RANKING · 2020 CENSUS · 500 SHOWN OF 3,134

Largest Irish population, US counties · 2020

US counties ranked by the number of residents who are Irish ancestry, from the 2023 American Community Survey detailed-origin tables. Each list covers the full eligible universe; download the complete data as CSV. Cook County, Illinois leads at 448,570. 3,134 counties qualify in total. Massachusetts carries 5 of the top 25 entries.

All statesAll rankings

SAME RANKING BYCities States Metros

YEAR2010 2020 2024

RANKPLACESTATEPOPIRISH POPULATIONVS 2000

01Cook County, ILIL5,194,625448,570–

02Maricopa County, AZAZ4,689,558375,649–

03Los Angeles County, CACA9,694,934361,825–

04Middlesex County, MAMA1,669,979309,773–

05Suffolk County, NYNY1,546,090261,068–

06San Diego County, CACA3,282,248247,004–

07Allegheny County, PAPA1,225,035208,482–

08Harris County, TXTX5,045,026201,692–

09Orange County, CACA3,149,507201,599–

10King County, WAWA2,344,939197,972–

11Norfolk County, MAMA739,749179,598–

12Nassau County, NYNY1,398,939178,525–

13Montgomery County, PAPA877,643167,521–

14Philadelphia County, PAPA1,574,281160,283–

15Essex County, MAMA826,653158,420–

16Clark County, NVNV2,407,226158,224–

17Plymouth County, MAMA546,829155,515–

18Franklin County, OHOH1,361,536153,404–

19Worcester County, MAMA888,502152,533–

20Bucks County, PAPA647,828149,819–

21Erie County, NYNY946,741149,406–

22Tarrant County, TXTX2,248,466148,350–

23Cuyahoga County, OHOH1,232,925146,457–

24Oakland County, MIMI1,288,337138,330–

25Riverside County, CACA2,544,916137,036–

26Delaware County, PAPA580,937135,420–

27Monmouth County, NJNJ651,035131,343–

28DuPage County, ILIL934,298129,954–

29St. Louis County, MOMO990,911129,335–

30Hennepin County, MNMN1,284,784128,534–

31Wayne County, MIMI1,769,038123,387–

32Palm Beach County, FLFL1,575,726123,168–

33Ocean County, NJNJ673,746121,857–

34Pinellas County, FLFL948,563121,508–

35Hillsborough County, FLFL1,574,115116,118–

36Dallas County, TXTX2,661,397113,545–

37New York County, NYNY1,664,862113,165–

38Westchester County, NYNY1,015,743112,906–

39San Bernardino County, CACA2,224,091111,748–

40Chester County, PAPA557,116111,461–

41Fairfax County, VAVA1,167,873110,396–

42Sacramento County, CACA1,618,460109,066–

43Broward County, FLFL2,013,317105,135–

44Monroe County, NYNY750,506104,879–

45Bergen County, NJNJ977,026104,224–

46Suffolk County, MAMA791,891104,001–

47Hamilton County, OHOH838,418102,436–

48Will County, ILIL712,253101,054–

49Bristol County, MAMA593,640100,772–

50Travis County, TXTX1,389,67097,786–

51Wake County, NCNC1,257,23597,177–

52Baltimore County, MDMD847,65097,058–

53Kings County, NYNY2,653,96396,320–

54Bexar County, TXTX2,160,08895,823–

55Pima County, AZAZ1,074,68593,829–

56Alameda County, CACA1,636,63092,844–

57Jefferson County, KYKY795,22292,618–

58Camden County, NJNJ535,79992,041–

59Pierce County, WAWA946,28891,347–

60Contra Costa County, CACA1,170,07091,119–

61Onondaga County, NYNY466,58491,020–

62Santa Clara County, CACA1,914,39189,513–

63Macomb County, MIMI886,22187,918–

64Multnomah County, OROR795,39187,081–

65Johnson County, KSKS636,90687,074–

66Morris County, NJNJ524,25186,859–

67Hillsborough County, NHNH433,41586,566–

68Queens County, NYNY2,358,18285,995–

69Orange County, FLFL1,528,00284,504–

70Burlington County, NJNJ481,43983,724–

71Montgomery County, MDMD1,074,58283,202–

72Mecklenburg County, NCNC1,233,38382,808–

73Providence County, RIRI678,17982,636–

74Anne Arundel County, MDMD603,38081,749–

75Marion County, ININ992,19680,285–

76Snohomish County, WAWA870,65680,088–

77Brevard County, FLFL663,98279,995–

78Lee County, FLFL875,60779,656–

79Gloucester County, NJNJ312,63877,782–

80Collin County, TXTX1,297,17977,746–

81Jackson County, MOMO732,99477,113–

82Douglas County, NENE606,46076,505–

83New Castle County, DEDE588,02676,026–

84Duval County, FLFL1,062,96375,707–

85Rockingham County, NHNH324,07775,365–

86Milwaukee County, WIWI924,21675,130–

87Jefferson County, COCO580,45174,980–

88Lake County, ILIL719,33974,175–

89El Paso County, COCO757,04074,130–

90Denton County, TXTX1,069,34673,925–

91Middlesex County, NJNJ883,33573,835–

92Denver County, COCO740,61372,381–

93Summit County, OHOH538,37671,532–

94Dane County, WIWI590,37568,833–

95Spokane County, WAWA558,34468,404–

96Pasco County, FLFL674,51668,185–

97Hampden County, MAMA464,33867,163–

98San Francisco County, CACA826,07967,092–

99Tulsa County, OKOK698,78266,314–

100Arapahoe County, COCO673,82065,290–

101St. Charles County, MOMO426,49965,094–

102Ventura County, CACA830,85164,898–

103Salt Lake County, UTUT1,220,91664,657–

104Kent County, MIMI675,23264,522–

105Oklahoma County, OKOK822,12562,965–

106Albany County, NYNY321,22562,649–

107Polk County, IAIA516,54662,597–

108Sonoma County, CACA486,44461,682–

109Fulton County, GAGA1,098,79160,723–

110Westmoreland County, PAPA349,32460,387–

111Montgomery County, OHOH539,59859,939–

112Kane County, ILIL525,75759,742–

113Cobb County, GAGA793,34558,044–

114Cumberland County, MEME317,22257,674–

115Washington County, OROR611,70857,501–

116Barnstable County, MAMA233,53957,036–

117Montgomery County, TXTX781,19456,843–

118Ramsey County, MNMN541,62355,960–

119Dutchess County, NYNY300,70855,750–

120Lancaster County, PAPA563,15955,642–

121Luzerne County, PAPA332,12655,627–

122York County, PAPA473,19755,193–

123San Mateo County, CACA743,56854,618–

124Saratoga County, NYNY241,34354,259–

125Volusia County, FLFL606,57354,166–

126Davidson County, TNTN745,90454,111–

127Orange County, NYNY417,66953,589–

128Waukesha County, WIWI417,21053,380–

129Lackawanna County, PAPA216,50252,887–

130Polk County, FLFL874,79052,539–

131Stark County, OHOH373,77152,287–

132Dakota County, MNMN457,71051,968–

133Clark County, WAWA532,11951,853–

134McHenry County, ILIL317,75151,182–

135Richmond County, NYNY501,29051,018–

136Sedgwick County, KSKS538,43350,293–

137Greenville County, SCSC583,12550,192–

138Ada County, IDID546,14150,109–

139Seminole County, FLFL491,88450,039–

140Lucas County, OHOH423,34750,030–

141Lake County, ININ504,61249,949–

142Sarasota County, FLFL479,95849,897–

143Bernalillo County, NMNM667,60149,868–

144Lane County, OROR381,58449,857–

145Williamson County, TXTX752,82749,835–

146District of Columbia, DCDC693,64549,498–

147Washoe County, NVNV509,38648,944–

148Knox County, TNTN511,45348,418–

149Manatee County, FLFL468,20048,231–

150Shelby County, TNTN910,22647,540–

151Fresno County, CACA1,035,45647,118–

152Gwinnett County, GAGA1,018,09946,939–

153Virginia Beach, VAVA453,73746,578–

154Larimer County, COCO377,29245,663–

155Clackamas County, OROR426,28044,905–

156Butler County, OHOH400,12844,621–

157Douglas County, COCO399,39644,198–

158Lorain County, OHOH323,21943,926–

159Berks County, PAPA440,07243,396–

160Union County, NJNJ601,86343,141–

161Kern County, CACA927,06843,099–

162Essex County, NJNJ896,37942,589–

163Erie County, PAPA265,83242,360–

164Placer County, CACA442,08142,357–

165Adams County, COCO554,66841,884–

166San Joaquin County, CACA823,81541,872–

167Lake County, FLFL456,06841,734–

168Jefferson County, ALAL665,74241,663–

169Genesee County, MIMI401,09341,464–

170Loudoun County, VAVA449,74941,297–

171Atlantic County, NJNJ278,65741,286–

172Collier County, FLFL417,13141,197–

173Horry County, SCSC427,55140,904–

174Lake County, OHOH232,21740,780–

175Hamilton County, ININ387,03640,754–

176Northampton County, PAPA324,41140,531–

177Rensselaer County, NYNY160,51040,205–

178Marion County, FLFL442,66039,836–

179Harford County, MDMD266,44639,811–

180Mercer County, NJNJ399,28939,382–

181Kent County, RIRI173,49539,073–

182Hudson County, NJNJ735,03339,071–

183Lehigh County, PAPA384,38338,967–

184Somerset County, NJNJ356,48638,936–

185Rockland County, NYNY357,39738,908–

186Washtenaw County, MIMI370,21438,888–

187Anoka County, MNMN381,60538,210–

188Boulder County, COCO328,56038,091–

189Honolulu County, HIHI988,70338,054–

190York County, MEME222,43437,967–

191Sussex County, DEDE277,14037,747–

192Charleston County, SCSC436,20037,447–

193Hamilton County, TNTN390,83337,361–

194Butler County, PAPA200,16937,056–

195Prince William County, VAVA502,96636,521–

196Kitsap County, WAWA283,37436,471–

197Ulster County, NYNY183,33036,397–

198Mobile County, ALAL411,65836,381–

199Pinal County, AZAZ539,38035,906–

200Lancaster County, NENE334,04935,895–

201Allen County, ININ402,32935,761–

202Broome County, NYNY195,73635,428–

203Fayette County, KYKY329,75135,355–

204Madison County, ALAL433,51635,130–

205Thurston County, WAWA304,26135,008–

206Frederick County, MDMD302,88334,938–

207Washington County, PAPA210,80234,305–

208San Luis Obispo County, CACA282,36734,215–

209Passaic County, NJNJ531,62434,168–

210Madison County, ILIL263,11034,165–

211Miami-Dade County, FLFL2,802,02934,127–

212Jefferson County, MOMO233,13234,066–

213St. Lucie County, FLFL402,44933,914–

214Cumberland County, PAPA277,27033,805–

215Baltimore, MDMD569,99733,794–

216Stanislaus County, CACA557,71933,732–

217Mahoning County, OHOH224,70633,567–

218Howard County, MDMD339,18333,497–

219Winnebago County, ILIL283,67433,453–

220Santa Barbara County, CACA442,06533,224–

221St. Tammany Parish, LALA279,10833,172–

222Yavapai County, AZAZ252,55232,910–

223Oneida County, NYNY226,39232,881–

224Warren County, OHOH257,18132,856–

225Niagara County, NYNY208,91232,584–

226Fort Bend County, TXTX975,19132,454–

227Marin County, CACA253,69432,432–

228Linn County, IAIA232,02832,411–

229Ingham County, MIMI289,70932,246–

230St. Johns County, FLFL346,32832,200–

231Washington County, RIRI129,79532,169–

232Clay County, MOMO265,03232,085–

233DeKalb County, GAGA774,39432,081–

234Guilford County, NCNC562,23432,003–

235Weld County, COCO378,42631,862–

236Jefferson Parish, LALA431,39831,830–

237Washington County, MNMN286,89531,550–

238St. Joseph County, ININ272,86131,461–

239Delaware County, OHOH242,03231,326–

240Utah County, UTUT759,85930,964–

241Cleveland County, OKOK303,97330,889–

242Escambia County, FLFL333,83430,889–

243Galveston County, TXTX372,20730,885–

244Greene County, MOMO309,28630,847–

245Sussex County, NJNJ148,06330,594–

246Marion County, OROR355,77730,504–

247Carroll County, MDMD176,67730,467–

248Cherokee County, GAGA299,27330,211–

249Chittenden County, VTVT169,11529,816–

250Medina County, OHOH185,02529,764–

251Pulaski County, ARAR404,61129,702–

252Rutherford County, TNTN386,35229,604–

253Lexington County, SCSC317,58829,551–

254Arlington County, VAVA243,93129,392–

255Hampshire County, MAMA164,06529,174–

256Solano County, CACA455,37629,167–

257Chatham County, GAGA311,85529,122–

258Kalamazoo County, MIMI263,79529,079–

259St. Louis, MOMO278,14428,924–

260Clermont County, OHOH216,97728,740–

261Chesterfield County, VAVA397,14828,609–

262Forsyth County, NCNC401,71828,572–

263Kenton County, KYKY175,77928,564–

264Santa Cruz County, CACA258,85228,267–

265Onslow County, NCNC217,17528,245–

266Livingston County, MIMI197,31528,245–

267Merrimack County, NHNH158,07827,966–

268Cape May County, NJNJ93,39027,887–

269York County, SCSC306,88727,690–

270Deschutes County, OROR213,07227,586–

271Dauphin County, PAPA293,35127,275–

272Schenectady County, NYNY162,58127,259–

273Portage County, OHOH163,40427,187–

274Spartanburg County, SCSC380,85727,115–

275Scott County, IAIA175,25927,100–

276Strafford County, NHNH135,04327,022–

277Beaver County, PAPA166,03226,919–

278Buncombe County, NCNC277,41726,832–

279Jackson County, OROR221,79526,826–

280Anchorage, AKAK287,15526,526–

281Bell County, TXTX402,24826,449–

282Brazoria County, TXTX419,08026,332–

283Williamson County, TNTN272,06126,253–

284Martin County, FLFL166,27225,977–

285Licking County, OHOH185,56425,947–

286Hernando County, FLFL221,70125,795–

287Washington County, ARAR271,21325,785–

288Porter County, ININ176,04925,663–

289Ottawa County, MIMI308,45925,662–

290Bronx County, NYNY1,406,33225,660–

291Brown County, WIWI275,80325,632–

292Henrico County, VAVA342,77525,568–

293McLean County, ILIL171,41925,319–

294Clay County, FLFL239,59325,287–

295Schuylkill County, PAPA145,08525,283–

296Okaloosa County, FLFL221,81025,157–

297Mohave County, AZAZ228,10224,974–

298Sangamon County, ILIL194,17024,571–

299New Hanover County, NCNC245,95924,523–

300Penobscot County, MEME157,96724,500–

301Alachua County, FLFL290,02824,496–

302Forsyth County, GAGA282,80524,043–

303Hunterdon County, NJNJ131,78123,847–

304Kent County, DEDE194,78623,836–

305Leon County, FLFL299,04823,832–

306St. Clair County, ILIL250,70823,760–

307East Baton Rouge Parish, LALA456,18023,759–

308Sarpy County, NENE208,30323,747–

309Beaufort County, SCSC204,43323,673–

310Oswego County, NYNY118,56923,658–

311Prince George's County, MDMD970,37423,389–

312Monroe County, PAPA167,17923,363–

313Shelby County, ALAL238,55223,280–

314McLennan County, TXTX272,02023,115–

315Butte County, CACA209,21123,012–

316Jackson County, MIMI159,55222,990–

317Charlotte County, FLFL217,21222,858–

318Rock County, WIWI166,47222,735–

319Cumberland County, NCNC338,47322,689–

320Greene County, OHOH174,32222,542–

321Cambria County, PAPA128,96822,496–

322Santa Rosa County, FLFL211,11522,315–

323Champaign County, ILIL209,97222,179–

324Berkshire County, MAMA128,22422,097–

325Union County, NCNC267,67422,067–

326Warren County, NJNJ112,95322,003–

327Boone County, MOMO191,74621,918–

328Orleans Parish, LALA362,15421,749–

329Peoria County, ILIL178,55321,739–

330Baldwin County, ALAL267,76121,693–

331Richland County, SCSC434,95621,665–

332Indian River County, FLFL172,79921,475–

333Lubbock County, TXTX328,90621,352–

334Fayette County, PAPA123,02121,341–

335Benton County, ARAR332,55421,299–

336Chesapeake, VAVA255,33221,293–

337Citrus County, FLFL171,66621,266–

338Minnehaha County, SDSD212,69121,154–

339Boone County, KYKY145,31621,095–

340Benton County, WAWA221,72221,016–

341Whatcom County, WAWA236,39220,986–

342Fairfield County, OHOH169,75220,959–

343Trumbull County, OHOH198,97220,909–

344El Dorado County, CACA192,32320,788–

345Davis County, UTUT381,22720,762–

346Bay County, FLFL204,47920,667–

347Blair County, PAPA119,54120,531–

348St. Clair County, MIMI160,48620,477–

349Tippecanoe County, ININ190,45620,445–

350Vanderburgh County, ININ181,99520,248–

351Centre County, PAPA157,39320,221–

352Shasta County, CACA181,64820,205–

353Kanawha County, WVWV172,38120,152–

354Kootenai County, IDID191,86420,109–

355Racine County, WIWI198,91920,056–

356Putnam County, NYNY99,02820,016–

357Johnson County, IAIA160,04419,942–

358Montgomery County, TNTN249,93519,928–

359Durham County, NCNC347,24019,864–

360El Paso County, TXTX877,85819,726–

361Monterey County, CACA433,72919,668–

362Anderson County, SCSC219,93019,664–

363Dubuque County, IAIA99,38119,650–

364LaSalle County, ILIL107,77319,584–

365Kennebec County, MEME129,06719,520–

366Berkeley County, SCSC274,66619,511–

367Norfolk, VAVA231,01319,502–

368Yellowstone County, MTMT172,69219,493–

369Mesa County, COCO162,84519,400–

370Sumter County, FLFL157,77219,116–

371Sullivan County, TNTN163,75919,045–

372Newport County, RIRI83,05119,015–

373Iredell County, NCNC211,79818,985–

374Kenosha County, WIWI168,44818,959–

375Sumner County, TNTN215,53818,909–

376Ontario County, NYNY113,13018,823–

377Hays County, TXTX304,39018,659–

378Johnston County, NCNC256,44818,631–

379Saginaw County, MIMI187,68818,434–

380Clark County, OHOH135,34018,408–

381St. Louis County, MNMN200,51818,394–

382Kendall County, ILIL145,47018,250–

383Hall County, GAGA226,56818,196–

384Cecil County, MDMD107,13118,179–

385Missoula County, MTMT123,51318,173–

386Monroe County, MIMI156,00418,137–

387Brazos County, TXTX249,08818,050–

388Outagamie County, WIWI195,89418,033–

389Wood County, OHOH134,17618,006–

390Mercer County, PAPA107,86017,813–

391Winnebago County, WIWI174,21817,776–

392Jefferson County, NYNY111,54017,671–

393Olmsted County, MNMN166,73117,615–

394Rock Island County, ILIL141,86917,602–

395St. Mary's County, MDMD116,69217,589–

396Osceola County, FLFL481,71817,580–

397Alexandria, VAVA160,66217,572–

398Smith County, TXTX252,54917,487–

399Berkeley County, WVWV139,52217,458–

400Tulare County, CACA485,14617,423–

401Brunswick County, NCNC174,70217,284–

402Monroe County, ININ143,34517,277–

403Canyon County, IDID275,12317,186–

404Johnson County, ININ174,26217,176–

405Berrien County, MIMI152,44417,149–

406Shawnee County, KSKS178,60717,129–

407Gaston County, NCNC246,55817,001–

408Cayuga County, NYNY74,36516,889–

409Yolo County, CACA224,41016,818–

410Harrison County, MSMS217,13616,809–

411Scott County, MNMN159,01716,717–

412Weber County, UTUT278,17416,676–

413Franklin County, PAPA160,65216,666–

414Aiken County, SCSC181,51516,405–

415Elkhart County, ININ208,77416,395–

416Washington County, MDMD157,73116,384–

417Livingston Parish, LALA155,03616,324–

418Wilson County, TNTN175,03316,314–

419La Crosse County, WIWI121,33916,265–

420Chautauqua County, NYNY124,12616,200–

421Cabarrus County, NCNC249,72516,187–

422DeSoto County, MSMS197,91816,166–

423Tazewell County, ILIL130,04916,108–

424Douglas County, KSKS120,92016,049–

425Spotsylvania County, VAVA155,38816,018–

426Paulding County, GAGA190,99615,912–

427Hendricks County, ININ193,51015,904–

428Steuben County, NYNY91,85515,822–

429Black Hawk County, IAIA131,53215,801–

430Nueces County, TXTX352,99215,725–

431Orange County, NCNC152,49815,715–

432Dorchester County, SCSC178,39715,713–

433Lycoming County, PAPA112,58715,707–

434Clark County, ININ130,45115,682–

435Androscoggin County, MEME116,48715,679–

436Columbiana County, OHOH99,37715,651–

437St. Lawrence County, NYNY105,48815,612–

438Richmond, VAVA237,25715,574–

439Franklin County, MOMO108,09015,570–

440Jefferson County, TXTX254,32115,525–

441Pueblo County, COCO169,27715,516–

442Stafford County, VAVA170,80315,495–

443DeKalb County, ILIL101,83515,443–

444Gallatin County, MTMT128,74015,423–

445Ellis County, TXTX240,86715,357–

446Humboldt County, CACA131,64715,238–

447Campbell County, KYKY95,44115,199–

448Monongalia County, WVWV107,99115,153–

449Washington County, WIWI139,23815,149–

450Cass County, NDND201,79415,057–

451Lawrence County, PAPA83,91114,968–

452Grayson County, TXTX153,61314,867–

453Washington County, UTUT213,67014,841–

454Eaton County, MIMI109,58114,798–

455Cowlitz County, WAWA114,88514,771–

456Platte County, MOMO114,40014,736–

457LaPorte County, ININ111,29414,655–

458Tuscaloosa County, ALAL241,36814,645–

459Chemung County, NYNY80,41514,611–

460Washington County, TNTN141,19914,585–

461Pennington County, SDSD116,79214,426–

462Calcasieu Parish, LALA208,46614,383–

463Muskegon County, MIMI177,90114,332–

464Calhoun County, MIMI133,40814,313–

465Cumberland County, NJNJ157,14814,309–

466Canadian County, OKOK187,18914,259–

467Grafton County, NHNH93,22514,160–

468Pickens County, SCSC139,19814,136–

469Walworth County, WIWI106,12714,043–

470Jasper County, MOMO127,42814,035–

471Wayne County, NYNY91,25014,026–

472Douglas County, OROR111,95114,018–

473Wright County, MNMN157,55913,983–

474Davidson County, NCNC180,18213,983–

475Saline County, ARAR133,28813,971–

476Kankakee County, ILIL105,52513,952–

477Warren County, NYNY65,02013,949–

478Cattaraugus County, NYNY75,39013,911–

479Cheshire County, NHNH78,26913,892–

480Comal County, TXTX209,16613,877–

481Lee County, ALAL189,88113,875–

482Cass County, MOMO115,85913,870–

483Parker County, TXTX184,76713,849–

484Flathead County, MTMT115,42913,816–

485Calvert County, MDMD94,48413,779–

486Lebanon County, PAPA146,38013,713–

487Henderson County, NCNC122,37513,632–

488Yakima County, WAWA259,18513,557–

489Crawford County, PAPA81,79213,498–

490Blount County, TNTN143,82013,479–

491Henry County, GAGA264,92213,455–

492Warren County, KYKY149,37513,404–

493Tangipahoa Parish, LALA141,34613,342–

494Rankin County, MSMS162,18113,323–

495Linn County, OROR132,84313,312–

496Pike County, PAPA62,80813,248–

497Skagit County, WAWA132,97513,242–

498Grand Traverse County, MIMI96,72913,234–

499Columbia County, GAGA169,18913,214–

500Lafayette Parish, LALA257,94913,112–

SHOWING 1–500 OF 3,134

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Download CSV (full list, 3,134 rows)

UPDATED 2026-06-06 · DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR ESTIMATES

Frequently asked

Which county has the highest irish population?

Cook County, Illinois ranks #1 with 448,570 (2020 American Community Survey).

What are the top 5 counties by irish population?

Cook County, Illinois, Maricopa County, Arizona, Los Angeles County, California, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Suffolk County, New York.

How many counties are in this ranking?

3,134 counties qualify after filtering for population minimums and data availability. The ranking covers 2020 ACS 5-year data.

How is irish population measured?

Number of residents who are Irish ancestry (Ancestry, ACS detailed tables). Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2020).