CensusEasy
RANKING · 2010 CENSUS · 500 SHOWN OF 642

Lowest median rent, California cities · 2010

California cities with the lowest median gross rent (2023 ACS). This list covers the 642 cities in California that qualify, ranked against each other statewide.

Flip the list · Highest median rent, US cities
CaliforniaAll statesPop > 5KAll rankings
SAME RANKING BYCountiesStatesMetrosZIP codes
RELATEDMost expensive homesCheapest homesHighest median rentHighest homeownership rateHighest renter shareNewest housing stock
YEAR19902000201020202024
Lowest median rent by state
RANKPLACESTATEPOPMEDIAN GROSS RENTVS 2000
01Earlimart, CACA7,214$492+25%
02Huron, CACA7,394$505+39%
03Mojave, CACA5,173$534+31%
04Calipatria, CACA6,012$556+16%
05Wasco, CACA26,525$568+40%
06Woodlake, CACA8,073$572+53%
07Lindsay, CACA12,578$586+26%
08Mendota, CACA12,778$603+35%
09Holtville, CACA5,591$619+26%
10Mecca, CACA7,184$623+66%
11Corning, CACA8,260$623+46%
12Firebaugh, CACA8,774$627+21%
13Avenal, CACA13,479$643+32%
14Oroville, CACA20,451$644+45%
15East Porterville, CACA5,066$645+31%
16Taft, CACA6,995$652+43%
17Orosi, CACA8,966$654
18Blythe, CACA15,042$658+31%
19Dos Palos, CACA5,697$667+31%
20Orange Cove, CACA9,811$669+38%
21Brawley, CACA28,008$671+40%
22Shafter, CACA23,871$671+54%
23Palermo, CACA5,266$674+30%
24Lamont, CACA13,164$675+52%
25McFarland, CACA14,709$675+46%
26Imperial, CACA22,330$677+13%
27Farmersville, CACA10,326$685+45%
28Yreka, CACA7,714$687+48%
29Delano, CACA52,334$690+48%
30El Centro, CACA44,382$692+31%
31Porterville, CACA63,088$693+38%
32Willows, CACA6,116$705+64%
33Parlier, CACA14,622$713+64%
34Keyes, CACA5,577$714+18%
35Heber, CACA7,312$716+33%
36Goshen, CACA5,136$718+24%
37Fowler, CACA7,745$723+74%
38Selma, CACA24,702$723+39%
39Winton, CACA11,797$725+51%
40Arvin, CACA19,820$726+80%
41Colusa, CACA6,519$728+44%
42Kerman, CACA17,553$729+52%
43Calexico, CACA38,623$736+42%
44Mayfair, CACA5,044$737
45Corcoran, CACA22,358$737+50%
46Ridgecrest, CACA28,333$739+48%
47Red Bluff, CACA14,404$742+54%
48Crescent City, CACA6,002$757+74%
49Eureka, CACA25,304$764+54%
50Clearlake, CACA16,893$765+54%
51Waterford, CACA9,258$765+38%
52Linda, CACA23,871$767+69%
53Marysville, CACA12,738$767+60%
54Paradise, CACA10,023$767+34%
55Dinuba, CACA25,949$767+57%
56Olivehurst, CACA18,444$768+44%
57Oildale, CACA34,687$771+53%
58Sanger, CACA27,228$771+42%
59Exeter, CACA10,122$774+48%
60Merced, CACA99,724$775+52%
61Tehachapi, CACA11,852$776+63%
62Fortuna, CACA12,003$781+48%
63Thermalito, CACA6,720$783+40%
64Barstow, CACA24,804$784+56%
65West Modesto, CACA5,978$787+37%
66Gustine, CACA6,112$787+54%
67Joshua Tree, CACA6,234$789+69%
68Escalon, CACA7,394$792+46%
69Anderson, CACA11,131$792+66%
70Arcata, CACA19,047$797+46%
71Rosamond, CACA21,473$798+48%
72Reedley, CACA26,982$799+52%
73August, CACA8,825$804+52%
74Coalinga, CACA17,281$805+72%
75Lemon Hill, CACA15,312$809
76Parkway, CACA15,397$812
77Highgrove, CACA8,366$820+86%
78Orland, CACA8,381$822+70%
79Yucca Valley, CACA21,887$826+59%
80Garden Acres, CACA10,667$829+35%
81Fresno, CACA555,549$832+55%
82Coachella, CACA45,411$833+77%
83Golden Hills, CACA9,891$840+66%
84Madera, CACA69,017$841+60%
85Delhi, CACA11,009$843+46%
86Lucerne Valley, CACA5,957$844
87Fruitridge Pocket, CACA6,095$846
88Hanford, CACA62,229$846+49%
89Live Oak, CACA9,466$848+120%
90Huntington Park, CACA51,544$852+44%
91West Sacramento, CACA56,216$853+62%
92Arden-Arcade, CACA94,994$854+41%
93Castroville, CACA6,720$856+24%
94Williams, CACA5,529$857+53%
95Yuba City, CACA69,485$857+73%
96Redding, CACA94,092$859+49%
97Lakeport, CACA5,059$860+41%
98Chowchilla, CACA18,730$867+59%
99Atwater, CACA32,133$869+67%
100Desert Hot Springs, CACA34,009$870+71%
101Oroville East, CACA7,504$873+33%
102East Los Angeles, CACA111,647$873+46%
103Jackson, CACA5,100$875+30%
104Newman, CACA12,453$876+69%
106Gridley, CACA7,258$878+88%
107Kingsburg, CACA13,249$878+62%
108McKinleyville, CACA17,113$879+48%
109Walnut Park, CACA14,958$881+52%
110Lemoore, CACA27,291$883+63%
111Tulare, CACA73,907$884+63%
112Twentynine Palms, CACA25,939$885+88%
113Ceres, CACA48,982$887+46%
114Rancho Murieta, CACA5,875$888−42%
115Susanville, CACA12,816$890+57%
116National City, CACA57,807$893+56%
117Commerce, CACA11,688$894+43%
118Visalia, CACA146,541$894+55%
119South Lake Tahoe, CACA21,115$895+39%
120Willowbrook, CACA21,681$898+51%
121Good Hope, CACA8,816$898
122Turlock, CACA72,864$898+52%
123Alondra Park, CACA8,373$900+55%
124Westmont, CACA34,123$900+52%
125Chico, CACA105,081$901+52%
126Grass Valley, CACA14,035$902+39%
127Florence-Graham, CACA60,690$904+56%
128Fort Bragg, CACA6,946$904+45%
129San Bernardino, CACA222,044$905+61%
130Bakersfield, CACA422,165$906+61%
131Rodeo, CACA8,976$907+15%
132West Athens, CACA8,726$907+67%
133California City, CACA13,300$907+70%
134Beaumont, CACA60,835$909+86%
135Muscoy, CACA12,025$911+58%
136Hilmar-Irwin, CACA6,132$915+39%
137Magalia, CACA7,389$917+36%
138Stockton, CACA324,597$917+58%
139Lompoc, CACA43,315$917+44%
140Old Fig Garden, CACA5,503$920
141Banning, CACA31,852$920+63%
142Ukiah, CACA16,068$921+54%
143Auburn, CACA13,847$921+37%
144Placerville, CACA10,685$922+41%
145Livingston, CACA14,690$922+71%
146Indio, CACA94,269$926+60%
148Compton, CACA90,500$929+56%
149Oakhurst, CACA6,091$933+49%
150Palm Springs, CACA45,315$933+48%
151Rosedale, CACA18,877$934+49%
152Big Bear Lake, CACA5,018$934+61%
153Guadalupe, CACA8,846$934+55%
154Woodland, CACA62,513$935+43%
155North Highlands, CACA47,957$938+48%
156South Gate, CACA90,071$938+51%
157Carmichael, CACA76,948$939+43%
158Foothill Farms, CACA36,435$940+44%
159Oceano, CACA7,128$941+40%
160West Rancho Dominguez, CACA23,300$941
161Maywood, CACA23,600$941+56%
162Big Bear City, CACA11,431$943+49%
163Myrtletown, CACA5,322$944+53%
164Mentone, CACA9,514$945+68%
165Rancho Cordova, CACA87,554$947+44%
166Lennox, CACA19,449$948+57%
167Hemet, CACA93,649$949+69%
168Bell, CACA31,625$950+48%
169Clovis, CACA129,347$951+64%
170Lynwood, CACA63,512$955+52%
171Sacramento, CACA536,449$959+53%
172Durham, CACA5,340$960+63%
173South El Monte, CACA18,963$961+40%
174Yucaipa, CACA54,953$966+58%
175Highland, CACA57,614$967+68%
176Valle Vista, CACA18,602$971+67%
177Los Banos, CACA49,614$972+73%
178Hawthorne, CACA82,741$972+53%
179Fair Oaks, CACA32,799$973+37%
180Modesto, CACA219,652$974+52%
181South San Gabriel, CACA7,923$975+34%
182Apple Valley, CACA75,247$976+70%
183Crestline, CACA9,835$980+41%
184Winters, CACA8,214$984+42%
185Gonzales, CACA8,313$984+46%
186Hughson, CACA8,051$984+96%
187Inglewood, CACA101,662$985+46%
188La Riviera, CACA11,492$986+36%
189La Habra Heights, CACA5,327$986+32%
190Riverbank, CACA26,557$986+45%
191Lodi, CACA69,100$986+59%
193Adelanto, CACA38,798$988+108%
194Greenfield, CACA21,138$992+47%
195Colton, CACA53,383$993+61%
196Florin, CACA50,211$995+58%
197Templeton, CACA9,580$995+19%
198Citrus Heights, CACA86,348$996+37%
199King City, CACA14,002$996+55%
200Bell Gardens, CACA37,367$997+50%
201Gardena, CACA58,460$998+41%
202Salinas, CACA159,134$998+38%
203Oakland, CACA440,838$1,000+44%
204San Jacinto, CACA56,014$1,000+95%
205Country Club, CACA10,161$1,006+45%
206Home Gardens, CACA10,506$1,012+45%
207Soledad, CACA26,357$1,013+63%
208Watsonville, CACA50,716$1,016+37%
209El Cajon, CACA101,755$1,017+52%
210San Pablo, CACA31,678$1,022+49%
212Shasta Lake, CACA10,208$1,030+84%
213North Auburn, CACA13,480$1,032+50%
214Long Beach, CACA450,469$1,033+62%
215Pollock Pines, CACA6,212$1,033+62%
216Atascadero, CACA29,464$1,033+47%
217Hesperia, CACA102,605$1,033+65%
218Lakeland, CACA12,236$1,035+77%
219El Monte, CACA105,075$1,037+54%
220El Cerrito, CACA5,325$1,039+51%
221Montclair, CACA37,563$1,040+55%
222Pomona, CACA147,807$1,040+61%
223Ashland, CACA22,210$1,041+30%
224Valley Center, CACA11,119$1,043+20%
226Homeland, CACA7,584$1,044+77%
227Montebello, CACA60,693$1,045+50%
228Cathedral City, CACA52,375$1,046+51%
229Cudahy, CACA21,445$1,046+55%
230Rio Linda, CACA16,335$1,048+61%
231Oakdale, CACA23,246$1,048+81%
232Wrightwood, CACA5,067$1,049+34%
233Cameron Park, CACA18,315$1,052+39%
234Bloomington, CACA25,698$1,054+63%
235Marina, CACA23,256$1,054+35%
236Piñon Hills, CACA7,065$1,057
237La Puente, CACA36,423$1,057+56%
238San Fernando, CACA23,449$1,060+59%
239Quartz Hill, CACA11,510$1,061+88%
240Mead Valley, CACA19,286$1,061
241Phelan, CACA18,496$1,062
242Ripon, CACA16,140$1,065+66%
243Redlands, CACA74,128$1,067+55%
244Rialto, CACA106,554$1,069+69%
245Victorville, CACA141,395$1,069+83%
246Fallbrook, CACA32,112$1,072+52%
247Imperial Beach, CACA25,206$1,073+56%
248Cherryland, CACA14,143$1,074+28%
249Winter Gardens, CACA22,131$1,075+40%
250Los Angeles, CACA3,869,089$1,077+60%
251Manteca, CACA96,693$1,077+49%
252Hawaiian Gardens, CACA13,373$1,077+50%
253Palmdale, CACA161,845$1,078+71%
254Burbank, CACA5,333$1,079+23%
255Santa Paula, CACA31,774$1,080+57%
256Arroyo Grande, CACA18,123$1,080+49%
257Lancaster, CACA170,084$1,081+68%
258East Rancho Dominguez, CACA14,603$1,083
259Fontana, CACA221,223$1,083+70%
260Signal Hill, CACA11,153$1,085+50%
261Santa Maria, CACA111,390$1,085+61%
262Lemon Grove, CACA27,936$1,089+53%
263Mammoth Lakes, CACA6,867$1,091+53%
264Whittier, CACA85,815$1,091+51%
265Riverside, CACA323,057$1,092+63%
266Morro Bay, CACA10,613$1,094+57%
267Bellflower, CACA74,719$1,094+55%
268Patterson, CACA26,587$1,095+107%
269Loma Linda, CACA25,221$1,100+67%
270East Hemet, CACA20,257$1,102+75%
271Paramount, CACA50,755$1,107+54%
272Ramona, CACA22,634$1,110+59%
273Rosemead, CACA49,410$1,110+54%
274Cloverdale, CACA8,701$1,110+46%
275Monterey Park, CACA57,457$1,111+54%
276Escondido, CACA146,030$1,116+50%
277Woodcrest, CACA17,368$1,119+53%
278Pico Rivera, CACA58,915$1,123+60%
279Garnet, CACA7,382$1,125
280Rosemont, CACA23,766$1,125+53%
281Alhambra, CACA79,820$1,126+56%
282Casa de Oro-Mount Helix, CACA19,765$1,128+46%
283La Presa, CACA34,962$1,129+55%
284Bay Point, CACA24,231$1,130+57%
285Richmond, CACA114,861$1,133+48%
287San Leandro, CACA85,353$1,135+30%
288Santa Fe Springs, CACA18,793$1,136+52%
289La Mesa, CACA59,914$1,137+50%
290Bermuda Dunes, CACA7,971$1,138+42%
291Lemoore Station, CACA6,175$1,138+81%
292Orangevale, CACA35,958$1,138+42%
293Fillmore, CACA16,937$1,138+46%
294Grover Beach, CACA12,456$1,138+52%
295Hollister, CACA45,695$1,138+48%
296El Rio, CACA6,368$1,139+63%
297Bostonia, CACA16,765$1,139+49%
298Downey, CACA108,468$1,139+56%
299Duarte, CACA22,866$1,139+44%
300Lomita, CACA19,724$1,139+45%
301Grand Terrace, CACA12,936$1,140+47%
302Santa Rosa, CACA179,437$1,141+32%
303Vallejo, CACA123,287$1,144+46%
304Diamond Springs, CACA10,927$1,147+50%
305Lake Elsinore, CACA75,067$1,149+82%
306West Carson, CACA22,143$1,150+32%
307Upland, CACA79,446$1,151+62%
308Perris, CACA83,237$1,153+83%
309San Luis Obispo, CACA50,636$1,153+59%
310South Whittier, CACA55,650$1,154+54%
311East Palo Alto, CACA28,872$1,154+35%
312North Fair Oaks, CACA13,100$1,155+19%
313Baldwin Park, CACA68,880$1,156+60%
314View Park-Windsor Hills, CACA11,230$1,157+71%
315Palm Desert, CACA53,259$1,160+56%
316Claremont, CACA35,838$1,162+51%
317Cotati, CACA7,347$1,162+31%
318Roseville, CACA167,302$1,163+44%
319Thousand Palms, CACA7,720$1,165+83%
320Madera Acres, CACA9,846$1,165+43%
321West Whittier-Los Nietos, CACA25,615$1,166+51%
322Gilroy, CACA60,764$1,167+25%
323Rio Vista, CACA10,523$1,167+65%
324Lake Arrowhead, CACA10,639$1,168+48%
325La Verne, CACA30,178$1,171+37%
326Azusa, CACA47,447$1,172+58%
327Fairfield, CACA122,489$1,172+51%
328Menifee, CACA118,592$1,175
329Covina, CACA49,404$1,176+58%
330Napa, CACA76,562$1,177+44%
331Berkeley, CACA121,911$1,177+59%
332Galt, CACA26,964$1,178+95%
333East Pasadena, CACA5,479$1,182+47%
334Calimesa, CACA11,111$1,183+84%
335Concord, CACA123,261$1,188+35%
336San Gabriel, CACA38,186$1,188+57%
337Carson, CACA90,808$1,190+58%
338Healdsburg, CACA11,172$1,190+37%
339Dixon, CACA21,116$1,190+65%
340Ontario, CACA187,013$1,198+66%
341Lake Los Angeles, CACA13,051$1,199+54%
342Chino, CACA96,957$1,200+56%
343Rancho Mirage, CACA17,876$1,200+82%
344Sebastopol, CACA7,532$1,200+50%
345McSwain, CACA5,783$1,201
346Stanford, CACA18,662$1,201+43%
347Chula Vista, CACA275,533$1,201+70%
348Martinez, CACA36,849$1,201+38%
349West Hollywood, CACA34,231$1,201+55%
350South Monrovia Island, CACA6,830$1,203
351Fort Irwin, CACA8,419$1,205
352Los Osos, CACA14,166$1,206
353Santee, CACA58,205$1,206+45%
354Davis, CACA66,110$1,207+56%
355Norwalk, CACA97,104$1,207+57%
356Antioch, CACA118,958$1,213+54%
357Loomis, CACA7,004$1,213+53%
358Ione, CACA9,282$1,216+89%
359Vista, CACA98,274$1,217+54%
360Oxnard, CACA199,651$1,219+56%
361Glendale, CACA187,160$1,220+61%
362Monrovia, CACA38,264$1,220+64%
363Altadena, CACA41,705$1,222+63%
364Mira Monte, CACA6,888$1,223+51%
365Hayward, CACA157,113$1,224+33%
366Stanton, CACA40,161$1,227+55%
367Pittsburg, CACA77,542$1,229+40%
368Midway City, CACA7,999$1,231
369Santa Ana, CACA315,586$1,231+51%
370Artesia, CACA15,789$1,235+55%
371Ben Lomond, CACA6,858$1,236+31%
372Larkfield-Wikiup, CACA8,765$1,236+27%
373San Marcos, CACA94,908$1,237+55%
374Castro Valley, CACA65,001$1,241+30%
375La Habra, CACA60,908$1,242+58%
376East San Gabriel, CACA23,410$1,243+73%
377Benicia, CACA26,401$1,243+39%
378San Martin, CACA6,954$1,244+83%
379Boyes Hot Springs, CACA7,247$1,245+56%
380Cherry Valley, CACA6,668$1,247+138%
381Alameda, CACA76,876$1,250+39%
382La Crescenta-Montrose, CACA19,660$1,252+59%
383Salton City, CACA5,988$1,253+175%
384Rohnert Park, CACA44,811$1,253+39%
385Folsom, CACA91,983$1,255+34%
386Rocklin, CACA76,821$1,255+39%
387Vacaville, CACA103,850$1,256+49%
388La Palma, CACA14,907$1,256+32%
389Alpine, CACA15,180$1,258+64%
390Charter Oak, CACA9,442$1,258+42%
391Monterey, CACA28,953$1,258+42%
392San Diego, CACA1,406,106$1,259+65%
393Pasadena, CACA135,804$1,260+69%
394Anaheim, CACA341,008$1,262+54%
395Westminster, CACA88,966$1,263+50%
396Lawndale, CACA29,892$1,264+61%
397Antelope, CACA48,301$1,265
398Moreno Valley, CACA214,263$1,271+71%
399Cambria, CACA5,978$1,275+47%
400Fullerton, CACA138,675$1,275+55%
401Ojai, CACA7,474$1,278+57%
402Sun, CACA11,036$1,279
403Corona, CACA161,734$1,280+58%
404West Covina, CACA105,301$1,281+55%
405Pismo Beach, CACA7,911$1,284+52%
406Garden Grove, CACA170,455$1,284+55%
407Gold River, CACA7,924$1,288+14%
408Tracy, CACA101,901$1,290+60%
409Sierra Madre, CACA10,620$1,293+55%
410Santa Cruz, CACA61,797$1,293+37%
411Prunedale, CACA19,723$1,298+52%
412Burbank, CACA102,988$1,299+67%
413Oceanside, CACA170,483$1,299+59%
414Glendora, CACA49,671$1,300+58%
415Vandenberg, CACA6,776$1,302+34%
416Interlaken, CACA8,068$1,302+40%
417Rowland Heights, CACA45,911$1,309+53%
418Temple City, CACA35,125$1,313+64%
419Buellton, CACA5,158$1,313+81%
421Livermore, CACA83,457$1,314+27%
422Arcadia, CACA54,117$1,315+58%
423Suisun City, CACA29,454$1,320+52%
424Pacific Grove, CACA14,659$1,321+37%
425Union City, CACA65,282$1,321+21%
426San Buenaventura (Ventura), CACA109,914$1,321+57%
427South Pasadena, CACA25,503$1,322+59%
428Port Hueneme, CACA20,987$1,322+65%
429Fairview, CACA10,745$1,323+19%
430Live Oak, CACA16,911$1,325+35%
431South San Jose Hills, CACA16,911$1,325+52%
432Oak View, CACA6,141$1,326+43%
433Rancho Calaveras, CACA7,131$1,328+51%
434San Francisco, CACA826,079$1,328+43%
435Wildomar, CACA37,889$1,329+78%
436Hidden Valley Lake, CACA5,872$1,330+35%
437El Cerrito, CACA26,121$1,330+47%
438Solvang, CACA5,944$1,330+56%
439Isla Vista, CACA13,920$1,332+58%
440La Mirada, CACA45,952$1,338+54%
441Burlingame, CACA31,929$1,338+21%
442San Jose, CACA989,814$1,339+19%
443Poway, CACA49,180$1,339+47%
444Redwood City, CACA82,178$1,340+21%
446Buena Park, CACA81,741$1,341+59%
447Truckee, CACA17,278$1,344+51%
448Petaluma, CACA59,688$1,347+42%
449Brea, CACA47,260$1,351+44%
450Nipomo, CACA17,516$1,352+82%
451Carpinteria, CACA12,734$1,353+44%
452Citrus, CACA10,904$1,358+47%
453Torrance, CACA138,391$1,358+50%
455Pinole, CACA18,543$1,361+59%
456San Rafael, CACA59,410$1,362+31%
457Nuevo, CACA6,803$1,363+74%
458Campbell, CACA42,490$1,364+18%
459Murrieta, CACA114,124$1,365+62%
460Salida, CACA13,900$1,366+96%
461Soquel, CACA10,679$1,371+20%
462Capitola, CACA9,340$1,372+41%
463Santa Barbara, CACA86,422$1,373+47%
464Laguna Woods, CACA16,844$1,375+33%
465Castaic, CACA17,999$1,376
466San Lorenzo, CACA29,171$1,376+44%
467Alum Rock, CACA10,440$1,377+25%
468Seaside, CACA31,636$1,381+70%
469Sonoma, CACA10,537$1,382+44%
470Orange, CACA138,365$1,385+57%
471Saranap, CACA5,662$1,386
472Placentia, CACA54,911$1,386+56%
473Newark, CACA47,895$1,387+27%
474Lakewood, CACA78,010$1,388+57%
475Pleasant Hill, CACA34,017$1,390+41%
476Avocado Heights, CACA12,593$1,391+73%
477Belmont, CACA28,752$1,392+25%
478Walnut Creek, CACA70,012$1,393+36%
479Culver City, CACA39,452$1,394+57%
480Daly City, CACA101,261$1,396+30%
481Santa Monica, CACA90,082$1,398+77%
482Temecula, CACA114,865$1,398+65%
483Morgan Hill, CACA45,625$1,401+26%
484San Anselmo, CACA12,555$1,402+31%
485Lincoln, CACA57,367$1,402+117%
486Albany, CACA19,195$1,409+49%
487Rancho Cucamonga, CACA177,856$1,409+62%
488Elk Grove, CACA185,007$1,410+76%
489La Quinta, CACA39,440$1,412+73%
490Santa Clara, CACA133,446$1,413+14%
491Kentfield, CACA6,900$1,415+18%
492Norco, CACA25,081$1,417+63%
493Yosemite Lakes, CACA5,288$1,418+42%
494Los Alamitos, CACA11,702$1,418+61%
495St. Helena, CACA5,194$1,418+72%
496Cypress, CACA48,781$1,419+54%
497Costa Mesa, CACA108,881$1,422+49%
498San Dimas, CACA32,978$1,423+62%
499Oakley, CACA47,583$1,423+51%
500South San Francisco, CACA64,941$1,423+35%
SHOWING 1–500 OF 642
12
Download CSV (full list, 642 rows)

UPDATED 2026-06-02 · DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR ESTIMATES