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COUNTY

Richmond

Virginia · 237,257 residents (2025 est.) · 59.9 sq mi
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Part of the Richmond metro area
The short version

Richmond is a county of 229,359 people in Virginia. 44% of homes are owner-occupied. The median age is 34.7, younger than the US median of 38.9. Households here earn about 31% less than in Virginia as a whole. There are 3,827 people per square mile. 46% of adults hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

At a glance
Lower income
below the US median
US median: $82,259
Younger
median age 34.7
US median: 38.9
More educated
46% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 122%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
229,359
+16%since 2000
from 197,790 in 2000
237,257 in 2025 (Census Bureau estimate)
1990 – 2025
Population density
3,827 / sq mi
+14%since 2009
from 3,354 / sq mi in 2009
US average: 281
Median age
34.7
+2%since 2000
from 33.9 in 2000
US average: 38.9
Land area
59.9 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
195K204K214K223K233K19902000201020202024Richmond
2024229K
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2024
Under 55.8%(13,398)
US avg: 5.6%
5 to 95%(11,508)
US avg: 6%
10 to 144.2%(9,651)
US avg: 6.4%
15 to 196%(13,777)
US avg: 6.6%
20 to 247.8%(17,938)
US avg: 6.5%
25 to 3421.7%(49,714)
US avg: 13.7%
35 to 4413.9%(31,982)
US avg: 13.2%
45 to 549.9%(22,780)
US avg: 12.2%
55 to 6411.5%(26,367)
US avg: 12.7%
65 to 749%(20,597)
US avg: 10.2%
75 to 843.7%(8,470)
US avg: 5.1%
85 and over1.4%(3,177)
US avg: 1.9%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$64,587
+14%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $31,121 in 2000
US average: $82,259
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$45,790
+125%since 2000
from $20,337 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
43.3%
+21.9 ptssince 2009
from 21.4% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
Poverty rate
18.2%
−3.2 ptssince 2000
from 21.4% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.513
−4%since 2010
from 0.533 in 2010
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Information9.6%
US avg: 10.8%
Other services8.5%
US avg: 6.7%
Public administration6%
US avg: 4.8%
Wholesale trade6%
US avg: 6.9%
Retail trade5.5%
US avg: 9.9%
Finance & insurance5.1%
US avg: 5.9%
Professional, scientific, technical4.3%
US avg: 5.1%
Arts, entertainment, food2%
US avg: 1.9%
Transportation & warehousing1.9%
US avg: 2.2%
Education & health services0.8%
US avg: 0.9%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing0.3%
US avg: 1.6%
Construction0.2%
US avg: 1.2%
Manufacturing0%
US avg: 0.4%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$353,000
+122%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $87,400 in 2000
US average: $376,019
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$1,372
+39%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $540 in 2000
US average: $1,442
Owner-occupied
43.5%
−2.6 ptssince 2000
from 46.1% in 2000
56.5% rent
Vacancy rate
8.7%
−5.0 ptssince 2009
from 13.7% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
Persons per household
2.10 people
−10%since 2009
from 2.34 people in 2009
US average: 2.54
Owner cost-burdened
25.9%
−9.6 ptssince 2009
from 35.5% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
Renter cost-burdened
49.9%
−2.2 ptssince 2009
from 52.2% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
Afford Score
5.5
+7%since 2009
from 5.1 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Gentrification Score
80
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means faster recent growth in incomes, home values, and college degrees.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic37.7%(74,506)
Black56.9%(112,455)
Hispanic / Latino2.6%(5,074)
Asian1.2%(2,437)
Other0%
2024
White, non-Hispanic41.4%(94,895)
Black40.6%(93,026)
Hispanic / Latino10.7%(24,539)
Asian2.1%(4,775)
Other5.3%(12,124)
Diversity Score
81
+13%since 2009
from 72 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means a more even mix of racial and ethnic groups.
Segregation Score
52
−8%since 2020
from 57 in 2020
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means White and non-White residents are more separated across neighborhoods.
Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Central American4.8%(10,928)
Mexican2.1%(4,905)
Guatemalan1.8%(4,237)
Salvadoran1.8%(4,182)
Puerto Rican1.3%(3,001)
South American0.9%(1,986)
Honduran0.7%(1,517)
Dominican0.4%(855)
Cuban0.3%(759)
Spaniard0.3%(714)
Venezuelan0.3%(634)
Panamanian0.3%(629)
+ 9 more hispanic origin groups with data
Colombian0.2%(431)
Peruvian0.1%(322)
Ecuadorian0.1%(291)
Nicaraguan0.1%(242)
Bolivian0.1%(140)
Costa Rican0.1%(121)
Argentine0%(99)
Uruguayan0%(38)
Chilean0%(15)
Asian origin
Asian Indian0.6%(1,338)
Chinese0.5%(1,225)
Filipino0.2%(421)
Korean0.2%(370)
Vietnamese0.1%(326)
Pakistani0.1%(304)
Kazakh0.1%(124)
Thai0%(107)
Taiwanese0%(100)
Nepalese0%(95)
Cambodian0%(91)
Japanese0%(36)
+ 5 more asian origin groups with data
Pacific Islander origin
Samoan0%(79)
Fijian0%(10)
Tongan0%(3)
Ancestry
English10.5%(24,161)
German8.5%(19,469)
Irish8.5%(19,430)
American3.6%(8,293)
Italian3.5%(8,038)
Scottish1.9%(4,439)
French1.6%(3,637)
Polish1.4%(3,229)
Scotch-Irish1.3%(2,889)
West Indian0.9%(1,970)
British0.7%(1,591)
+ 49 more ancestry groups with data
Dutch0.6%(1,433)
Arab0.6%(1,431)
Welsh0.6%(1,324)
Swedish0.5%(1,256)
Russian0.5%(1,137)
Greek0.5%(1,065)
Jamaican0.4%(1,014)
Norwegian0.4%(944)
Lebanese0.3%(788)
Swiss0.3%(757)
Ethiopian0.3%(755)
Danish0.3%(753)
Czech0.3%(636)
Hungarian0.3%(633)
Ukrainian0.3%(604)
Austrian0.2%(454)
Lithuanian0.2%(379)
Slovak0.2%(375)
Nigerian0.2%(360)
Egyptian0.1%(334)
Iranian0.1%(288)
Haitian0.1%(264)
Guyanese0.1%(237)
Ghanaian0.1%(215)
Portuguese0.1%(214)
Brazilian0.1%(181)
Croatian0.1%(169)
Romanian0.1%(161)
Armenian0.1%(150)
Canadian0.1%(141)
Finnish0.1%(132)
Barbadian0.1%(121)
Turkish0%(95)
Syrian0%(93)
Slovene0%(85)
Israeli0%(80)
Latvian0%(74)
Belgian0%(57)
Serbian0%(51)
Jordanian0%(49)
Moroccan0%(49)
Bulgarian0%(47)
Somali0%(38)
Iraqi0%(23)
Kenyan0%(2)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
45.6%
+16.2 ptssince 2000
from 29.5% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
90.2%
+15.0 ptssince 2000
from 75.2% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
Graduate degree
18.9%
+8.1 ptssince 2000
from 10.8% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
21.7 min
+59%since 2000
from 13.6 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
Drive alone to work
63.0%
−7.7 ptssince 2009
from 70.7% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
Carpooled to work
7.9%
−4.5 ptssince 2009
from 12.4% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
Public transit
2.9%
−4.5 ptssince 2009
from 7.4% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
Worked from home
19.5%
+16.0 ptssince 2009
from 3.5% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
Walked to work
4.5%
+0.6 ptssince 2009
from 3.8% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
Biked to work
0.9%
−0.4 ptssince 2009
from 1.3% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
No vehicle available
13.0%
−5.9 ptssince 2009
from 18.8% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07

Work & employment

Unemployment rate
5.7%
−5.3 ptssince 2011
from 11.0% in 2011
US average: 5.2%
Labor force participation
68.3%
+3.2 ptssince 2011
from 65.1% in 2011
US average: 63.5%
Women 20-64 in the labor force
79.4%
+3.4 ptssince 2020
from 76.0% in 2020
US average: 74.6%
Self-employed
14.6%
−0.4 ptssince 2009
from 15.1% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
Management & professional
49.7%
+13.2 ptssince 2009
from 36.5% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08

People & community

Male
47.4%
+1.1 ptssince 2009
from 46.3% in 2009
Female
52.6%
−1.1 ptssince 2009
from 53.7% in 2009
Foreign born
8.4%
+2.3 ptssince 2009
from 6.1% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
Veterans
5.4%
−3.7 ptssince 2009
from 9.0% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
With a disability
14.2%
−1.0 ptssince 2012
from 15.2% in 2012
US average: 13.3%
Uninsured
8.8%
−8.9 ptssince 2013
from 17.7% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Broadband at home
86.2%
+15.6 ptssince 2017
from 70.6% in 2017
US average: 91.0%
Computer in household
94.4%
+4.5 ptssince 2020
from 89.9% in 2020
US average: 95.5%
Same house as last year
81.6%
+3.9 ptssince 2020
from 77.7% in 2020
US average: 87.7%
English only at home
87.9%
−2.7 ptssince 2016
from 90.6% in 2016
US average: 77.7%
Spanish at home
8.4%
+3.0 ptssince 2016
from 5.3% in 2016
US average: 13.6%
Marital status
Men 15+
Never married52.8%(48,265)
Married33.9%(30,942)
Widowed2.6%(2,350)
Divorced10.7%(9,771)
Women 15+
Never married50%(51,713)
Married30.6%(31,669)
Widowed6.6%(6,820)
Divorced12.8%(13,272)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Uninsured
8.8%
−8.9 ptssince 2013
from 17.7% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
51.3%
+1.0 ptssince 2020
from 50.3% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
12.6%
−1.3 ptssince 2020
from 13.9% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
16.1%
+0.1 ptssince 2020
from 16.0% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
24.8%
+3.7 ptssince 2020
from 21.1% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
2.8%
Unchangedsince 2020
from 2.8% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
62.5%
−0.6 ptssince 2020
from 63.1% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
38.7%
+3.8 ptssince 2020
from 34.9% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)27.8%(2,807)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)18.7%(1,884)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era29.2%(2,946)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War2.3%(230)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II1%(98)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 10,101 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Drill deeper

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Head to head

Compare Richmond to nearby counties

RICHMOND VS
Henrico County
Income$88,783+37%
Home value$359,200+2%
Population342,775+44%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
RICHMOND VS
Chesterfield County
Income$101,931+58%
Home value$366,000+4%
Population397,148+67%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
RICHMOND VS
Hanover County
Income$112,805+75%
Home value$400,400+13%
Population116,423−51%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
RICHMOND VS
Colonial Heights
Income$76,505+18%
Home value$246,600−30%
Population18,738−92%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
Frequently asked

How many people live in Richmond, Virginia?

Richmond, Virginia has about 229,359 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Richmond, Virginia?

The typical household in Richmond, Virginia earns about $64,587 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Richmond, Virginia expensive?

In Richmond, Virginia, the median home is worth about $353,000, and the typical rent is about $1,372 a month.

How educated are people in Richmond, Virginia?

About 45.6% of adults age 25 and over in Richmond, Virginia hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Richmond, Virginia?

About 18.2% of people in Richmond, Virginia live below the federal poverty line.

Has Richmond, Virginia grown since 1990?

Yes, Richmond, Virginia has grown since 1990. The population has added about 26,303 residents, a change of about 13 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →