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COUNTY

Cumberland County

Pennsylvania · 277,270 residents (2025 est.) · 545 sq mi
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The short version

Cumberland County is home to 268,323 people in Pennsylvania. Few US counties rank higher on income. Growth has run 26% since 2000, or 54,649 more people. 8% of residents were born outside the United States. Owners hold 71% of the housing stock. Home values have more than doubled since 2000, reaching $277,600.

At a glance
Wealthier
above the US median
US median: $82,259
Mid-age
median age 40.2
US median: 38.9
More educated
40% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 31%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
268,323
+26%since 2000
from 213,674 in 2000
277,270 in 2025 (Census Bureau estimate)
1990 – 2025
Population density
492 / sq mi
+18%since 2009
from 418 / sq mi in 2009
US average: 281
Median age
40.2
+6%since 2000
from 38.1 in 2000
US average: 38.9
Land area
545 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
188K210K232K254K276K19902000201020202024Cumberland County
2024268K
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2024
Under 55.2%(14,067)
US avg: 5.6%
5 to 95.7%(15,182)
US avg: 6%
10 to 146%(16,003)
US avg: 6.4%
15 to 197.1%(19,148)
US avg: 6.6%
20 to 246.4%(17,180)
US avg: 6.5%
25 to 3412.7%(34,085)
US avg: 13.7%
35 to 4413.3%(35,557)
US avg: 13.2%
45 to 5412%(32,222)
US avg: 12.2%
55 to 6412.6%(33,893)
US avg: 12.7%
65 to 7410.8%(29,067)
US avg: 10.2%
75 to 845.4%(14,451)
US avg: 5.1%
85 and over2.8%(7,468)
US avg: 1.9%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$87,494
+3%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $46,707 in 2000
US average: $82,259
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$46,149
+95%since 2000
from $23,610 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
57.5%
+19.5 ptssince 2009
from 38.0% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
Poverty rate
7.5%
+0.9 ptssince 2000
from 6.6% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.425
+4%since 2010
from 0.409 in 2010
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Information11.7%
US avg: 10.8%
Retail trade7.7%
US avg: 9.9%
Finance & insurance7.4%
US avg: 5.9%
Professional, scientific, technical6.8%
US avg: 5.1%
Other services6.7%
US avg: 6.7%
Public administration5.7%
US avg: 4.8%
Wholesale trade4.8%
US avg: 6.9%
Transportation & warehousing2.3%
US avg: 2.2%
Arts, entertainment, food1.4%
US avg: 1.9%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing0.9%
US avg: 1.6%
Construction0.9%
US avg: 1.2%
Education & health services0.6%
US avg: 0.9%
Manufacturing0.1%
US avg: 0.4%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$277,600
+31%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $116,500 in 2000
US average: $376,019
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$1,249
+19%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $576 in 2000
US average: $1,442
Owner-occupied
71.3%
−1.7 ptssince 2000
from 73.1% in 2000
28.7% rent
Vacancy rate
4.4%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 4.4% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
Persons per household
2.40 people
+2%since 2009
from 2.36 people in 2009
US average: 2.54
Owner cost-burdened
18.2%
−2.5 ptssince 2009
from 20.7% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
Renter cost-burdened
39.5%
+4.7 ptssince 2009
from 34.8% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
Afford Score
3.2
+13%since 2009
from 2.8 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Gentrification Score
45
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means faster recent growth in incomes, home values, and college degrees.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic93.6%(199,925)
Black2.3%(4,959)
Hispanic / Latino1.3%(2,883)
Asian1.7%(3,556)
Other0%
2024
White, non-Hispanic80.7%(216,534)
Black4.1%(11,002)
Hispanic / Latino5.1%(13,809)
Asian5.7%(15,263)
Other4.4%(11,715)
Diversity Score
42
+108%since 2009
from 20 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means a more even mix of racial and ethnic groups.
Segregation Score
29
−10%since 2020
from 32 in 2020
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means White and non-White residents are more separated across neighborhoods.
Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Puerto Rican2.1%(5,589)
Mexican1.2%(3,244)
South American0.6%(1,599)
Dominican0.4%(991)
Spaniard0.2%(614)
Peruvian0.1%(381)
Cuban0.1%(366)
Colombian0.1%(314)
Salvadoran0.1%(289)
Venezuelan0.1%(272)
Ecuadorian0.1%(265)
+ 8 more hispanic origin groups with data
Guatemalan0.1%(250)
Argentine0.1%(204)
Honduran0.1%(182)
Chilean0%(89)
Uruguayan0%(40)
Asian origin
Asian Indian2.7%(7,259)
Chinese0.5%(1,328)
Filipino0.5%(1,251)
Vietnamese0.4%(1,043)
Korean0.3%(717)
Pakistani0.2%(661)
Nepalese0.2%(643)
Laotian0.2%(618)
Bhutanese0.1%(379)
Japanese0.1%(236)
Kazakh0.1%(209)
Cambodian0.1%(140)
+ 6 more asian origin groups with data
Bangladeshi0.1%(139)
Thai0%(95)
Burmese0%(57)
Taiwanese0%(15)
Pacific Islander origin
Guamanian0%(37)
Fijian0%(7)
Ancestry
German28.3%(76,025)
Irish13%(34,946)
English10%(26,735)
Italian6.7%(17,893)
American4.6%(12,373)
Polish3.1%(8,297)
Scottish2.3%(6,108)
French2%(5,419)
Welsh1.4%(3,714)
Dutch1.2%(3,166)
Scotch-Irish1.1%(2,980)
Arab1.1%(2,825)
+ 49 more ancestry groups with data
Swedish0.7%(1,961)
Norwegian0.7%(1,816)
Swiss0.6%(1,577)
Russian0.6%(1,542)
Slovak0.6%(1,497)
British0.6%(1,494)
Ukrainian0.6%(1,489)
Hungarian0.6%(1,485)
Greek0.5%(1,415)
Lithuanian0.3%(908)
West Indian0.3%(854)
Austrian0.3%(723)
Lebanese0.3%(721)
Moroccan0.2%(653)
Czech0.2%(599)
Croatian0.2%(598)
Egyptian0.2%(540)
Nigerian0.2%(454)
Finnish0.1%(382)
Belgian0.1%(352)
Romanian0.1%(341)
Jamaican0.1%(325)
Serbian0.1%(295)
Haitian0.1%(261)
Portuguese0.1%(250)
Somali0.1%(234)
Slovene0.1%(233)
Canadian0.1%(223)
Danish0.1%(196)
Armenian0.1%(183)
Guyanese0.1%(140)
Brazilian0%(125)
Syrian0%(117)
Turkish0%(111)
Iraqi0%(85)
Iranian0%(83)
Kenyan0%(65)
Bulgarian0%(53)
Ghanaian0%(49)
Latvian0%(38)
Barbadian0%(31)
Ethiopian0%(23)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
40.0%
+12.1 ptssince 2000
from 27.9% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
93.7%
+7.7 ptssince 2000
from 86.1% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
Graduate degree
16.2%
+6.4 ptssince 2000
from 9.8% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
21.8 min
+67%since 2000
from 13.0 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
Drive alone to work
71.0%
−10.5 ptssince 2009
from 81.5% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
Carpooled to work
6.0%
−2.6 ptssince 2009
from 8.7% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
Public transit
0.2%
−0.6 ptssince 2009
from 0.8% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
Worked from home
17.7%
+14.2 ptssince 2009
from 3.5% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
Walked to work
3.5%
−1.1 ptssince 2009
from 4.6% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
Biked to work
0.5%
+0.2 ptssince 2009
from 0.4% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
No vehicle available
5.0%
−0.4 ptssince 2009
from 5.5% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07

Work & employment

Unemployment rate
3.7%
−1.5 ptssince 2011
from 5.2% in 2011
US average: 5.2%
Labor force participation
63.7%
−1.9 ptssince 2011
from 65.7% in 2011
US average: 63.5%
Women 20-64 in the labor force
77.4%
−0.2 ptssince 2020
from 77.6% in 2020
US average: 74.6%
Self-employed
12.6%
+0.5 ptssince 2009
from 12.1% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
Management & professional
46.0%
+8.2 ptssince 2009
from 37.8% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08

People & community

Male
49.8%
+0.9 ptssince 2009
from 49.0% in 2009
Female
50.2%
−0.9 ptssince 2009
from 51.0% in 2009
Foreign born
7.5%
+3.2 ptssince 2009
from 4.3% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
Veterans
8.3%
−4.3 ptssince 2009
from 12.6% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
With a disability
13.1%
+1.8 ptssince 2012
from 11.3% in 2012
US average: 13.3%
Uninsured
5.4%
−1.9 ptssince 2013
from 7.3% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Broadband at home
92.2%
+11.7 ptssince 2017
from 80.5% in 2017
US average: 91.0%
Computer in household
94.9%
+4.0 ptssince 2020
from 90.9% in 2020
US average: 95.5%
Same house as last year
87.1%
+2.1 ptssince 2020
from 85.0% in 2020
US average: 87.7%
English only at home
89.6%
−1.8 ptssince 2016
from 91.4% in 2016
US average: 77.7%
Spanish at home
2.6%
+0.7 ptssince 2016
from 1.9% in 2016
US average: 13.6%
Marital status
Men 15+
Never married34.2%(37,812)
Married54.2%(59,973)
Widowed2.6%(2,929)
Divorced9%(9,911)
Women 15+
Never married28%(31,532)
Married52.2%(58,741)
Widowed9%(10,123)
Divorced10.7%(12,050)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Uninsured
5.4%
−1.9 ptssince 2013
from 7.3% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
65.9%
−1.7 ptssince 2020
from 67.6% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
13.6%
−0.4 ptssince 2020
from 14.0% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
19.8%
+0.3 ptssince 2020
from 19.5% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
13.3%
+0.6 ptssince 2020
from 12.7% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
2.4%
+0.1 ptssince 2020
from 2.3% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
78.6%
−2.0 ptssince 2020
from 80.6% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
32.0%
+1.2 ptssince 2020
from 30.8% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)31.3%(5,530)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)27.9%(4,926)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era29.4%(5,205)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War3.6%(640)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II1.1%(203)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 17,679 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
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Head to head

Compare Cumberland County to nearby counties

CUMBERLAND COUNTY VS
Perry County
Income$79,444−9%
Home value$236,400−15%
Population46,806−83%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
CUMBERLAND COUNTY VS
Adams County
Income$84,092−4%
Home value$268,500−3%
Population107,594−61%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
CUMBERLAND COUNTY VS
Juniata County
Income$66,318−24%
Home value$217,000−22%
Population23,403−92%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
CUMBERLAND COUNTY VS
Franklin County
Income$77,003−12%
Home value$249,800−10%
Population160,652−42%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
Frequently asked

How many people live in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania?

Cumberland County, Pennsylvania has about 268,323 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania?

The typical household in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania earns about $87,494 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Cumberland County, Pennsylvania expensive?

In Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, the median home is worth about $277,600, and the typical rent is about $1,249 a month.

How educated are people in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania?

About 40.0% of adults age 25 and over in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania?

About 7.5% of people in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania live below the federal poverty line.

Has Cumberland County, Pennsylvania grown since 1990?

Yes, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania has grown since 1990. The population has added about 73,066 residents, a change of about 37 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →