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CITY

Greenfield

Massachusetts · 17,691 residents (2025 est.) · 21.413 sq mi
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The short version

Greenfield has notably lower household income than the US average, with a median household income of $55,614. Population has grown 29% since 2000. Median home value has more than doubled since 2000, reaching $263,100. With a median age of 44.6, the population is older than the US median of 38.9. Households here earn about 47% less than the Massachusetts median.

At a glance
Lower income
below the US median
US median: $82,259
Older
median age 44.6
US median: 38.9
Average education
39% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 46%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
17,664
+29%since 2000
from 13,716 in 2000
1990 – 2025
Population density
825 / sq mi
+29%since 2000
from 641 / sq mi in 2000
US average: 281
Median age
44.6
+16%since 2000
from 38.4 in 2000
US average: 38.9

PEP 2025 EST:17,691 residents (Census Bureau Vintage 2025, released March 2026)

Population, 1990 – 2024
13K14K15K17K18K199020202024Greenfield
202418K
199020202024
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$55,614
−1%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $30,939 in 2000
US average: $82,259
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$35,425
+96%since 2000
from $18,108 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
40.2%
+19.6 ptssince 2009
from 20.5% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
Poverty rate
15.2%
−0.5 ptssince 2000
from 15.7% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.448
+2%since 2021
from 0.440 in 2021
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Information11%
US avg: 10.8%
Retail trade8.1%
US avg: 9.9%
Wholesale trade6.3%
US avg: 6.9%
Other services5.7%
US avg: 6.7%
Public administration5.4%
US avg: 4.8%
Finance & insurance3.4%
US avg: 5.9%
Transportation & warehousing3.2%
US avg: 2.2%
Professional, scientific, technical2%
US avg: 5.1%
Education & health services1.3%
US avg: 0.9%
Arts, entertainment, food1%
US avg: 1.9%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing1%
US avg: 1.6%
Construction1%
US avg: 1.2%
Manufacturing0%
US avg: 0.4%
BARS: THIS PLACE · TICKS: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$263,100
+46%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $99,100 in 2000
US average: $376,019
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$1,107
+20%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $508 in 2000
US average: $1,442
Owner-occupied
55.7%
+9.1 ptssince 2000
from 46.6% in 2000
44.3% rent
Vacancy rate
6.2%
−0.9 ptssince 2009
from 7.1% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
Owner cost-burdened
28.2%
−5.5 ptssince 2009
from 33.8% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
Renter cost-burdened
60.6%
+14.0 ptssince 2009
from 46.6% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
Afford Score
4.7
+48%since 2000
from 3.2 in 2000
1990 – 2024
RELATED:See current rent listings in Greenfield on RentDataNow
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic91.6%(12,564)
Black1.3%(183)
Hispanic / Latino3.4%(471)
Asian1.2%(168)
Other0%
Diversity Score14.7%(2,014)
2024
White, non-Hispanic87%(15,361)
Black2.2%(396)
Hispanic / Latino5.8%(1,029)
Asian2.5%(440)
Other2.5%(438)
Diversity Score29.8%(5,269)
Diversity Score
30
+103%since 2000
from 15 in 2000
1990 – 2024
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
39.1%
+15.9 ptssince 2000
from 23.3% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
93.6%
+8.0 ptssince 2000
from 85.6% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
Graduate degree
17.0%
+7.5 ptssince 2000
from 9.5% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
17.4 min
+28%since 2000
from 13.7 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
Drive alone to work
70.1%
−8.9 ptssince 2009
from 79.0% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
Carpooled to work
10.2%
+1.7 ptssince 2009
from 8.5% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
Public transit
0.7%
−0.4 ptssince 2009
from 1.1% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
Worked from home
11.9%
+10.1 ptssince 2009
from 1.8% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
Walked to work
5.7%
−2.3 ptssince 2009
from 7.9% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
Biked to work
0.8%
+0.5 ptssince 2009
from 0.3% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
No vehicle available
15.0%
+2.8 ptssince 2009
from 12.2% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07

Work & employment

Unemployment rate
6.3%
+1.3 ptssince 2020
from 5.0% in 2020
US average: 5.2%
Labor force participation
58.5%
−2.2 ptssince 2020
from 60.7% in 2020
US average: 63.5%
Self-employed
16.5%
+1.7 ptssince 2009
from 14.8% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
Management & professional
45.1%
−20.3 ptssince 2009
from 65.4% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08

People & community

Male
48.7%
−0.6 ptssince 2009
from 49.3% in 2009
Female
51.3%
+0.6 ptssince 2009
from 50.7% in 2009
Foreign born
6.5%
+1.3 ptssince 2009
from 5.2% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
Veterans
5.6%
−42.4 ptssince 2009
from 48.0% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
With a disability
22.4%
+2.5 ptssince 2021
from 19.9% in 2021
US average: 13.3%
Uninsured
1.7%
−1.3 ptssince 2020
from 3.0% in 2020
US average: 8.4%
Broadband at home
91.3%
+4.4 ptssince 2021
from 86.9% in 2021
US average: 91.0%
English only at home
91.8%
−0.1 ptssince 2021
from 91.9% in 2021
US average: 77.7%
Spanish at home
3.2%
−0.8 ptssince 2021
from 3.9% in 2021
US average: 13.6%
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Frequently asked

How many people live in Greenfield, Massachusetts?

Greenfield, Massachusetts has about 17,664 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Greenfield, Massachusetts?

The typical household in Greenfield, Massachusetts earns about $55,614 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Greenfield, Massachusetts expensive?

In Greenfield, Massachusetts, the median home is worth about $263,100, and the typical rent is about $1,107 a month.

How educated are people in Greenfield, Massachusetts?

About 39.1% of adults age 25 and over in Greenfield, Massachusetts hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Greenfield, Massachusetts?

About 15.2% of people in Greenfield, Massachusetts live below the federal poverty line.

Has Greenfield, Massachusetts grown since 1990?

Yes, Greenfield, Massachusetts has grown since 1990. The population has added about 3,648 residents, a change of about 26 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →