CensusEasy
RANKING · 2020 CENSUS · 500 SHOWN OF 3,135

Most car-free households, US counties · 2020

US counties ranked by the share of households with no vehicle (2023 ACS).

All statesAll rankings
SAME RANKING BYCitiesStatesMetrosZIP codes
RELATEDLongest commutesShortest commutesMost car-dependentMost work-from-homeMost transit commutersMost walking commuters
YEAR201020202024
Filter by state
RANKPLACESTATEPOPNO VEHICLE AVAILABLEVS 2000
2001Logan County, OHOH46,3024.7%
2002Montezuma County, COCO26,6784.7%
2003Chelan County, WAWA81,9414.7%
2004Muhlenberg County, KYKY30,6344.7%
2005Fountain County, ININ17,0134.7%
2006Hall County, NENE63,6334.7%
2007Wood County, OHOH134,1764.7%
2008Rice County, MNMN69,9394.7%
2009Dade County, GAGA16,1544.7%
2010Florence County, WIWI4,7484.7%
2011Bourbon County, KSKS14,3194.7%
2012Perkins County, NENE2,8494.7%
2013Fairbanks North Star, AKAK93,9724.7%
2014Hughes County, OKOK13,4554.7%
2015Union County, TNTN21,4504.6%
2016Elmore County, ALAL91,5774.6%
2017Cherokee County, NCNC30,8304.6%
2018Caldwell County, TXTX55,1504.6%
2019Walton County, FLFL93,2884.6%
2020Northumberland County, VAVA12,5574.6%
2021Marion County, TNTN29,8044.6%
2022Eaton County, MIMI109,5814.6%
2023Ellis County, KSKS29,0754.6%
2024Williams County, OHOH36,5494.6%
2025Duplin County, NCNC51,5714.6%
2026Fannin County, GAGA26,1114.6%
2027Maui County, HIHI160,5924.6%
2028Crockett County, TNTN14,0064.6%
2029San Juan County, WAWA18,5774.6%
2030San Miguel County, COCO7,7534.6%
2031Panola County, TXTX23,0184.6%
2032Shelby County, MOMO5,8704.6%
2033Barnstable County, MAMA233,5394.6%
2034Laramie County, WYWY102,9384.6%
2035Baxter County, ARAR42,9824.6%
2036Union County, FLFL16,2504.6%
2037Putnam County, NYNY99,0284.6%
2038Ashe County, NCNC27,5144.6%
2039Brevard County, FLFL663,9824.6%
2040Geary County, KSKS36,3384.6%
2041Johnston County, NCNC256,4484.6%
2042Carroll County, ILIL15,4194.6%
2043Forest County, WIWI9,5744.6%
2044Faulkner County, ARAR133,9794.6%
2045Coryell County, TXTX85,5924.6%
2046Independence County, ARAR38,7854.6%
2047Sabine County, TXTX10,0124.6%
2048Catoosa County, GAGA69,6284.6%
2049Randolph County, ARAR18,8764.6%
2050Carroll County, VAVA29,2994.6%
2051Quay County, NMNM8,4544.6%
2052Sumner County, KSKS22,3124.6%
2053Greene County, GAGA21,3674.6%
2054St. Mary's County, MDMD116,6924.6%
2055Douglas County, WAWA46,4734.6%
2056Greene County, OHOH174,3224.6%
2057Houston County, GAGA178,2144.6%
2058Gallatin County, KYKY8,8404.6%
2059Caldwell Parish, LALA9,3444.6%
2060Cumberland County, TNTN66,3004.6%
2061Clark County, WAWA532,1194.6%
2062Lexington County, SCSC317,5884.6%
2063Walker County, GAGA70,2504.6%
2064Darke County, OHOH51,5204.5%
2065Nemaha County, KSKS10,0544.5%
2066Burleson County, TXTX20,5494.5%
2067Miami County, OHOH112,6344.5%
2068Horry County, SCSC427,5514.5%
2069Yell County, ARAR19,9564.5%
2070Robertson County, KYKY2,3254.5%
2071Albemarle County, VAVA118,3564.5%
2072Marion County, IAIA34,1924.5%
2073Wilkin County, MNMN6,2884.5%
2074Auglaize County, OHOH45,9094.5%
2075Garfield County, OKOK61,7794.5%
2076Pike County, ARAR9,9644.5%
2077Mason County, ILIL12,4114.5%
2078Doniphan County, KSKS7,5944.5%
2079Knox County, NENE8,3354.5%
2080Bear Lake County, IDID6,7274.5%
2081Clark County, ININ130,4514.5%
2082Columbia County, FLFL74,0944.5%
2083Essex County, VTVT6,0514.5%
2084Klickitat County, WAWA24,3314.5%
2085Tuscola County, MIMI52,6804.5%
2086Shelby County, IAIA11,6894.5%
2087Calloway County, KYKY39,4214.5%
2088Greene County, MSMS13,7074.5%
2089Bonner County, IDID54,4204.5%
2090Grainger County, TNTN25,7394.5%
2091Washington County, VAVA53,8984.5%
2092Sawyer County, WIWI18,8464.5%
2093Pierce County, NENE7,3784.5%
2094Sierra County, CACA3,0984.5%
2095Sullivan County, NHNH43,9614.5%
2096Marshall County, MNMN8,7984.5%
2097Burke County, NCNC88,6554.5%
2098Lancaster County, SCSC114,2964.5%
2099Fisher County, TXTX3,6924.5%
2100Cocke County, TNTN37,8894.5%
2101Palo Alto County, IAIA8,8994.5%
2102Randolph County, ININ24,4384.5%
2103Polk County, TXTX53,4344.5%
2104Jasper County, SCSC38,5334.5%
2105Union County, KYKY12,8394.5%
2106Lac qui Parle County, MNMN6,7044.5%
2107Kalkaska County, MIMI18,6934.5%
2108Marquette County, WIWI15,9274.5%
2109Shenandoah County, VAVA45,8394.5%
2110Fayette County, TNTN45,0714.5%
2111Reynolds County, MOMO5,9924.5%
2112Hardee County, FLFL25,9324.5%
2113Monroe County, TNTN49,7304.5%
2114Orange County, CACA3,149,5074.5%
2115Hoke County, NCNC56,9394.5%
2116Liberty County, GAGA70,3134.4%
2117Lake County, FLFL456,0684.4%
2118Polk County, NCNC20,5334.4%
2119Morton County, KSKS2,4704.4%
2120Clinton County, ILIL37,1284.4%
2121Lafayette County, MOMO33,5314.4%
2122Saratoga County, NYNY241,3434.4%
2123Johnson County, ILIL13,3634.4%
2124Burlington County, NJNJ481,4394.4%
2125Fulton County, ARAR12,4924.4%
2126Mercer County, MOMO3,4044.4%
2127Mountrail County, NDND9,3954.4%
2128Glacier County, MTMT13,4634.4%
2129Perry County, MOMO19,0934.4%
2130Colusa County, CACA21,8364.4%
2131Willacy County, TXTX19,9714.4%
2132Shawano County, WIWI41,5604.4%
2133Brown County, KSKS9,1044.4%
2134Evans County, GAGA11,0284.4%
2135Hand County, SDSD3,1214.4%
2136Williams County, NDND41,7674.4%
2137Kittson County, MNMN4,0314.4%
2138Virginia Beach, VAVA453,7374.4%
2139Coffey County, KSKS8,4674.4%
2140St. Lucie County, FLFL402,4494.4%
2141Caroline County, VAVA34,4134.4%
2142San Saba County, TXTX5,7874.4%
2143Perry County, TNTN9,1264.4%
2144Okanogan County, WAWA45,2304.4%
2145Catron County, NMNM3,8274.4%
2146Lee County, ALAL189,8814.4%
2147Saline County, ARAR133,2884.4%
2148Rusk County, WIWI14,1464.4%
2149Crawford County, ININ10,5094.4%
2150Madera County, CACA167,9274.4%
2151Payne County, OKOK83,8894.4%
2152Moore County, NCNC110,6194.4%
2153Sequatchie County, TNTN17,8614.4%
2154Cavalier County, NDND3,4974.4%
2155Lonoke County, ARAR76,6644.4%
2156Lewis County, NYNY26,4794.4%
2157Fairfax County, VAVA1,167,8734.4%
2158Costilla County, COCO3,6794.4%
2159Carver County, MNMN114,3794.4%
2160Livingston Parish, LALA155,0364.4%
2161Morgan County, GAGA22,0954.4%
2162Cooke County, TXTX44,4614.4%
2163Somerset County, NJNJ356,4864.4%
2164Levy County, FLFL48,5204.4%
2165Haywood County, NCNC63,3694.4%
2166Harford County, MDMD266,4464.4%
2167Becker County, MNMN35,4974.4%
2168Clinton County, MOMO21,6614.4%
2169Adams County, PAPA107,5944.4%
2170West Feliciana Parish, LALA15,1344.4%
2171Douglas County, KSKS120,9204.4%
2172Franklin County, NCNC82,0374.4%
2173Chester County, PAPA557,1164.4%
2174Perry County, MSMS11,5774.4%
2175Wallowa County, OROR7,5954.4%
2176Dakota County, MNMN457,7104.3%
2177Lawrence County, MSMS11,8194.3%
2178Morgan County, ALAL126,4834.3%
2179Kane County, ILIL525,7574.3%
2180Buena Vista County, IAIA20,4494.3%
2181Navarro County, TXTX57,1814.3%
2182Lake County, OHOH232,2174.3%
2183Tarrant County, TXTX2,248,4664.3%
2184Patrick County, VAVA17,4244.3%
2185Daniels County, MTMT1,6124.3%
2186Gasconade County, MOMO14,7844.3%
2187Anoka County, MNMN381,6054.3%
2188Kane County, UTUT8,5974.3%
2189Beaufort County, SCSC204,4334.3%
2190Plymouth County, IAIA25,6974.3%
2191Ellsworth County, KSKS6,2574.3%
2192Kiowa County, KSKS2,4324.3%
2193Fairfield County, OHOH169,7524.3%
2194Deschutes County, OROR213,0724.3%
2195Weber County, UTUT278,1744.3%
2196Golden Valley County, NDND1,8084.3%
2197Harrison County, IAIA14,6234.3%
2198Jefferson County, WAWA33,9704.3%
2199Ventura County, CACA830,8514.3%
2200Palo Pinto County, TXTX30,7914.3%
2201Tishomingo County, MSMS18,6394.3%
2202Adams County, WIWI21,7524.3%
2203Putnam County, WVWV56,8854.3%
2204Adams County, COCO554,6684.3%
2205Marin County, CACA253,6944.3%
2206Stevens County, WAWA49,6684.3%
2207Morgan County, TNTN22,1604.3%
2208Ritchie County, WVWV8,0344.3%
2209Washakie County, WYWY7,5974.3%
2210Washington County, COCO4,7324.3%
2211Clay County, MOMO265,0324.3%
2212Valley County, MTMT7,3854.3%
2213Madison County, ARAR18,4104.3%
2214Kanabec County, MNMN16,6284.3%
2215El Dorado County, CACA192,3234.3%
2216Haralson County, GAGA33,0664.3%
2217Monterey County, CACA433,7294.3%
2218Carroll County, MSMS9,2264.3%
2219Powell County, MTMT7,1574.3%
2220Cass County, MIMI51,6774.3%
2221Clark County, ILIL15,1144.3%
2222Franklin County, WAWA102,6124.2%
2223Macoupin County, ILIL43,7484.2%
2224Okaloosa County, FLFL221,8104.2%
2225Irion County, TXTX1,4634.2%
2226Kewaunee County, WIWI20,7584.2%
2227Chesapeake, VAVA255,3324.2%
2228Stark County, NDND34,0134.2%
2229White County, TNTN29,6124.2%
2230Putnam County, ININ37,8764.2%
2231Manassas, VAVA44,3324.2%
2232Pinal County, AZAZ539,3804.2%
2233Beadle County, SDSD19,6244.2%
2234Sweet Grass County, MTMT3,7624.2%
2235Winneshiek County, IAIA19,7334.2%
2236Chester County, TNTN17,9944.2%
2237Columbia County, ARAR21,8944.2%
2238Decatur County, ININ26,5764.2%
2239Moody County, SDSD6,6324.2%
2240Waupaca County, WIWI51,4614.2%
2241Stewart County, TNTN14,4394.2%
2242Carteret County, NCNC70,4694.2%
2243Sanders County, MTMT14,0624.2%
2244Union County, MSMS28,4594.2%
2245Webster County, NENE3,3364.2%
2246Deaf Smith County, TXTX18,6264.2%
2247Humboldt County, NVNV17,2674.2%
2248Marshall County, KSKS9,8524.2%
2249Pendleton County, KYKY14,8004.2%
2250Antrim County, MIMI24,6984.2%
2251Rice County, KSKS9,2664.2%
2252Grand County, UTUT9,7904.2%
2254Carroll County, MDMD176,6774.2%
2255Schuyler County, ILIL6,6574.2%
2256Cloud County, KSKS8,8334.2%
2257Benton County, WAWA221,7224.2%
2258Rabun County, GAGA17,7644.2%
2259Decatur County, KSKS2,7164.2%
2260Sheridan County, WYWY33,2414.2%
2261Austin County, TXTX33,6254.2%
2262Randolph County, NCNC149,5164.2%
2263Waseca County, MNMN18,6884.2%
2264Washington County, IAIA22,6674.2%
2265Chugach Census Area, AKAK6,5534.2%
2266Clay County, ILIL12,7934.2%
2267Fayette County, ILIL20,7904.2%
2268Hall County, TXTX2,7374.2%
2269Seward County, NENE18,0324.2%
2270St. Tammany Parish, LALA279,1084.2%
2271Osborne County, KSKS3,2854.1%
2272Gilmer County, GAGA33,8944.1%
2273Menard County, ILIL11,8634.1%
2274Manatee County, FLFL468,2004.1%
2275Glenn County, CACA28,1414.1%
2276Limestone County, TXTX22,8494.1%
2277Benton County, ININ8,8834.1%
2278Newaygo County, MIMI51,6224.1%
2279Montrose County, COCO44,5914.1%
2280Houston County, MNMN18,4004.1%
2281Jackson County, KSKS13,4384.1%
2282Webster County, GAGA2,3694.1%
2283Grayson County, TXTX153,6134.1%
2284Pepin County, WIWI7,5134.1%
2285Grundy County, ILIL54,0524.1%
2286Jones County, GAGA29,1714.1%
2287Pend Oreille County, WAWA14,4574.1%
2288Delaware County, OKOK41,9104.1%
2289Van Wert County, OHOH29,0134.1%
2290Monona County, IAIA8,5394.1%
2291Washington County, RIRI129,7954.1%
2292Grant County, MNMN6,0854.1%
2293Concho County, TXTX3,6074.1%
2294Duchesne County, UTUT20,8564.1%
2295McMinn County, TNTN57,4044.1%
2296Upshur County, TXTX44,4104.1%
2297Washington County, ALAL14,8224.1%
2298Llano County, TXTX23,3534.1%
2299Osage County, MOMO13,6114.1%
2300Larimer County, COCO377,2924.1%
2301Jackson County, MSMS147,6664.1%
2302Madison County, ALAL433,5164.1%
2303Brown County, MNMN25,5174.1%
2304Giles County, TNTN31,4334.1%
2305Rock County, MNMN9,5244.1%
2306Dearborn County, ININ51,6094.1%
2307Ransom County, NDND5,6174.1%
2308Sheridan County, KSKS2,4274.1%
2309Greeley County, KSKS1,1824.1%
2310Leavenworth County, KSKS84,5904.1%
2311Cannon County, TNTN15,2964.1%
2312Ottawa County, OHOH39,4814.1%
2313Chatham County, NCNC85,1114.1%
2314Yavapai County, AZAZ252,5524.1%
2315Montgomery County, IAIA10,0024.1%
2316Lake County, MTMT33,3924.1%
2317Metcalfe County, KYKY10,5834.1%
2318Garvin County, OKOK26,3774.1%
2319Lincoln County, NMNM19,8444.1%
2320Orange County, VTVT30,0024.1%
2321Adams County, IAIA3,6174.1%
2322Crawford County, ARAR62,6574.1%
2323Taney County, MOMO57,0014.1%
2324Cabarrus County, NCNC249,7254.1%
2325Rock County, NENE1,2594.1%
2326Lapeer County, MIMI89,5164.1%
2327Kittitas County, WAWA48,8034.0%
2328Union County, ARAR36,9264.0%
2329Custer County, NENE10,5004.0%
2330Traill County, NDND7,9204.0%
2331Newton County, ININ14,1884.0%
2332DuPage County, ILIL934,2984.0%
2333Motley County, TXTX1,0434.0%
2334Pershing County, NVNV6,4214.0%
2335Pocahontas County, IAIA6,8194.0%
2336Appomattox County, VAVA17,1724.0%
2337Berkeley County, SCSC274,6664.0%
2338Smith County, KSKS3,5664.0%
2339Hocking County, OHOH27,5124.0%
2340El Paso County, COCO757,0404.0%
2341Outagamie County, WIWI195,8944.0%
2342McPherson County, KSKS30,0644.0%
2343Mayes County, OKOK40,4164.0%
2344Platte County, MOMO114,4004.0%
2345Pulaski County, MOMO54,4424.0%
2346Greene County, ARAR47,4114.0%
2347Ottawa County, MIMI308,4594.0%
2348Teton County, MTMT6,4964.0%
2349Allamakee County, IAIA14,2384.0%
2350Oregon County, MOMO8,7094.0%
2351Pitkin County, COCO16,6254.0%
2352Sagadahoc County, MEME37,9794.0%
2353Frederick County, VAVA99,9554.0%
2354Augusta County, VAVA78,9404.0%
2355Nye County, NVNV57,3364.0%
2356Coffee County, TNTN62,4194.0%
2357Freestone County, TXTX20,8114.0%
2358Skagit County, WAWA132,9754.0%
2359Frederick County, MDMD302,8834.0%
2360Hamilton County, TXTX8,6804.0%
2361Bon Homme County, SDSD7,2444.0%
2362Columbia County, WIWI58,1324.0%
2363Teton County, WYWY23,3334.0%
2364Roanoke County, VAVA97,1504.0%
2365Gregory County, SDSD4,0374.0%
2366Vilas County, WIWI23,7614.0%
2367Elliott County, KYKY7,2654.0%
2368Murray County, OKOK13,8054.0%
2369Andrew County, MOMO18,2414.0%
2370Cuming County, NENE8,8234.0%
2371Riverside County, CACA2,544,9164.0%
2372Rooks County, KSKS4,6464.0%
2373Butts County, GAGA27,2184.0%
2374Limestone County, ALAL122,9284.0%
2375Wells County, ININ28,8834.0%
2376Anderson County, KSKS8,0184.0%
2377Isle of Wight County, VAVA41,3214.0%
2378Anderson County, KYKY25,2254.0%
2379Saguache County, COCO6,7324.0%
2380Linn County, MOMO11,8154.0%
2381Highland County, VAVA2,3184.0%
2382Washington County, NENE21,3024.0%
2383McNairy County, TNTN26,2363.9%
2384Henry County, ININ49,1373.9%
2385Ohio County, KYKY23,9343.9%
2386Bedford County, TNTN55,2733.9%
2387Rusk County, TXTX54,8543.9%
2388Hampshire County, WVWV24,1053.9%
2389Chippewa County, WIWI67,6143.9%
2390Butte County, IDID2,7833.9%
2391Henderson County, NCNC122,3753.9%
2392Henry County, KYKY16,4473.9%
2393Hancock County, KYKY9,0503.9%
2394West Baton Rouge Parish, LALA28,7563.9%
2395Johnston County, OKOK10,4483.9%
2396Stone County, MOMO32,5033.9%
2397Bastrop County, TXTX118,9083.9%
2398Montague County, TXTX21,9663.9%
2399Flathead County, MTMT115,4293.9%
2400Garza County, TXTX4,5103.9%
2401Onslow County, NCNC217,1753.9%
2402LaMoure County, NDND4,1353.9%
2403Tipton County, TNTN62,2873.9%
2404Lea County, NMNM74,7493.9%
2405Matanuska-Susitna, AKAK118,6663.9%
2406Lincoln County, NCNC98,6543.9%
2407Texas County, OKOK20,3223.9%
2408Marion County, KSKS11,6343.9%
2409Middlesex County, VAVA10,8413.9%
2410Blaine County, OKOK8,5153.9%
2411Santa Fe County, NMNM156,9073.9%
2412Jessamine County, KYKY57,1473.9%
2413Chisago County, MNMN59,1423.9%
2414Rains County, TXTX13,5423.9%
2415Walworth County, WIWI106,1273.9%
2416Loudon County, TNTN63,7643.9%
2417Carroll County, GAGA131,0363.9%
2418Chilton County, ALAL47,7083.9%
2419Love County, OKOK10,7803.9%
2420Huntington County, ININ37,2243.9%
2421Marshall County, ILIL11,4733.9%
2422Morrill County, NENE4,4043.9%
2423Clay County, ININ26,4103.9%
2424Campbell County, WYWY48,1453.9%
2425Itawamba County, MSMS24,1523.8%
2426Door County, WIWI30,6163.8%
2427Carroll County, NHNH52,7843.8%
2428Belknap County, NHNH65,1473.8%
2429Granite County, MTMT3,6583.8%
2430Carlton County, MNMN36,7113.8%
2431Paulding County, OHOH18,7273.8%
2432Oglethorpe County, GAGA16,4153.8%
2433Pierce County, GAGA20,7643.8%
2434Smith County, TXTX252,5493.8%
2435Russell County, KSKS6,5813.8%
2436Allegan County, MIMI123,1883.8%
2437Douglas County, SDSD2,8883.8%
2438Woodford County, ILIL38,1113.8%
2439Kingsbury County, SDSD5,2843.8%
2440Barry County, MOMO36,2003.8%
2441Cache County, UTUT145,0003.8%
2442Live Oak County, TXTX11,9293.8%
2443York County, SCSC306,8873.8%
2444Howard County, MDMD339,1833.8%
2445Washington County, MNMN286,8953.8%
2446McHenry County, ILIL317,7513.8%
2447Juab County, UTUT13,5673.8%
2448Lincoln County, MOMO66,6763.8%
2449Jefferson County, COCO580,4513.8%
2450Natrona County, WYWY80,5263.8%
2451Jefferson County, WIWI86,5053.8%
2452Payette County, IDID27,8243.8%
2453St. Charles Parish, LALA50,5863.8%
2454Gibson County, ININ33,0913.8%
2455Chickasaw County, IAIA11,6633.8%
2456Lawrence County, ILIL13,7903.8%
2457Rockdale County, GAGA98,4163.8%
2458Posey County, ININ24,9883.8%
2459Butler County, IAIA14,0493.8%
2460Sherburne County, MNMN104,1943.8%
2461Custer County, OKOK28,1753.8%
2462Mills County, IAIA14,7933.8%
2463Martin County, ININ9,8563.8%
2464Carroll County, ININ20,6553.8%
2465Garfield County, COCO63,4743.8%
2466Bryan County, GAGA52,0623.7%
2467Hutchinson County, TXTX19,6333.7%
2468Hitchcock County, NENE2,4673.7%
2469Mitchell County, KSKS5,5903.7%
2470Skamania County, WAWA12,6693.7%
2471Pike County, ININ12,0033.7%
2472Mason County, WAWA71,1653.7%
2473Montgomery County, TNTN249,9353.7%
2474Vermillion County, ININ15,4883.7%
2475Holt County, NENE10,0673.7%
2476La Salle County, TXTX6,5173.7%
2477San Luis Obispo County, CACA282,3673.7%
2478Anne Arundel County, MDMD603,3803.7%
2479Jackson County, ALAL54,2813.7%
2480Pawnee County, KSKS5,9913.7%
2481Prince George County, VAVA43,9363.7%
2482Lafayette County, FLFL8,7923.7%
2483Pierce County, WIWI43,5193.7%
2484McHenry County, NDND5,1303.7%
2485Placer County, CACA442,0813.7%
2486Wake County, NCNC1,257,2353.7%
2487Grand County, COCO16,4963.7%
2488San Juan County, COCO8133.7%
2489Hardin County, TXTX58,7233.7%
2490Hancock County, IAIA10,5283.7%
2491Tama County, IAIA16,7963.7%
2492Putnam County, ILIL5,6193.7%
2493Bartow County, GAGA120,8003.7%
2494Benzie County, MIMI18,5683.7%
2495Shelby County, OHOH48,0653.7%
2496Transylvania County, NCNC34,2113.7%
2497Titus County, TXTX31,5633.7%
2498Ada County, IDID546,1413.7%
2499Graham County, KSKS2,3713.7%
2500Uinta County, WYWY20,7283.7%
SHOWING 2,001–2,500 OF 3,135
1234567
Download CSV (full list, 3,135 rows)

UPDATED 2026-06-02 · DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR ESTIMATES