COUNTY · 1990 CENSUS

Jefferson County

Alabama · 651,525 residents · 1,112 sq mi

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The short version

With 651,525 people, Jefferson County is a county in Alabama. The typical home is worth $58,000. The median household earns $25,858, about 14% below the national median. The population has held roughly steady since 2000. About 20% of adults have finished a four-year degree.

At a glance

Lower income

below the US median

US median: $30,130

Mid-age

median age 34.1

US median: 33.0

Average education

20% hold a bachelor's degree

US average: 20%

More affordable

home values down 13%, inflation adjusted

US median home: $93,722

Section 01

Population & growth

Total population

651,525

−2%vs 2000

vs 662,047 in 2000

1990 – 2025

Median age

34.1

−5%vs 2000

vs 36.0 in 2000

US average: 33.0

Land area

1,112 sq mi

Population, 1990 – 2024

2024668K

Age distribution, 1990

Under 56.9%(44,982)

US avg: 7.3%

5 to 97.1%(46,239)

US avg: 7.3%

10 to 146.9%(44,840)

US avg: 6.9%

15 to 196.9%(44,759)

US avg: 7.1%

20 to 246.9%(44,997)

US avg: 7.5%

25 to 3416.8%(109,774)

US avg: 17.5%

35 to 4415.4%(100,126)

US avg: 15.1%

45 to 549.9%(64,659)

US avg: 10.2%

55 to 649.1%(59,401)

US avg: 8.5%

65 to 748.1%(52,618)

US avg: 7.3%

75 to 844.6%(29,999)

US avg: 4%

85 and over1.4%(9,131)

US avg: 1.2%

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Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income

$25,858

−8%inflation adjusted, since 2000

vs $36,868 in 2000

US average: $30,130

1990 – 2024

Per capita income

$13,277

−36%vs 2000

vs $20,892 in 2000

US average: $14,340

Poverty rate

16.0%

+1.2 ptsvs 2000

vs 14.8% in 2000

US average: 13.2%

Section 03

Housing

Median home value

$58,000

−13%inflation adjusted, since 2000

vs $88,100 in 2000

US average: $93,722

1990 – 2024

Median gross rent

$358

−6%inflation adjusted, since 2000

vs $500 in 2000

US average: $450

Owner-occupied

65.3%

−1.2 ptsvs 2000

vs 66.5% in 2000

34.7% rent

Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000

White, non-Hispanic57.4%(379,707)

Black39.2%(259,623)

Hispanic / Latino1.6%(10,284)

Asian0.9%(5,909)

Other0%

1990

White, non-Hispanic64.1%(417,881)

Black35%(228,187)

Hispanic / Latino0.4%(2,628)

Asian0.6%(3,643)

Other0.3%(1,814)

No data for the years selected.

Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Detailed origin tables are available for 2024; showing 2024 data.

Hispanic origin

Mexican3.3%(22,067)

Central American0.8%(5,509)

South American0.5%(3,186)

Guatemalan0.4%(2,640)

Puerto Rican0.3%(2,303)

Honduran0.2%(1,317)

Colombian0.2%(1,124)

Salvadoran0.2%(1,031)

Cuban0.1%(936)

Venezuelan0.1%(874)

Spaniard0.1%(712)

Chilean0.1%(436)

+ 9 more hispanic origin groups with data

Ecuadorian0%(288)

Peruvian0%(201)

Dominican0%(181)

Argentine0%(169)

Panamanian0%(167)

Nicaraguan0%(120)

Costa Rican0%(109)

Bolivian0%(27)

Paraguayan0%(20)

Asian origin

Asian Indian0.7%(4,383)

Chinese0.4%(2,922)

Korean0.2%(1,221)

Vietnamese0.1%(943)

Filipino0.1%(696)

Pakistani0.1%(581)

Japanese0.1%(540)

Malaysian0%(254)

Taiwanese0%(218)

Thai0%(199)

Nepalese0%(107)

Laotian0%(28)

+ 4 more asian origin groups with data

Hmong0%(15)

Indonesian0%(6)

Kazakh0%(6)

Bangladeshi0%(4)

Pacific Islander origin

Native Hawaiian0.1%(393)

Samoan0%(114)

Fijian0%(51)

Chamorro0%(34)

Ancestry

American10.7%(71,524)

English10.3%(68,667)

Irish5.5%(36,920)

German4.6%(30,917)

Scottish2.1%(14,072)

Italian1.8%(12,064)

Subsaharan African1.7%(11,410)

Scotch-Irish1.2%(7,978)

French1%(6,355)

Arab0.6%(4,034)

Dutch0.5%(3,073)

Polish0.4%(2,861)

+ 46 more ancestry groups with data

Welsh0.3%(2,245)

British0.3%(2,004)

West Indian0.3%(1,899)

Norwegian0.2%(1,637)

Swedish0.2%(1,599)

Lebanese0.2%(1,251)

Russian0.2%(1,205)

Nigerian0.2%(1,194)

Greek0.2%(1,136)

Jamaican0.2%(1,021)

Moroccan0.1%(935)

Swiss0.1%(857)

Hungarian0.1%(826)

Finnish0.1%(744)

Kenyan0.1%(735)

French Canadian0.1%(640)

Portuguese0.1%(603)

Austrian0.1%(538)

Palestinian0.1%(509)

Iranian0.1%(481)

Belgian0.1%(478)

Romanian0.1%(457)

Czech0.1%(418)

Danish0.1%(397)

Guyanese0.1%(392)

Egyptian0.1%(391)

Haitian0.1%(355)

Turkish0%(323)

Lithuanian0%(317)

Ukrainian0%(315)

Syrian0%(304)

Brazilian0%(295)

Canadian0%(287)

Croatian0%(252)

Slovak0%(169)

Bulgarian0%(130)

Jordanian0%(125)

Slovene0%(106)

Australian0%(75)

Latvian0%(68)

Ethiopian0%(62)

Serbian0%(50)

Somali0%(22)

Iraqi0%(9)

Israeli0%(9)

Barbadian0%(9)

RANKED:Largest American population · Largest English population · Largest Irish population · Largest German population · Largest Mexican population

Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher

19.9%

−4.7 ptsvs 2000

vs 24.6% in 2000

US average: 20.3%

High school or higher

73.8%

−7.0 ptsvs 2000

vs 80.9% in 2000

US average: 75.2%

Graduate degree

6.9%

−1.9 ptsvs 2000

vs 8.7% in 2000

US average: 7.1%

Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute

20.0 min

+31%vs 2000

vs 15.3 min in 2000

US average: 21.9

Section 07

Work & employment

No data for the years selected.

Section 08

People & community

No data for the years selected.

Marital status (2024)

Men 15+

Never married39.2%(99,012)

Married47.5%(119,919)

Widowed3%(7,642)

Divorced10.2%(25,729)

Women 15+

Never married35.4%(102,232)

Married41.1%(118,653)

Widowed9.9%(28,495)

Divorced13.6%(39,177)

SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024

Section 09

Health coverage

Showing 2024 (the nearest year with coverage data).

Uninsured

9.4%

−3.4 ptssince 2013

from 12.8% in 2013

US average: 8.4%

Employer-based

54.3%

−1.5 ptssince 2020

from 55.8% in 2020

US average: 54.8%

Direct-purchase

13.3%

−0.1 ptssince 2020

from 13.4% in 2020

US average: 13.8%

Medicare

18.8%

+0.3 ptssince 2020

from 18.5% in 2020

US average: 18.4%

Medicaid

20.8%

+1.1 ptssince 2020

from 19.7% in 2020

US average: 20.9%

VA health care

2.4%

−0.4 ptssince 2020

from 2.8% in 2020

US average: 2.2%

Any private

65.4%

−2.2 ptssince 2020

from 67.6% in 2020

US average: 67.1%

Any public

36.7%

+1.3 ptssince 2020

from 35.4% in 2020

US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024

Gulf War (2001 or later)22.9%(6,724)

US avg: 26.4%

Gulf War (1990s)24.2%(7,090)

US avg: 24.3%

Vietnam era32.2%(9,451)

US avg: 33.1%

Korean War4%(1,168)

US avg: 4.5%

World War II1.3%(396)

US avg: 1%

Share of the 29,334 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

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