
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2024
Under 56.5%(59,835)
US avg: 5.6%
5 to 96.1%(56,203)
US avg: 6%
10 to 145.9%(54,218)
US avg: 6.4%
15 to 196.5%(59,665)
US avg: 6.6%
20 to 248.2%(74,966)
US avg: 6.5%
25 to 3420.1%(183,859)
US avg: 13.7%
35 to 4414.2%(129,783)
US avg: 13.2%
45 to 5410.8%(98,691)
US avg: 12.2%
55 to 6410.3%(94,050)
US avg: 12.7%
65 to 747.2%(65,585)
US avg: 10.2%
75 to 843%(27,429)
US avg: 5.1%
85 and over1.1%(10,518)
US avg: 1.9%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$66,082
−4%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $37,897 in 2000
US average: $82,259
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$37,860
+85%since 2000
from $20,450 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
44.3%
+20.7 ptssince 2009
from 23.7% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
Poverty rate
18.1%
+3.3 ptssince 2000
from 14.8% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.447
+1%since 2010
from 0.440 in 2010
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Information11.6%
US avg: 10.8%
Other services8.7%
US avg: 6.7%
Finance & insurance8.4%
US avg: 5.9%
Professional, scientific, technical7.7%
US avg: 5.1%
Retail trade7.4%
US avg: 9.9%
Public administration7.1%
US avg: 4.8%
Wholesale trade4.9%
US avg: 6.9%
Transportation & warehousing2%
US avg: 2.2%
Arts, entertainment, food1.9%
US avg: 1.9%
Education & health services0.7%
US avg: 0.9%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing0.3%
US avg: 1.6%
Construction0.2%
US avg: 1.2%
Manufacturing0%
US avg: 0.4%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$252,900
+40%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $99,100 in 2000
US average: $376,019
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$1,295
+21%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $586 in 2000
US average: $1,442
Owner-occupied
44.1%
−4.9 ptssince 2000
from 49.1% in 2000
55.9% rent
Vacancy rate
8.2%
−6.5 ptssince 2009
from 14.7% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
Persons per household
2.28 people
−3%since 2009
from 2.34 people in 2009
US average: 2.54
Owner cost-burdened
20.5%
−8.2 ptssince 2009
from 28.7% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
Renter cost-burdened
44.7%
−0.2 ptssince 2009
from 44.9% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
Afford Score
3.8
+20%since 2009
from 3.2 in 2009
1990 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Gentrification Score
59
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means faster recent growth in incomes, home values, and college degrees.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic66.9%(475,897)
Black24.3%(172,750)
Hispanic / Latino2.5%(17,471)
Asian3.4%(24,386)
Other0%
2024
White, non-Hispanic50.7%(463,364)
Black29.1%(266,171)
Hispanic / Latino8.3%(75,585)
Asian5.9%(54,326)
Other6.1%(55,356)
Diversity Score
81
+22%since 2009
from 66 in 2009
1990 – 2024
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means a more even mix of racial and ethnic groups.
Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Mexican3.7%(34,190)
Central American1.3%(12,071)
Puerto Rican1.1%(10,168)
South American0.9%(8,045)
Salvadoran0.6%(5,818)
Dominican0.5%(4,317)
Venezuelan0.4%(4,014)
Honduran0.3%(3,028)
Colombian0.2%(1,753)
Guatemalan0.2%(1,722)
Cuban0.1%(1,104)
Costa Rican0.1%(795)
+ 10 more hispanic origin groups with data
Spaniard0.1%(733)
Ecuadorian0.1%(696)
Argentine0.1%(578)
Peruvian0.1%(534)
Panamanian0%(427)
Bolivian0%(297)
Nicaraguan0%(281)
Chilean0%(138)
Uruguayan0%(11)
Asian origin
Asian Indian1.8%(16,666)
Chinese1%(9,264)
Nepalese0.8%(7,030)
Vietnamese0.3%(3,191)
Korean0.3%(2,605)
Filipino0.3%(2,556)
Japanese0.2%(1,794)
Cambodian0.2%(1,739)
Laotian0.2%(1,497)
Bhutanese0.1%(1,297)
Pakistani0.1%(961)
Taiwanese0.1%(567)
+ 9 more asian origin groups with data
Bangladeshi0.1%(543)
Burmese0.1%(526)
Kazakh0%(432)
Thai0%(353)
Mongolian0%(152)
Malaysian0%(90)
Hmong0%(54)
Pacific Islander origin
Samoan0.1%(495)
Chamorro0%(175)
Tongan0%(71)
Fijian0%(56)
Guamanian0%(11)
Ancestry
German14.8%(135,279)
Irish9.7%(88,477)
English8.3%(76,262)
Subsaharan African6.9%(62,925)
Italian4.6%(41,734)
American3.3%(30,622)
Somali2.7%(25,156)
Polish2%(18,271)
Scottish1.7%(15,129)
Arab1.5%(14,169)
French1.1%(10,280)
Welsh0.8%(7,691)
+ 50 more ancestry groups with data
West Indian0.7%(6,377)
Scotch-Irish0.7%(6,114)
Dutch0.6%(5,927)
Ghanaian0.6%(5,675)
Hungarian0.6%(5,290)
British0.5%(4,162)
Nigerian0.4%(3,965)
Russian0.4%(3,807)
Swedish0.4%(3,606)
Ethiopian0.4%(3,543)
Ukrainian0.4%(3,507)
Slovak0.4%(3,317)
Norwegian0.4%(3,284)
Haitian0.3%(3,179)
Greek0.3%(2,753)
Swiss0.3%(2,561)
Jordanian0.2%(2,232)
Czech0.2%(2,095)
Kenyan0.2%(1,814)
Jamaican0.2%(1,806)
Egyptian0.2%(1,657)
Lithuanian0.2%(1,554)
French Canadian0.2%(1,503)
Slovene0.2%(1,464)
Brazilian0.2%(1,435)
Moroccan0.1%(1,340)
Lebanese0.1%(1,302)
Romanian0.1%(1,167)
Austrian0.1%(1,104)
Croatian0.1%(1,093)
Palestinian0.1%(1,056)
Danish0.1%(1,020)
Portuguese0.1%(980)
Canadian0.1%(894)
Serbian0.1%(826)
Iranian0.1%(824)
Finnish0.1%(806)
Turkish0.1%(764)
Iraqi0.1%(760)
Belgian0.1%(559)
Syrian0.1%(535)
Israeli0.1%(503)
Armenian0.1%(501)
Macedonian0.1%(498)
Australian0%(199)
Bulgarian0%(191)
Latvian0%(169)
Barbadian0%(105)
Guyanese0%(13)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
38.2%
+9.2 ptssince 2000
from 29.0% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
89.7%
+6.0 ptssince 2000
from 83.8% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
Graduate degree
14.1%
+4.9 ptssince 2000
from 9.2% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
21.5 min
+63%since 2000
from 13.2 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
Drive alone to work
67.7%
−13.7 ptssince 2009
from 81.4% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
Carpooled to work
7.8%
−0.6 ptssince 2009
from 8.4% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
Public transit
1.9%
−1.1 ptssince 2009
from 3.0% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
Worked from home
18.3%
+15.1 ptssince 2009
from 3.2% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
Walked to work
2.5%
−0.1 ptssince 2009
from 2.6% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
Biked to work
0.4%
−0.2 ptssince 2009
from 0.7% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
No vehicle available
8.5%
−1.0 ptssince 2009
from 9.5% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07

Work & employment

Unemployment rate
5.1%
−4.2 ptssince 2011
from 9.3% in 2011
US average: 5.2%
Labor force participation
70.1%
−0.1 ptssince 2011
from 70.2% in 2011
US average: 63.5%
Women 20-64 in the labor force
78.5%
+1.5 ptssince 2020
from 77.0% in 2020
US average: 74.6%
Self-employed
12.6%
−0.4 ptssince 2009
from 13.0% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
Management & professional
43.9%
+6.3 ptssince 2009
from 37.5% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08

People & community

Male
49.2%
+0.2 ptssince 2009
from 49.0% in 2009
Female
50.8%
−0.2 ptssince 2009
from 51.0% in 2009
Foreign born
15.0%
+5.5 ptssince 2009
from 9.5% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
Veterans
4.8%
−3.2 ptssince 2009
from 8.1% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
With a disability
12.4%
+0.9 ptssince 2012
from 11.5% in 2012
US average: 13.3%
Uninsured
10.3%
−5.0 ptssince 2013
from 15.3% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Broadband at home
93.6%
+12.5 ptssince 2017
from 81.1% in 2017
US average: 91.0%
Computer in household
96.9%
+3.1 ptssince 2020
from 93.8% in 2020
US average: 95.5%
Same house as last year
80.3%
+1.5 ptssince 2020
from 78.7% in 2020
US average: 87.7%
English only at home
80.9%
−4.4 ptssince 2016
from 85.3% in 2016
US average: 77.7%
Spanish at home
6.0%
+1.9 ptssince 2016
from 4.2% in 2016
US average: 13.6%
Marital status
Men 15+
Never married49.2%(178,751)
Married39.2%(142,585)
Widowed2.1%(7,731)
Divorced9.5%(34,500)
Women 15+
Never married43.7%(166,564)
Married36.8%(140,291)
Widowed6.1%(23,212)
Divorced13.4%(50,912)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Uninsured
10.3%
−5.0 ptssince 2013
from 15.3% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
53.5%
−2.0 ptssince 2020
from 55.5% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
8.9%
−0.4 ptssince 2020
from 9.3% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
12.3%
+0.6 ptssince 2020
from 11.7% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
25.6%
+0.7 ptssince 2020
from 24.9% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
1.7%
Unchangedsince 2020
from 1.7% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
61.1%
−2.3 ptssince 2020
from 63.4% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
36.1%
+1.0 ptssince 2020
from 35.1% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)30.1%(10,380)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)21.5%(7,427)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era25.2%(8,700)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War3.4%(1,157)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II1.4%(496)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 34,521 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Over time

Columbus, decade by decade

Columbus population, inflation-adjusted income and home value, education, and diversity by year
YearPopulationMedian household incomeMedian home valueBachelor's degree+Diversity score
1990632,958$63,964$156,96524.6%50.2
2000711,470$69,035$180,52629.0%61.4
2010787,033$62,034$199,53031.9%70.8
2020905,748$66,543$193,92636.8%79.7
2024914,802$66,082$252,90038.2%80.6

Census years come from the decennial census and the latest year from the American Community Survey, so part of any change between those two rows can reflect the different surveys. Dollar figures are adjusted for inflation to 2024 dollars; a figure ending in "+" was at the Census Bureau's reporting cap that year. The diversity score runs from 0 to 100; see how it's calculated.

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Neighborhoods in Columbus

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Compare Columbus to nearby cities

COLUMBUS VS
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Income$117,672+78%
Home value$583,300+131%
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COLUMBUS VS
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Home value$527,800+109%
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COLUMBUS VS
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Income$51,759−22%
Home value$159,600−37%
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COLUMBUS VS
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Home value$595,600+136%
Population35,893−96%
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Frequently asked

How many people live in Columbus, Ohio?

Columbus, Ohio has about 914,802 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Columbus, Ohio?

The typical household in Columbus, Ohio earns about $66,082 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Columbus, Ohio expensive?

In Columbus, Ohio, the median home is worth about $252,900, and the typical rent is about $1,295 a month.

How educated are people in Columbus, Ohio?

About 38.2% of adults age 25 and over in Columbus, Ohio hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Columbus, Ohio?

About 18.1% of people in Columbus, Ohio live below the federal poverty line.

Has Columbus, Ohio grown since 1990?

Yes, Columbus, Ohio has grown since 1990. The population has added about 281,844 residents, a change of about 45 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →

Columbus, Ohio: demographics, income & housing data · CensusEasy