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COUNTY

Jefferson County

Alabama · 665,742 residents (2025 est.) · 1,112 sq mi
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Part of the Birmingham metro area
The short version

Jefferson County is home to 667,755 people in Alabama. 5% of people here were born outside the United States. The typical home is worth $240,000, having more than doubled since 2000. The median household earns $66,388, about 19% below the national median. 15.7% of people here live below the federal poverty line. There are 601 people per square mile.

At a glance
Lower income
below the US median
US median: $82,259
Mid-age
median age 37.7
US median: 38.9
Average education
36% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 50%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
667,755
+1%since 2000
from 662,047 in 2000
665,742 in 2025 (Census Bureau estimate)
1990 – 2025
Population density
601 / sq mi
+1%since 2009
from 596 / sq mi in 2009
US average: 281
Median age
37.7
+5%since 2000
from 36.0 in 2000
US average: 38.9
Land area
1,112 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
649K656K663K670K677K19902000201020202024Jefferson County
2024668K
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2024
Under 56.1%(40,753)
US avg: 5.6%
5 to 96.4%(42,767)
US avg: 6%
10 to 146.5%(43,376)
US avg: 6.4%
15 to 196.7%(44,591)
US avg: 6.6%
20 to 246.5%(43,231)
US avg: 6.5%
25 to 3414.1%(94,173)
US avg: 13.7%
35 to 4413%(86,896)
US avg: 13.2%
45 to 5411.8%(78,792)
US avg: 12.2%
55 to 6412.1%(81,108)
US avg: 12.7%
65 to 7410.3%(68,562)
US avg: 10.2%
75 to 844.6%(30,693)
US avg: 5.1%
85 and over1.9%(12,813)
US avg: 1.9%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$66,388
−1%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $36,868 in 2000
US average: $82,259
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$41,013
+96%since 2000
from $20,892 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
45.0%
+17.7 ptssince 2009
from 27.3% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
Poverty rate
15.7%
+0.9 ptssince 2000
from 14.8% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.508
+3%since 2010
from 0.492 in 2010
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Information11.1%
US avg: 10.8%
Retail trade8.7%
US avg: 9.9%
Other services8.7%
US avg: 6.7%
Public administration6.9%
US avg: 4.8%
Finance & insurance6.7%
US avg: 5.9%
Wholesale trade5.6%
US avg: 6.9%
Professional, scientific, technical5%
US avg: 5.1%
Transportation & warehousing2.2%
US avg: 2.2%
Arts, entertainment, food1.7%
US avg: 1.9%
Education & health services1.7%
US avg: 0.9%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing0.6%
US avg: 1.6%
Manufacturing0.3%
US avg: 0.4%
Construction0.3%
US avg: 1.2%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$240,000
+50%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $88,100 in 2000
US average: $376,019
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$1,193
+31%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $500 in 2000
US average: $1,442
Owner-occupied
63.9%
−2.6 ptssince 2000
from 66.5% in 2000
36.1% rent
Vacancy rate
13.2%
+0.2 ptssince 2009
from 13.0% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
Persons per household
2.40 people
Unchangedsince 2009
from 2.41 people in 2009
US average: 2.54
Owner cost-burdened
19.7%
−6.9 ptssince 2009
from 26.7% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
Renter cost-burdened
49.3%
+3.5 ptssince 2009
from 45.8% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
Afford Score
3.6
+22%since 2009
from 3.0 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Gentrification Score
53
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means faster recent growth in incomes, home values, and college degrees.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic57.4%(379,707)
Black39.2%(259,623)
Hispanic / Latino1.6%(10,284)
Asian0.9%(5,909)
Other0%
2024
White, non-Hispanic47.5%(317,409)
Black42.1%(281,174)
Hispanic / Latino5.5%(36,545)
Asian1.9%(12,366)
Other3%(20,261)
Diversity Score
74
+9%since 2009
from 68 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means a more even mix of racial and ethnic groups.
Segregation Score
56
−4%since 2020
from 58 in 2020
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means White and non-White residents are more separated across neighborhoods.
Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Mexican3.3%(22,067)
Central American0.8%(5,509)
South American0.5%(3,186)
Guatemalan0.4%(2,640)
Puerto Rican0.3%(2,303)
Honduran0.2%(1,317)
Colombian0.2%(1,124)
Salvadoran0.2%(1,031)
Cuban0.1%(936)
Venezuelan0.1%(874)
Spaniard0.1%(712)
Chilean0.1%(436)
+ 9 more hispanic origin groups with data
Ecuadorian0%(288)
Peruvian0%(201)
Dominican0%(181)
Argentine0%(169)
Panamanian0%(167)
Nicaraguan0%(120)
Bolivian0%(27)
Asian origin
Asian Indian0.7%(4,383)
Chinese0.4%(2,922)
Korean0.2%(1,221)
Vietnamese0.1%(943)
Filipino0.1%(696)
Pakistani0.1%(581)
Japanese0.1%(540)
Malaysian0%(254)
Taiwanese0%(218)
Thai0%(199)
Nepalese0%(107)
Laotian0%(28)
+ 4 more asian origin groups with data
Pacific Islander origin
Samoan0%(114)
Fijian0%(51)
Chamorro0%(34)
Ancestry
American10.7%(71,524)
English10.3%(68,667)
Irish5.5%(36,920)
German4.6%(30,917)
Scottish2.1%(14,072)
Italian1.8%(12,064)
Subsaharan African1.7%(11,410)
Scotch-Irish1.2%(7,978)
French1%(6,355)
Arab0.6%(4,034)
Dutch0.5%(3,073)
Polish0.4%(2,861)
+ 46 more ancestry groups with data
Welsh0.3%(2,245)
British0.3%(2,004)
West Indian0.3%(1,899)
Norwegian0.2%(1,637)
Swedish0.2%(1,599)
Lebanese0.2%(1,251)
Russian0.2%(1,205)
Nigerian0.2%(1,194)
Greek0.2%(1,136)
Jamaican0.2%(1,021)
Moroccan0.1%(935)
Swiss0.1%(857)
Hungarian0.1%(826)
Finnish0.1%(744)
Kenyan0.1%(735)
Portuguese0.1%(603)
Austrian0.1%(538)
Palestinian0.1%(509)
Iranian0.1%(481)
Belgian0.1%(478)
Romanian0.1%(457)
Czech0.1%(418)
Danish0.1%(397)
Guyanese0.1%(392)
Egyptian0.1%(391)
Haitian0.1%(355)
Turkish0%(323)
Lithuanian0%(317)
Ukrainian0%(315)
Syrian0%(304)
Brazilian0%(295)
Canadian0%(287)
Croatian0%(252)
Slovak0%(169)
Bulgarian0%(130)
Jordanian0%(125)
Slovene0%(106)
Latvian0%(68)
Ethiopian0%(62)
Serbian0%(50)
Somali0%(22)
Iraqi0%(9)
Israeli0%(9)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
36.2%
+11.6 ptssince 2000
from 24.6% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
91.2%
+10.3 ptssince 2000
from 80.9% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
Graduate degree
14.8%
+6.1 ptssince 2000
from 8.7% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
24.1 min
+58%since 2000
from 15.3 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
Drive alone to work
77.3%
−6.3 ptssince 2009
from 83.6% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
Carpooled to work
8.2%
−2.8 ptssince 2009
from 11.0% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
Public transit
0.6%
−0.6 ptssince 2009
from 1.1% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
Worked from home
11.1%
+8.8 ptssince 2009
from 2.3% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
Walked to work
1.6%
+0.2 ptssince 2009
from 1.3% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
Biked to work
0.2%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 0.1% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
No vehicle available
7.0%
−1.0 ptssince 2009
from 8.0% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07

Work & employment

Unemployment rate
4.7%
−4.6 ptssince 2011
from 9.3% in 2011
US average: 5.2%
Labor force participation
61.5%
−1.7 ptssince 2011
from 63.2% in 2011
US average: 63.5%
Women 20-64 in the labor force
73.1%
+1.3 ptssince 2020
from 71.8% in 2020
US average: 74.6%
Self-employed
13.1%
−0.7 ptssince 2009
from 13.8% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
Management & professional
43.0%
+7.9 ptssince 2009
from 35.1% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08

People & community

Male
47.5%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 47.4% in 2009
Female
52.5%
−0.1 ptssince 2009
from 52.6% in 2009
Foreign born
4.9%
+1.1 ptssince 2009
from 3.8% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
Veterans
5.7%
−4.8 ptssince 2009
from 10.5% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
With a disability
15.4%
+1.2 ptssince 2012
from 14.2% in 2012
US average: 13.3%
Uninsured
9.4%
−3.4 ptssince 2013
from 12.8% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Broadband at home
90.4%
+17.4 ptssince 2017
from 73.0% in 2017
US average: 91.0%
Computer in household
95.4%
+5.7 ptssince 2020
from 89.7% in 2020
US average: 95.5%
Same house as last year
87.1%
+2.3 ptssince 2020
from 84.8% in 2020
US average: 87.7%
English only at home
92.4%
−1.7 ptssince 2016
from 94.0% in 2016
US average: 77.7%
Spanish at home
4.6%
+1.1 ptssince 2016
from 3.4% in 2016
US average: 13.6%
Marital status
Men 15+
Never married39.2%(99,012)
Married47.5%(119,919)
Widowed3%(7,642)
Divorced10.2%(25,729)
Women 15+
Never married35.4%(102,232)
Married41.1%(118,653)
Widowed9.9%(28,495)
Divorced13.6%(39,177)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Uninsured
9.4%
−3.4 ptssince 2013
from 12.8% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
54.3%
−1.5 ptssince 2020
from 55.8% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
13.3%
−0.1 ptssince 2020
from 13.4% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
18.8%
+0.3 ptssince 2020
from 18.5% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
20.8%
+1.1 ptssince 2020
from 19.7% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
2.4%
−0.4 ptssince 2020
from 2.8% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
65.4%
−2.2 ptssince 2020
from 67.6% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
36.7%
+1.3 ptssince 2020
from 35.4% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)22.9%(6,724)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)24.2%(7,090)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era32.2%(9,451)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War4%(1,168)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II1.3%(396)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 29,334 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Drill deeper

Places similar to Jefferson County

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Pop 667,601
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Pop 698,782
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Pop 674,516
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Pop 732,994
Places similar to Jefferson County
Head to head

Compare Jefferson County to nearby counties

JEFFERSON COUNTY VS
Shelby County
Income$97,961+48%
Home value$326,100+36%
Population238,552−64%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
JEFFERSON COUNTY VS
Walker County
Income$56,509−15%
Home value$135,900−43%
Population65,140−90%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
JEFFERSON COUNTY VS
Blount County
Income$64,190−3%
Home value$175,200−27%
Population60,156−91%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
JEFFERSON COUNTY VS
St. Clair County
Income$77,463+17%
Home value$226,300−6%
Population98,206−85%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
Frequently asked

How many people live in Jefferson County, Alabama?

Jefferson County, Alabama has about 667,755 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Jefferson County, Alabama?

The typical household in Jefferson County, Alabama earns about $66,388 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Jefferson County, Alabama expensive?

In Jefferson County, Alabama, the median home is worth about $240,000, and the typical rent is about $1,193 a month.

How educated are people in Jefferson County, Alabama?

About 36.2% of adults age 25 and over in Jefferson County, Alabama hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Jefferson County, Alabama?

About 15.7% of people in Jefferson County, Alabama live below the federal poverty line.

Has Jefferson County, Alabama grown since 1990?

Yes, Jefferson County, Alabama has grown since 1990. The population has added about 16,230 residents, a change of about 2 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →