RANKING · 1990 CENSUS · 500 SHOWN OF 3,122

Most residents in poverty, US counties · 1990

US counties with the most residents living below the poverty line, as of the 1990 American Community Survey. Ranked by number of people, not the poverty rate. Los Angeles County, California leads at 1,335,542. 3,122 counties qualify in total. California carries 6 of the top 25 entries. The median across all 3,122 is 3,591.

All statesAll rankings

SAME RANKING BYCities States Metros

YEAR1990 2000 2010 2020 2024

RANKPLACESTATEPOPRESIDENTS IN POVERTYVS –

USUnited States13.1% of US population248,709,87332,620,189–

01Los Angeles County, CACA9,694,9341,335,542–

02Cook County, ILIL5,194,625724,833–

03Kings County, NYNY2,653,963521,352–

04Harris County, TXTX5,045,026441,907–

05Wayne County, MIMI1,769,038423,716–

06Bronx County, NYNY1,406,332345,575–

07Philadelphia County, PAPA1,574,281321,439–

08New York County, NYNY1,664,862305,174–

09San Diego County, CACA3,282,248283,155–

10Maricopa County, AZAZ4,689,558261,594–

11Dallas County, TXTX2,661,397249,212–

12Bexar County, TXTX2,160,088235,567–

13Queens County, NYNY2,358,182212,889–

14Orange County, CACA3,149,507204,303–

15Cuyahoga County, OHOH1,232,925194,397–

16San Bernardino County, CACA2,224,091179,914–

17Baltimore, MDMD569,997160,951–

18Hidalgo County, TXTX921,549160,616–

19El Paso County, TXTX877,858158,572–

20Orleans Parish, LALA362,154157,162–

21Allegheny County, PAPA1,225,035154,325–

22Milwaukee County, WIWI924,216152,270–

23Shelby County, TNTN910,226151,459–

24Fresno County, CACA1,035,456143,096–

25Alameda County, CACA1,636,630135,857–

26Riverside County, CACA2,544,916134,732–

27Sacramento County, CACA1,618,460129,814–

28Tarrant County, TXTX2,248,466128,876–

29Broward County, FLFL2,013,317127,949–

30Franklin County, OHOH1,361,536124,891–

31Suffolk County, MAMA791,891120,161–

32King County, WAWA2,344,939119,998–

33Fulton County, GAGA1,098,791119,364–

34Erie County, NYNY946,741118,499–

35Hamilton County, OHOH838,418115,143–

36Pima County, AZAZ1,074,685114,718–

37Santa Clara County, CACA1,914,391112,426–

38Essex County, NJNJ896,379111,289–

39Hillsborough County, FLFL1,574,115110,836–

40Jefferson County, ALAL665,742104,264–

41Cameron County, TXTX433,946103,160–

42District of Columbia, DCDC693,645102,362–

43St. Louis, MOMO278,14497,749–

44Marion County, ININ992,19696,122–

45Hennepin County, MNMN1,284,78495,499–

46Travis County, TXTX1,389,67092,118–

47Kern County, CACA927,06891,904–

48San Francisco County, CACA826,07991,662–

49Jefferson County, KYKY795,22291,371–

50Oklahoma County, OKOK822,12589,093–

51Duval County, FLFL1,062,96386,196–

52Middlesex County, MAMA1,669,97986,070–

53Jackson County, MOMO732,99482,597–

54Hudson County, NJNJ735,03382,078–

55Pinellas County, FLFL948,56380,919–

56Mobile County, ALAL411,65880,909–

57Palm Beach County, FLFL1,575,72680,272–

58Denver County, COCO740,61380,120–

59Clark County, NVNV2,407,22678,067–

60Multnomah County, OROR795,39176,569–

61Orange County, FLFL1,528,00276,214–

62San Joaquin County, CACA823,81575,600–

63East Baton Rouge Parish, LALA456,18074,856–

64Monroe County, NYNY750,50673,981–

65Montgomery County, OHOH539,59872,464–

66Salt Lake County, UTUT1,220,91671,597–

67Providence County, RIRI678,17971,227–

68Genesee County, MIMI401,09370,867–

69Lucas County, OHOH423,34770,597–

70Tulare County, CACA485,14670,439–

71Bernalillo County, NMNM667,60169,961–

72Pierce County, WAWA946,28866,876–

73Tulsa County, OKOK698,78266,329–

74Davidson County, TNTN745,90466,261–

75Lake County, ININ504,61265,656–

76Oakland County, MIMI1,288,33765,488–

77Jefferson Parish, LALA431,39863,389–

78Suffolk County, NYNY1,546,09062,776–

79Summit County, OHOH538,37662,571–

80Honolulu County, HIHI988,70362,564–

81Essex County, MAMA826,65361,984–

82Nueces County, TXTX352,99260,571–

83Westchester County, NYNY1,015,74359,904–

84Caddo Parish, LALA224,22659,659–

85Hampden County, MAMA464,33859,178–

86Worcester County, MAMA888,50258,801–

87Contra Costa County, CACA1,170,07058,716–

88St. Louis County, MOMO990,91155,608–

89Ramsey County, MNMN541,62355,396–

90Hinds County, MSMS211,88854,033–

91DeKalb County, GAGA774,39453,847–

92Polk County, FLFL874,79052,477–

93Stanislaus County, CACA557,71952,314–

94Camden County, NJNJ535,79951,594–

95Charleston County, SCSC436,20051,187–

96Webb County, TXTX281,22450,839–

97Norfolk, VAVA231,01350,469–

98Spokane County, WAWA558,34449,502–

99Pulaski County, ARAR404,61149,208–

100Mecklenburg County, NCNC1,233,38348,972–

101Ventura County, CACA830,85148,728–

102Onondaga County, NYNY466,58448,139–

103Nassau County, NYNY1,398,93947,944–

104Knox County, TNTN511,45347,287–

105Santa Barbara County, CACA442,06547,166–

106Ingham County, MIMI289,70946,849–

107Jefferson County, TXTX254,32146,575–

108Bristol County, MAMA593,64046,195–

109St. Clair County, ILIL250,70845,820–

110Kent County, MIMI675,23245,815–

111Passaic County, NJNJ531,62445,524–

112Volusia County, FLFL606,57345,015–

113Douglas County, NENE606,46044,996–

114Escambia County, FLFL333,83444,732–

115Sedgwick County, KSKS538,43344,157–

116Alachua County, FLFL290,02842,657–

117Richmond, VAVA237,25742,414–

118Prince George's County, MDMD970,37442,339–

119Lubbock County, TXTX328,90642,296–

120Mahoning County, OHOH224,70642,156–

121Monterey County, CACA433,72941,308–

122El Paso County, COCO757,04041,203–

123San Mateo County, CACA743,56841,071–

124Lane County, OROR381,58440,962–

125Stark County, OHOH373,77140,657–

126Utah County, UTUT759,85940,497–

127Westmoreland County, PAPA349,32439,693–

128Cumberland County, NCNC338,47339,613–

129Richland County, SCSC434,95639,358–

130McLennan County, TXTX272,02038,895–

131Dane County, WIWI590,37538,518–

132Delaware County, PAPA580,93738,456–

133Yakima County, WAWA259,18538,187–

134Baltimore County, MDMD847,65037,945–

135Hamilton County, TNTN390,83337,475–

136Montgomery County, ALAL225,89137,423–

137Chatham County, GAGA311,85537,327–

138Macomb County, MIMI886,22137,255–

139Luzerne County, PAPA332,12636,872–

140Saginaw County, MIMI187,68836,558–

141Brevard County, FLFL663,98236,426–

142Doña Ana County, NMNM229,09135,843–

143Union County, NJNJ601,86335,672–

144Erie County, PAPA265,83235,530–

145Wake County, NCNC1,257,23535,525–

146Merced County, CACA297,26035,499–

147Guilford County, NCNC562,23435,121–

148Ouachita Parish, LALA158,54235,076–

149Richmond County, GAGA206,55934,500–

150Washtenaw County, MIMI370,21434,413–

151Middlesex County, NJNJ883,33534,375–

152Butte County, CACA209,21134,369–

153Lancaster County, PAPA563,15933,737–

154Galveston County, TXTX372,20733,626–

155Greenville County, SCSC583,12533,561–

156Muscogee County, GAGA202,17133,394–

157New Castle County, DEDE588,02633,320–

158Lafayette Parish, LALA257,94933,269–

159Leon County, FLFL299,04832,647–

160Pasco County, FLFL674,51632,586–

161Brazos County, TXTX249,08832,483–

162Bergen County, NJNJ977,02632,285–

163Montgomery County, MDMD1,074,58232,016–

164Fayette County, KYKY329,75131,854–

165Kanawha County, WVWV172,38131,757–

166Harrison County, MSMS217,13631,445–

167Lorain County, OHOH323,21931,156–

168Calcasieu Parish, LALA208,46631,078–

169Butler County, OHOH400,12831,042–

170Lee County, FLFL875,60730,697–

171Snohomish County, WAWA870,65630,626–

172Fayette County, PAPA123,02130,430–

173Tuscaloosa County, ALAL241,36830,202–

174Kalamazoo County, MIMI263,79530,104–

175Polk County, IAIA516,54630,082–

176Marion County, OROR355,77730,064–

177Oneida County, NYNY226,39229,938–

178Rapides Parish, LALA125,87729,677–

179Sonoma County, CACA486,44429,612–

180Richmond County, NYNY501,29029,570–

181Greene County, MOMO309,28629,221–

182St. Landry Parish, LALA80,76529,173–

183Bell County, TXTX402,24829,060–

184Apache County, AZAZ64,44528,995–

185Bibb County, GAGA157,55628,816–

186Fairfax County, VAVA1,167,87328,735–

187Orange County, NYNY417,66928,650–

188Plymouth County, MAMA546,82928,583–

189Marion County, FLFL442,66028,409–

190Albany County, NYNY321,22528,278–

191Madison County, ILIL263,11028,261–

192San Luis Obispo County, CACA282,36728,178–

193St. Louis County, MNMN200,51828,054–

194Forsyth County, NCNC401,71828,002–

195Norfolk County, MAMA739,74927,897–

196Wyandotte County, KSKS170,59727,748–

197Monmouth County, NJNJ651,03527,728–

198Adams County, COCO554,66827,657–

199Pinal County, AZAZ539,38027,483–

200Berks County, PAPA440,07227,024–

201Tangipahoa Parish, LALA141,34626,975–

202Navajo County, AZAZ109,94626,946–

203Champaign County, ILIL209,97226,944–

204Spartanburg County, SCSC380,85726,791–

205Lake County, ILIL719,33926,646–

206Peoria County, ILIL178,55326,561–

207McKinley County, NMNM68,11926,386–

208Washington County, PAPA210,80226,098–

209Trumbull County, OHOH198,97225,982–

210Ocean County, NJNJ673,74625,981–

211Imperial County, CACA181,41125,969–

212Madison County, ALAL433,51625,934–

213San Juan County, NMNM120,34025,888–

214Winnebago County, ILIL283,67425,588–

215Solano County, CACA455,37625,541–

216Jefferson County, COCO580,45125,325–

217Robeson County, NCNC119,94125,315–

218Cobb County, GAGA793,34525,274–

219Smith County, TXTX252,54924,915–

220Pueblo County, COCO169,27724,887–

221Boulder County, COCO328,56024,681–

222Yolo County, CACA224,41024,600–

223Santa Cruz County, CACA258,85224,558–

224Montgomery County, PAPA877,64324,482–

225Beaver County, PAPA166,03224,448–

226Starr County, TXTX66,31924,302–

227Ector County, TXTX173,80124,299–

228Mercer County, NJNJ399,28924,273–

229Muskegon County, MIMI177,90124,253–

230Dauphin County, PAPA293,35124,119–

231Washoe County, NVNV509,38623,880–

232Newport News, VAVA183,23023,880–

233St. Joseph County, ININ272,86123,853–

234Pitt County, NCNC182,93623,809–

235Allen County, ININ402,32923,777–

236Berrien County, MIMI152,44423,732–

237Niagara County, NYNY208,91223,710–

238Clarke County, GAGA129,92123,655–

239Dougherty County, GAGA82,61623,544–

240Terrebonne Parish, LALA104,16323,471–

241Lackawanna County, PAPA216,50223,400–

242Arapahoe County, COCO673,82023,211–

243Virginia Beach, VAVA453,73723,052–

244Florence County, SCSC138,50423,002–

245Washington County, MSMS40,44622,933–

246Cambria County, PAPA128,96822,778–

247Denton County, TXTX1,069,34622,520–

248Centre County, PAPA157,39322,502–

249Lancaster County, NENE334,04922,461–

250Broome County, NYNY195,73622,338–

251Coconino County, AZAZ144,36822,285–

252Larimer County, COCO377,29222,281–

253Clark County, WAWA532,11922,235–

254Montgomery County, TXTX781,19422,058–

255Potter County, TXTX114,45322,056–

256Horry County, SCSC427,55121,924–

257Kane County, ILIL525,75721,736–

258Durham County, NCNC347,24021,678–

259Lee County, ALAL189,88121,667–

260Manatee County, FLFL468,20021,585–

261Will County, ILIL712,25321,563–

262York County, PAPA473,19721,562–

263Bucks County, PAPA647,82821,406–

264Yuma County, AZAZ224,44921,268–

265DuPage County, ILIL934,29821,220–

266Monroe County, ININ143,34521,184–

267Sumter County, SCSC105,06721,149–

268Lehigh County, PAPA384,38321,148–

269Orangeburg County, SCSC83,17721,144–

270Atlantic County, NJNJ278,65721,011–

271Humboldt County, CACA131,64720,962–

272Seminole County, FLFL491,88420,755–

273Scioto County, OHOH71,36520,718–

274Vanderburgh County, ININ181,99520,594–

275Jefferson County, ARAR62,98720,424–

276Washington County, OROR611,70820,419–

277Weld County, COCO378,42620,283–

278Shasta County, CACA181,64820,203–

279Fort Bend County, TXTX975,19120,082–

280Delaware County, ININ113,10620,040–

281Buncombe County, NCNC277,41719,918–

282Brazoria County, TXTX419,08019,873–

283Cochise County, AZAZ126,33219,828–

284St. Tammany Parish, LALA279,10819,820–

285Clark County, OHOH135,34019,796–

286Hillsborough County, NHNH433,41519,675–

287Lafourche Parish, LALA95,50519,636–

288Rock Island County, ILIL141,86919,608–

289St. Lucie County, FLFL402,44919,562–

290Chautauqua County, NYNY124,12619,554–

291Sullivan County, TNTN163,75919,515–

292Calhoun County, MIMI133,40819,435–

293Wichita County, TXTX129,55519,410–

294Cumberland County, MEME317,22219,388–

295Jackson County, OROR221,79519,370–

296Cleveland County, OKOK303,97319,357–

297St. Lawrence County, NYNY105,48819,314–

298Clackamas County, OROR426,28019,298–

299Sarasota County, FLFL479,95819,252–

300Anne Arundel County, MDMD603,38019,106–

301Penobscot County, MEME157,96719,053–

302Black Hawk County, IAIA131,53218,942–

303Tippecanoe County, ININ190,45618,782–

304Forrest County, MSMS79,03418,781–

305Jackson County, MSMS147,66618,643–

306Boone County, MOMO191,74618,632–

307Gaston County, NCNC246,55818,550–

308Cabell County, WVWV91,18318,493–

309Taylor County, TXTX150,07718,478–

310Kings County, CACA154,32718,443–

311Pike County, KYKY54,72118,443–

312Portsmouth, VAVA96,77718,434–

313Blair County, PAPA119,54118,429–

314Maverick County, TXTX58,82318,347–

315Bay County, FLFL204,47918,343–

316Scott County, IAIA175,25918,272–

317Onslow County, NCNC217,17518,188–

318Calhoun County, ALAL115,83418,177–

319Ada County, IDID546,14118,168–

320Northampton County, PAPA324,41118,062–

321Jackson County, MIMI159,55217,991–

322Bolivar County, MSMS28,26217,967–

323Cumberland County, NJNJ157,14817,952–

324Brown County, WIWI275,80317,836–

325Tompkins County, NYNY104,04717,821–

326Kitsap County, WAWA283,37417,798–

327Racine County, WIWI198,91917,768–

328Comanche County, OKOK122,15817,717–

329Chester County, PAPA557,11617,712–

330Iberia Parish, LALA66,84617,643–

331Sangamon County, ILIL194,17017,639–

332Gregg County, TXTX126,09517,591–

333Dallas County, ALAL35,14017,445–

334Anderson County, SCSC219,93017,406–

335Jackson County, ILIL52,50117,326–

336Lauderdale County, MSMS70,31717,231–

337Columbiana County, OHOH99,37717,207–

338Athens County, OHOH63,19717,075–

339Acadia Parish, LALA57,03217,072–

340Hawaii County, HIHI210,04317,056–

341Tom Green County, TXTX120,60217,034–

342Portage County, OHOH163,40416,980–

343Aiken County, SCSC181,51516,950–

344Rockland County, NYNY357,39716,939–

345New Hanover County, NCNC245,95916,865–

346Douglas County, KSKS120,92016,842–

347Indiana County, PAPA82,87816,800–

348Lake County, FLFL456,06816,782–

349Burlington County, NJNJ481,43916,715–

350Madison County, ININ135,08816,628–

351Washington County, ARAR271,21316,568–

352Etowah County, ALAL103,88616,464–

353Johnson County, IAIA160,04416,398–

354Montgomery County, VAVA98,43416,334–

355Schuylkill County, PAPA145,08516,251–

356Thurston County, WAWA304,26116,222–

357Shawnee County, KSKS178,60716,123–

358Ashtabula County, OHOH96,71316,088–

359Anchorage, AKAK287,15516,006–

360Collier County, FLFL417,13115,990–

361Weber County, UTUT278,17415,983–

362St. Clair County, MIMI160,48615,919–

363Wayne County, NCNC122,27815,915–

364Berkeley County, SCSC274,66615,832–

365Hampshire County, MAMA164,06515,740–

366Whatcom County, WAWA236,39215,717–

367St. Mary Parish, LALA46,55215,669–

368Vigo County, ININ106,51215,592–

369Clayton County, GAGA297,47115,570–

370Monongalia County, WVWV107,99115,525–

371Mercer County, PAPA107,86015,523–

372Roanoke, VAVA99,11115,502–

373Midland County, TXTX187,85515,428–

374Madera County, CACA167,92715,385–

375McLean County, ILIL171,41915,341–

376Raleigh County, WVWV71,77515,274–

377Collin County, TXTX1,297,17915,222–

378Lowndes County, GAGA122,86715,111–

379Mississippi County, ARAR37,82815,076–

380Talladega County, ALAL81,60314,936–

381Macon County, ILIL99,30014,934–

382Muskogee County, OKOK66,70814,877–

383San Patricio County, TXTX72,05314,849–

384Okaloosa County, FLFL221,81014,752–

385Butler County, PAPA200,16914,751–

386Yavapai County, AZAZ252,55214,614–

387Stearns County, MNMN164,11014,607–

388Linn County, IAIA232,02814,574–

389Lawrence County, OHOH55,71014,556–

390Leflore County, MSMS25,68614,532–

391Avoyelles Parish, LALA37,94114,526–

392Hampton, VAVA137,31514,481–

393Coahoma County, MSMS19,84914,392–

394Rensselaer County, NYNY160,51014,347–

395Washington County, TNTN141,19914,343–

396Oswego County, NYNY118,56914,241–

397Riley County, KSKS72,59814,233–

398Halifax County, NCNC46,53414,202–

399Gloucester County, NJNJ312,63814,199–

400Richland County, OHOH124,89314,193–

401Ulster County, NYNY183,33014,137–

402Lexington County, SCSC317,58814,119–

403Mesa County, COCO162,84514,100–

404Baldwin County, ALAL267,76114,098–

405Val Verde County, TXTX47,83514,086–

406Barnstable County, MAMA233,53914,079–

407Williamson County, TXTX752,82714,076–

408Jones County, MSMS66,49614,071–

409Douglas County, OROR111,95114,064–

410Gwinnett County, GAGA1,018,09914,043–

411Bay County, MIMI102,12313,999–

412Kenton County, KYKY175,77913,998–

413Bowie County, TXTX92,69613,994–

414Bossier Parish, LALA131,86713,962–

415Dutchess County, NYNY300,70813,951–

416Allen County, OHOH100,88113,902–

417Jasper County, MOMO127,42813,822–

418Rock County, WIWI166,47213,780–

419Nacogdoches County, TXTX66,03513,775–

420Jefferson County, OHOH63,59713,771–

421Sunflower County, MSMS22,89313,749–

422Hays County, TXTX304,39013,735–

423Yellowstone County, MTMT172,69213,710–

424Washington Parish, LALA44,93713,628–

425Chesapeake, VAVA255,33213,625–

426Canyon County, IDID275,12313,610–

427Floyd County, KYKY34,40113,610–

428York County, SCSC306,88713,608–

429Lycoming County, PAPA112,58713,602–

430Eau Claire County, WIWI109,03313,581–

431Isabella County, MIMI64,69113,577–

432Crittenden County, ARAR46,21013,515–

433Licking County, OHOH185,56413,471–

434Daviess County, KYKY104,89813,468–

435Vermilion County, ILIL71,25913,449–

436Houston County, ALAL110,31813,436–

437Davis County, UTUT381,22713,419–

438Warren County, KYKY149,37513,412–

439Steuben County, NYNY91,85513,389–

440Lawrence County, PAPA83,91113,378–

441Missoula County, MTMT123,51313,372–

442Crawford County, PAPA81,79213,340–

443Payne County, OKOK83,88913,330–

444McDowell County, WVWV16,87813,289–

445Vermilion Parish, LALA57,67113,271–

446Madison County, TNTN100,79013,269–

447Mohave County, AZAZ228,10213,239–

448Mercer County, WVWV57,50313,235–

449Garland County, ARAR99,69513,224–

450Woodbury County, IAIA106,64913,179–

451Jefferson County, NYNY111,54013,137–

452Lowndes County, MSMS57,34613,128–

453La Crosse County, WIWI121,33913,127–

454Grayson County, TXTX153,61313,116–

455Kenosha County, WIWI168,44813,092–

456Victoria County, TXTX92,65613,084–

457Madison County, MSMS116,29813,066–

458Clermont County, OHOH216,97713,057–

459Angelina County, TXTX88,15413,042–

460Wilson County, NCNC81,15013,041–

461Orange County, NCNC152,49813,033–

462Sebastian County, ARAR130,64113,028–

463Putnam County, FLFL77,73413,013–

464Greene County, OHOH174,32212,977–

465Anoka County, MNMN381,60512,969–

466Chaves County, NMNM63,36412,934–

467Buchanan County, MOMO83,54012,926–

468Santa Fe County, NMNM156,90712,904–

469Montgomery County, TNTN249,93512,890–

470Rutherford County, TNTN386,35212,855–

471Jefferson County, MOMO233,13212,842–

472Kankakee County, ILIL105,52512,799–

473Johnson County, KSKS636,90612,782–

474Aroostook County, MEME66,60912,580–

475Kent County, DEDE194,78612,560–

476Benton County, WAWA221,72212,505–

477Lea County, NMNM74,74912,497–

478Christian County, KYKY70,11512,479–

479Davidson County, NCNC180,18212,460–

480Natchitoches Parish, LALA36,08912,448–

481Schenectady County, NYNY162,58112,430–

482Phillips County, ARAR14,25512,408–

483Belmont County, OHOH64,43412,380–

484Allegany County, MDMD66,84812,369–

485Winnebago County, WIWI174,21812,354–

486Linn County, OROR132,84312,324–

487Darlington County, SCSC62,88812,312–

488Ross County, OHOH76,42912,306–

489Placer County, CACA442,08112,295–

490Orange County, TXTX86,26612,290–

491Wood County, WVWV82,38512,290–

492Story County, IAIA101,29112,288–

493Marshall County, ALAL103,53712,206–

494Arlington County, VAVA243,93112,202–

495Madison County, KYKY101,69612,195–

496Sussex County, DEDE277,14012,152–

497Pike County, MSMS38,71212,128–

498Cass County, NDND201,79412,105–

499Harlan County, KYKY24,72512,100–

500Muskingum County, OHOH87,01412,081–

SHOWING 1–500 OF 3,122

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Download CSV (full list, 3,122 rows)

UPDATED 2026-09-11 · DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU DECENNIAL CENSUS

Frequently asked

Which county has the highest residents in poverty?

Los Angeles County, California ranks #1 with 1,335,542 (1990 Decennial Census).

What are the top 5 counties by residents in poverty?

Los Angeles County, California, Cook County, Illinois, Kings County, New York, Harris County, Texas, Wayne County, Michigan.

How many counties are in this ranking?

3,122 counties qualify after filtering for population minimums and data availability. The ranking covers 1990 Decennial Census data.

How is residents in poverty measured?

Estimated number of residents living below the federal poverty line, from the poverty rate applied to total population. Source: US Census Bureau, 1990 Decennial Census.