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COUNTY

District of Columbia

District of Columbia · 693,645 residents (2025 est.) · 61.1 sq mi
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Part of the Washington metro area
The short version

District of Columbia is a county of 681,294 people in District of Columbia. 64% of adults hold a bachelor's degree, against 36% nationally. Owners hold 42% of the housing stock. Home values have more than tripled since 2000, reaching $737,100. Few US counties rank higher on income. Density works out to 11,146 people per square mile.

At a glance
Wealthier
median household income $109,870, above the US median
US median: $82,259
Younger
median age 34.9
US median: 38.9
More educated
64% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 164%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Unique to this place

What stands out about District of Columbia

What changed most since 1990

  • White share27.4% → 36.5% (+9.1 pts)US over the same years: −17.8 pts
  • Black share65.3% → 41.6% (−23.7 pts)US over the same years: +0.2 pts
  • Median home value (2024 dollars)$292,088 → $737,100 (+152%)US over the same years: +67%
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
681,294
+19%since 2000
from 572,059 in 2000
693,645 in 2025 (Census Bureau estimate)
1990 – 2025
Population density
11,146 / sq mi
+19%since 2000
from 9,359 / sq mi in 2000
US average: 281
Median age
34.9
+1%since 2000
from 34.6 in 2000
US average: 38.9
Land area
61.1 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
560K596K632K669K705K19902000201020202024District of Columbia
2024681K
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2024
Under 55.9%(40,453)
US avg: 5.6%
5 to 95.4%(36,783)
US avg: 6%
10 to 144.9%(33,200)
US avg: 6.4%
15 to 195.3%(36,239)
US avg: 6.6%
20 to 246.7%(45,700)
US avg: 6.5%
25 to 3422%(150,199)
US avg: 13.7%
35 to 4416.7%(113,747)
US avg: 13.2%
45 to 5410.6%(72,373)
US avg: 12.2%
55 to 649.6%(65,441)
US avg: 12.7%
65 to 747.4%(50,502)
US avg: 10.2%
75 to 844%(27,107)
US avg: 5.1%
85 and over1.4%(9,550)
US avg: 1.9%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$109,870
+50%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $40,127 in 2000
US average: $82,259
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$77,348
+170%since 2000
from $28,659 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
63.9%
+24.5 ptssince 2009
from 39.3% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
Poverty rate
15.4%
−4.8 ptssince 2000
from 20.2% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.517
−3%since 2010
from 0.535 in 2010
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Other services6%
US avg: 6.7%
Information4.5%
US avg: 10.8%
Arts, entertainment, food3.7%
US avg: 1.9%
Public administration3.6%
US avg: 4.8%
Finance & insurance2.7%
US avg: 5.9%
Professional, scientific, technical2.4%
US avg: 5.1%
Wholesale trade2.3%
US avg: 6.9%
Retail trade1.4%
US avg: 9.9%
Transportation & warehousing0.6%
US avg: 2.2%
Education & health services0.2%
US avg: 0.9%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing0.1%
US avg: 1.6%
Construction0.1%
US avg: 1.2%
Manufacturing0%
US avg: 0.4%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$737,100
+164%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $153,500 in 2000
US average: $376,019
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$1,954
+74%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $618 in 2000
US average: $1,442
Owner-occupied
41.5%
+0.7 ptssince 2000
from 40.8% in 2000
58.5% rent
Vacancy rate
10.1%
−1.5 ptssince 2009
from 11.6% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
Persons per household
1.99 people
−10%since 2009
from 2.21 people in 2009
US average: 2.54
Owner cost-burdened
21.8%
−10.1 ptssince 2009
from 31.9% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
Renter cost-burdened
44.3%
−1.2 ptssince 2009
from 45.5% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
Afford Score
6.7
−14%since 2009
from 7.8 in 2009
1990 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Gentrification Score
80
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means faster recent growth in incomes, home values, and college degrees.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic27.8%(159,178)
Black59.4%(340,088)
Hispanic / Latino7.9%(44,953)
Asian2.6%(15,039)
Other0%
2024
White, non-Hispanic36.5%(248,392)
Black41.6%(283,502)
Hispanic / Latino11.9%(81,152)
Asian4.3%(29,294)
Other5.7%(38,954)
Diversity Score
84
+14%since 2009
from 74 in 2009
1990 – 2024
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means a more even mix of racial and ethnic groups.
Segregation Score
51
−8%since 2020
from 56 in 2020
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means White and non-White residents are more separated across neighborhoods.
Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Central American4.2%(28,446)
Salvadoran2.7%(18,098)
Mexican2.4%(16,516)
South American2.4%(16,184)
Puerto Rican0.8%(5,371)
Colombian0.7%(5,060)
Guatemalan0.7%(5,039)
Dominican0.5%(3,453)
Spaniard0.5%(3,258)
Cuban0.5%(3,100)
Peruvian0.4%(2,688)
Honduran0.4%(2,436)
+ 10 more hispanic origin groups with data
Argentine0.3%(1,979)
Venezuelan0.3%(1,879)
Ecuadorian0.2%(1,644)
Chilean0.2%(1,266)
Costa Rican0.1%(853)
Nicaraguan0.1%(851)
Panamanian0.1%(780)
Bolivian0.1%(773)
Uruguayan0.1%(421)
Paraguayan0%(295)
Asian origin
Asian Indian1.2%(8,197)
Chinese1%(6,695)
Korean0.5%(3,452)
Filipino0.4%(2,453)
Vietnamese0.3%(2,295)
Japanese0.2%(1,206)
Taiwanese0.1%(687)
Pakistani0.1%(680)
Nepalese0.1%(509)
Bangladeshi0.1%(453)
Indonesian0.1%(408)
Burmese0%(268)
+ 10 more asian origin groups with data
Thai0%(252)
Cambodian0%(130)
Sri Lankan0%(130)
Kazakh0%(126)
Laotian0%(34)
Uzbek0%(31)
Okinawan0%(28)
Hmong0%(12)
Pacific Islander origin
Chamorro0%(198)
Samoan0%(76)
Guamanian0%(51)
Tongan0%(13)
Ancestry
Irish8.1%(55,299)
German7.8%(52,902)
English7.1%(48,479)
Italian4.6%(31,565)
Subsaharan African4.4%(29,664)
American3%(20,229)
Polish2.3%(15,592)
West Indian1.9%(13,111)
French1.6%(11,160)
Scottish1.6%(10,661)
Ethiopian1.4%(9,569)
Russian1.3%(9,064)
+ 51 more ancestry groups with data
Jamaican1%(7,007)
Arab1%(6,895)
British0.8%(5,114)
Swedish0.7%(5,097)
Dutch0.7%(4,613)
Norwegian0.7%(4,449)
Nigerian0.6%(4,162)
Ukrainian0.6%(3,984)
Scotch-Irish0.6%(3,785)
Greek0.5%(3,557)
Iranian0.4%(3,059)
Welsh0.4%(2,645)
Hungarian0.4%(2,617)
Lebanese0.4%(2,539)
Czech0.3%(2,378)
Austrian0.3%(2,328)
Lithuanian0.3%(2,184)
Danish0.3%(2,171)
French Canadian0.3%(2,016)
Haitian0.3%(2,008)
Swiss0.3%(1,829)
Portuguese0.2%(1,668)
Brazilian0.2%(1,636)
Romanian0.2%(1,552)
Turkish0.2%(1,445)
Slovak0.2%(1,329)
Finnish0.2%(1,101)
Canadian0.1%(1,019)
Ghanaian0.1%(993)
Guyanese0.1%(966)
Croatian0.1%(949)
Syrian0.1%(923)
Armenian0.1%(898)
Moroccan0.1%(662)
Egyptian0.1%(647)
Belgian0.1%(633)
Latvian0.1%(592)
Bulgarian0.1%(548)
Israeli0.1%(548)
Palestinian0.1%(526)
Kenyan0.1%(463)
Slovene0.1%(412)
Serbian0.1%(378)
Barbadian0%(264)
Australian0%(256)
Iraqi0%(252)
Macedonian0%(133)
Jordanian0%(112)
Somali0%(97)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
64.2%
+25.2 ptssince 2000
from 39.1% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
92.7%
+14.8 ptssince 2000
from 77.8% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
Graduate degree
38.0%
+17.0 ptssince 2000
from 21.0% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
30.0 min
+54%since 2000
from 19.4 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
Drive alone to work
27.4%
−9.6 ptssince 2009
from 36.9% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
Carpooled to work
4.0%
−2.9 ptssince 2009
from 6.9% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
Public transit
20.3%
−16.8 ptssince 2009
from 37.1% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
Worked from home
33.0%
+28.3 ptssince 2009
from 4.7% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
Walked to work
9.5%
−1.8 ptssince 2009
from 11.3% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
Biked to work
3.3%
+1.4 ptssince 2009
from 1.9% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
No vehicle available
36.0%
+0.5 ptssince 2009
from 35.5% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07

Work & employment

Unemployment rate
6.3%
−3.7 ptssince 2011
from 10.0% in 2011
US average: 5.2%
Labor force participation
71.6%
+4.4 ptssince 2011
from 67.2% in 2011
US average: 63.5%
Women 20-64 in the labor force
82.8%
+1.4 ptssince 2020
from 81.4% in 2020
US average: 74.6%
Self-employed
14.2%
−0.6 ptssince 2009
from 14.8% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
Management & professional
71.7%
+15.9 ptssince 2009
from 55.8% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08

People & community

Male
47.5%
+0.4 ptssince 2009
from 47.2% in 2009
Female
52.5%
−0.4 ptssince 2009
from 52.8% in 2009
Foreign born
14.3%
+1.8 ptssince 2009
from 12.5% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
Veterans
3.5%
−3.8 ptssince 2009
from 7.3% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
With a disability
11.5%
+0.2 ptssince 2012
from 11.3% in 2012
US average: 13.3%
Uninsured
3.6%
−3.1 ptssince 2013
from 6.7% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Broadband at home
91.2%
+13.6 ptssince 2017
from 77.6% in 2017
US average: 91.0%
Computer in household
96.5%
+3.5 ptssince 2020
from 93.0% in 2020
US average: 95.5%
Same house as last year
80.2%
−0.5 ptssince 2020
from 80.7% in 2020
US average: 87.7%
English only at home
80.9%
−1.7 ptssince 2016
from 82.6% in 2016
US average: 77.7%
Spanish at home
9.4%
+0.6 ptssince 2016
from 8.8% in 2016
US average: 13.6%
Marital status
Men 15+
Never married54.9%(146,972)
Married36.3%(97,142)
Widowed1.8%(4,830)
Divorced7%(18,829)
Women 15+
Never married56%(169,635)
Married28.8%(87,421)
Widowed5.3%(16,209)
Divorced9.8%(29,820)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Uninsured
3.6%
−3.1 ptssince 2013
from 6.7% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
61.7%
+2.2 ptssince 2020
from 59.5% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
11.8%
−1.6 ptssince 2020
from 13.4% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
13.2%
Unchangedsince 2020
from 13.2% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
24.9%
−1.3 ptssince 2020
from 26.2% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
1.2%
−0.1 ptssince 2020
from 1.3% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
71.5%
+0.7 ptssince 2020
from 70.8% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
34.4%
−1.1 ptssince 2020
from 35.5% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)37.3%(7,258)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)21.2%(4,123)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era28%(5,456)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War6%(1,165)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II1%(188)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 19,465 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Over time

District of Columbia, decade by decade

District of Columbia population, inflation-adjusted income and home value, education, and diversity by year
YearPopulationMedian household incomeMedian home valueBachelor's degree+Diversity score
1990606,900$73,747$292,08833.3%61.9
2000572,059$73,098$279,62439.1%70.2
2010601,723$84,194$637,71849.2%77.3
2020689,545$110,104$749,16159.8%84.0
2024681,294$109,870$737,10064.2%84.3

Census years come from the decennial census and the latest year from the American Community Survey, so part of any change between those two rows can reflect the different surveys. Dollar figures are adjusted for inflation to 2024 dollars; a figure ending in "+" was at the Census Bureau's reporting cap that year. The diversity score runs from 0 to 100; see how it's calculated.

Drill deeper

Places similar to District of Columbia

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Pop 712,253
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Pop 719,339
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Pop 636,906
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Pop 752,827
Places similar to District of Columbia
Head to head

Compare District of Columbia to nearby counties

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA VS
Arlington County
Income$142,114+29%
Home value$895,000+21%
Population243,931−65%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA VS
Alexandria
Income$119,681+9%
Home value$735,100same
Population160,662−77%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA VS
Falls Church
Income$143,262+30%
Home value$1,055,600+43%
Population15,159−98%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA VS
Prince George's County
Income$101,798−7%
Home value$426,000−42%
Population970,374+40%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
Frequently asked

How many people live in District of Columbia, District of Columbia?

District of Columbia, District of Columbia has about 681,294 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in District of Columbia, District of Columbia?

The typical household in District of Columbia, District of Columbia earns about $109,870 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is District of Columbia, District of Columbia expensive?

In District of Columbia, District of Columbia, the median home is worth about $737,100, and the typical rent is about $1,954 a month.

How educated are people in District of Columbia, District of Columbia?

About 64.2% of adults age 25 and over in District of Columbia, District of Columbia hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in District of Columbia, District of Columbia?

About 15.4% of people in District of Columbia, District of Columbia live below the federal poverty line.

Has District of Columbia, District of Columbia grown since 1990?

Yes, District of Columbia, District of Columbia has grown since 1990. The population has added about 74,394 residents, a change of about 12 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →