CensusEasy
RANKING · 2024 ACS · 500 SHOWN OF 1,431

Largest Nigerian population, US counties

US counties ranked by the number of residents who are Nigerian ancestry, from the 2024 American Community Survey detailed-origin tables. Each list covers the full eligible universe; download the complete data as CSV. Harris County, Texas leads at 40,440. 1,431 counties qualify in total. Texas carries 6 of the top 25 entries.

Nigerian Americans: full group profile →
All statesAll rankings
SAME RANKING BYCitiesStatesMetros
RELATEDLargest American populationHighest American population shareLargest Arab populationHighest Arab population shareLargest Egyptian populationHighest Egyptian population share
YEAR201020202024
Filter by state
RANKPLACESTATEPOPNIGERIAN POPULATIONVS 2010
USUnited States0.2% of US population334,922,499720,879
01Harris County, TXTX5,045,02640,440+213%
02Prince George's County, MDMD970,37427,138+129%
03Cook County, ILIL5,194,62523,799+148%
04Fort Bend County, TXTX975,19123,293+205%
05Los Angeles County, CACA9,694,93419,576+140%
06Dallas County, TXTX2,661,39717,894+187%
07Essex County, NJNJ896,37914,830+138%
08Tarrant County, TXTX2,248,46614,568+276%
09Kings County, NYNY2,653,96314,301+137%
10Marion County, ININ992,19612,626+496%
11Baltimore County, MDMD847,65012,538+241%
12Gwinnett County, GAGA1,018,09911,770+179%
13Collin County, TXTX1,297,1799,407+305%
14Queens County, NYNY2,358,1828,921+42%
15Bronx County, NYNY1,406,3328,759+59%
16Fulton County, GAGA1,098,7917,366+234%
17Cobb County, GAGA793,3457,313+106%
18Maricopa County, AZAZ4,689,5587,022+373%
19Philadelphia County, PAPA1,574,2817,012+277%
20DeKalb County, GAGA774,3946,570+219%
21Montgomery County, MDMD1,074,5826,198+65%
22Baltimore, MDMD569,9976,021+232%
23Denton County, TXTX1,069,3465,859+168%
24Clayton County, GAGA297,4715,644+161%
25Howard County, MDMD339,1835,394+461%
26Hennepin County, MNMN1,284,7845,393+71%
27Alameda County, CACA1,636,6305,323+120%
28Wake County, NCNC1,257,2355,085+185%
29San Bernardino County, CACA2,224,0914,939+103%
30Travis County, TXTX1,389,6704,882+200%
31Riverside County, CACA2,544,9164,787+239%
32Franklin County, OHOH1,361,5364,786+333%
33Suffolk County, MAMA791,8914,714+149%
34Wayne County, MIMI1,769,0384,649+124%
35Anne Arundel County, MDMD603,3804,546+469%
36Mecklenburg County, NCNC1,233,3834,358+248%
37Union County, NJNJ601,8634,177+55%
38District of Columbia, DCDC693,6454,162+149%
39Contra Costa County, CACA1,170,0704,047+122%
40Guilford County, NCNC562,2343,848+441%
41Sacramento County, CACA1,618,4603,804+290%
42Cuyahoga County, OHOH1,232,9253,691+238%
43King County, WAWA2,344,9393,643+208%
44Nassau County, NYNY1,398,9393,576+164%
45Middlesex County, MAMA1,669,9793,419+306%
46Providence County, RIRI678,1793,331+64%
47Shelby County, TNTN910,2263,234+565%
48Davidson County, TNTN745,9043,060+107%
49Will County, ILIL712,2533,044+336%
50Miami-Dade County, FLFL2,802,0293,043+144%
51Bexar County, TXTX2,160,0882,985+205%
52Clark County, NVNV2,407,2262,977+515%
53San Diego County, CACA3,282,2482,974+214%
54Middlesex County, NJNJ883,3352,946+113%
55Westchester County, NYNY1,015,7432,935+129%
56New York County, NYNY1,664,8622,846+46%
57Broward County, FLFL2,013,3172,826+103%
58Norfolk County, MAMA739,7492,784+286%
59Hillsborough County, FLFL1,574,1152,517+94%
60Duval County, FLFL1,062,9632,319+205%
61Richmond County, NYNY501,2902,296+42%
62Oklahoma County, OKOK822,1252,296+231%
63Hendricks County, ININ193,5102,286+1184%
64St. Louis County, MOMO990,9112,263+163%
65Durham County, NCNC347,2402,191+251%
66Orange County, CACA3,149,5072,147+232%
67Allegheny County, PAPA1,225,0352,103+169%
68Burlington County, NJNJ481,4392,096+163%
69New Castle County, DEDE588,0262,063+195%
70Oakland County, MIMI1,288,3372,049+120%
71Brazoria County, TXTX419,0801,985+416%
72Ramsey County, MNMN541,6231,979+130%
73Montgomery County, TXTX781,1941,976+1120%
74Delaware County, PAPA580,9371,961+117%
75Milwaukee County, WIWI924,2161,929+172%
76Henry County, GAGA264,9221,924+139%
77Orange County, FLFL1,528,0021,871+319%
78Hudson County, NJNJ735,0331,864+90%
79Williamson County, TXTX752,8271,855+512%
80Kent County, DEDE194,7861,831+358%
81Montgomery County, PAPA877,6431,820+407%
82Santa Clara County, CACA1,914,3911,811+353%
83Fairfax County, VAVA1,167,8731,803+126%
84Charles County, MDMD176,5931,772+349%
85Tulsa County, OKOK698,7821,769+492%
86Essex County, MAMA826,6531,759+132%
87Harford County, MDMD266,4461,758+205%
88Suffolk County, NYNY1,546,0901,736+42%
89San Joaquin County, CACA823,8151,666+548%
90Prince William County, VAVA502,9661,620+298%
91Bergen County, NJNJ977,0261,610+183%
92Pierce County, WAWA946,2881,608+247%
93Jackson County, MOMO732,9941,604+249%
94Frederick County, MDMD302,8831,570+846%
95Camden County, NJNJ535,7991,521+76%
96Snohomish County, WAWA870,6561,513+131%
97Mercer County, NJNJ399,2891,502+127%
98Capitol Planning Region, CTCT994,1151,496
99Dakota County, MNMN457,7101,496+330%
100Hamilton County, OHOH838,4181,487+89%
101Dauphin County, PAPA293,3511,449+1689%
102Denver County, COCO740,6131,412+277%
103Bernalillo County, NMNM667,6011,343+685%
104San Francisco County, CACA826,0791,342+536%
105Fresno County, CACA1,035,4561,339+240%
106Washington County, MNMN286,8951,287+87%
107Jefferson County, KYKY795,2221,271+742%
108Lake County, ININ504,6121,240+417%
109Bell County, TXTX402,2481,217+633%
110Fayette County, KYKY329,7511,211+1792%
111Jefferson County, ALAL665,7421,194+317%
112Smith County, TXTX252,5491,170+821%
113Loudoun County, VAVA449,7491,159+190%
114East Baton Rouge Parish, LALA456,1801,156+48%
115Paulding County, GAGA190,9961,151+4904%
116Arapahoe County, COCO673,8201,149+356%
117Virginia Beach, VAVA453,7371,146+88%
118El Paso County, COCO757,0401,126+3783%
119Lake County, ILIL719,3391,091+595%
121Multnomah County, OROR795,3911,062+394%
122Kaufman County, TXTX209,2351,060
124Fayette County, GAGA125,1561,043+107%
125Walker County, TXTX83,8421,037+6000%
126Worcester County, MAMA888,5021,024+69%
127Douglas County, NENE606,4601,016+212%
128Chatham County, GAGA311,8551,009+3504%
129Hamilton County, ININ387,0361,002+1168%
130Summit County, OHOH538,3761,001+4071%
131Erie County, NYNY946,741990+216%
132Kane County, ILIL525,757982+215%
133Monmouth County, NJNJ651,035980+82%
134Richland County, SCSC434,956976+1237%
135Cumberland County, NJNJ157,148972+1700%
136Rockland County, NYNY357,397970+270%
137Lee County, FLFL875,607969+226%
138Bucks County, PAPA647,828942+947%
139El Paso County, TXTX877,858939+69%
140Cass County, NDND201,794930+911%
141Forsyth County, NCNC401,718929+266%
142Anoka County, MNMN381,605897+140%
143Palm Beach County, FLFL1,575,726897+236%
144Hampden County, MAMA464,338888+289%
145DuPage County, ILIL934,298887+96%
146Kern County, CACA927,068876+93%
147Greenville County, SCSC583,125876+711%
148Montgomery County, TNTN249,935867
149Berks County, PAPA440,072865+1211%
150Volusia County, FLFL606,573863+399%
151Kent County, MIMI675,232858+4667%
152Madison County, ALAL433,516853+49%
153Montgomery County, ALAL225,891852+661%
154Hidalgo County, TXTX921,549839+3256%
155Washington County, OROR611,708834+807%
156Salt Lake County, UTUT1,220,916830+235%
157Chester County, PAPA557,116818+92%
158Ventura County, CACA830,851817+533%
159Polk County, IAIA516,546813+323%
160Albany County, NYNY321,225810+189%
161Hamilton County, TNTN390,833794+754%
162Chesapeake, VAVA255,332786+1686%
163Gloucester County, NJNJ312,638780+9650%
164Macomb County, MIMI886,221776+373%
165Onondaga County, NYNY466,584775+177%
166Washtenaw County, MIMI370,214771+5%
167Orleans Parish, LALA362,154752+1375%
168Sangamon County, ILIL194,170751+306%
169Clark County, WAWA532,119748+1922%
170Montgomery County, OHOH539,598731+57%
171Dutchess County, NYNY300,708729+36%
172Monroe County, NYNY750,506729+21%
173Somerset County, NJNJ356,486717+8%
174Alexandria, VAVA160,662716+163%
175Cumberland County, NCNC338,473714+73%
176Seminole County, FLFL491,884711+419%
177Kalamazoo County, MIMI263,795708+1121%
178Winnebago County, ILIL283,674693+7600%
179Pulaski County, ARAR404,611685+114%
180Scott County, MNMN159,017678+2612%
181Leon County, FLFL299,048668+89%
182Norfolk, VAVA231,013664+117%
183Chesterfield County, VAVA397,148652−13%
184Lane County, OROR381,584648+1279%
185Orange County, NYNY417,669641−1%
186Waller County, TXTX69,858636+1771%
187Midland County, TXTX187,855635+1412%
188Hays County, TXTX304,390631+3055%
189Pima County, AZAZ1,074,685624+30%
190Utah County, UTUT759,859619+2591%
191Lucas County, OHOH423,347618+4%
192Douglas County, GAGA154,293617+14%
193Washoe County, NVNV509,386608+162%
194Henrico County, VAVA342,775606+197%
195Hinds County, MSMS211,888597+578%
196Butler County, OHOH400,128593+137%
197Stanislaus County, CACA557,719589+562%
198Roanoke, VAVA99,111577
199Johnson County, TXTX218,048562+981%
200Wichita County, TXTX129,555558+973%
201St. Lucie County, FLFL402,449544+2076%
202Tippecanoe County, ININ190,456538+433%
203Passaic County, NJNJ531,624532+629%
204Knox County, TNTN511,453532+2117%
205Solano County, CACA455,376530+626%
206Adams County, COCO554,668524+470%
207Polk County, FLFL874,790523+100%
208Johnson County, KSKS636,906523+318%
209St. Charles County, MOMO426,499516
210Doña Ana County, NMNM229,091516+3586%
211Ingham County, MIMI289,709515+122%
212Cherokee County, GAGA299,273505+258%
213Honolulu County, HIHI988,703505+2706%
215Chittenden County, VTVT169,115502+4083%
216San Mateo County, CACA743,568500+66%
218Richmond County, GAGA206,559497+446%
219Sedgwick County, KSKS538,433495+195%
220Pasco County, FLFL674,516493+123%
221Galveston County, TXTX372,207492+113%
222McLennan County, TXTX272,020489+69%
223Brazos County, TXTX249,088488+171%
224Kings County, CACA154,327480+9500%
225Linn County, IAIA232,028479+5888%
226Walton County, GAGA112,696475+1219%
227Santa Rosa County, FLFL211,115474
228Lexington County, SCSC317,588472
229St. Louis, MOMO278,144468+43%
230Lorain County, OHOH323,219468+4155%
231Rutherford County, TNTN386,352464+637%
232Cumberland County, PAPA277,270454+1161%
233Monterey County, CACA433,729449+648%
234Newport News, VAVA183,230444+1830%
235Platte County, MOMO114,400437+453%
236Dallas County, ALAL35,140436
237Greene County, MOMO309,286432+213%
238Kenosha County, WIWI168,448430+583%
239Stearns County, MNMN164,110425+1671%
240McHenry County, ILIL317,751422−5%
241Portsmouth, VAVA96,777412+836%
242Lubbock County, TXTX328,906411+226%
243Hampton, VAVA137,315410+65%
244Genesee County, MIMI401,093409+119%
245Shelby County, ALAL238,552406+941%
246Ocean County, NJNJ673,746401+86%
247Newton County, GAGA125,583398+114%
248Spokane County, WAWA558,344396+46%
249Centre County, PAPA157,393394+153%
250Dane County, WIWI590,375390−32%
251Monroe County, ININ143,345390+2686%
252Pinellas County, FLFL948,563389+386%
253Lynchburg, VAVA81,347388+2487%
254Atlantic County, NJNJ278,657385−45%
255Houston County, GAGA178,214383+411%
256Arlington County, VAVA243,931382+855%
257Pinal County, AZAZ539,380374+274%
258Muscogee County, GAGA202,171374+81%
259Alachua County, FLFL290,028372+115%
260Clarke County, GAGA129,921372+133%
261Androscoggin County, MEME116,487371+2992%
262Jefferson Parish, LALA431,398369+29%
263Nash County, NCNC99,365369
264Morris County, NJNJ524,251366+25%
265Leavenworth County, KSKS84,590363
266Thurston County, WAWA304,261363+598%
267Richmond, VAVA237,257360+900%
268Jefferson County, TXTX254,321359+55%
269Kendall County, ILIL145,470356+1878%
270Boone County, MOMO191,746354+832%
271Kitsap County, WAWA283,374349+482%
272Bristol County, MAMA593,640338+75%
273Williamson County, TNTN272,061336+784%
274Warren County, OHOH257,181332+1007%
275Payne County, OKOK83,889332
276Harrison County, MSMS217,136331
277Gordon County, GAGA61,701329
278Delaware County, OHOH242,032325+11%
279Carroll County, MDMD176,677325+460%
280Monroe County, MIMI156,004324
281Lancaster County, NENE334,049324+110%
282Madison County, ILIL263,110323+271%
283Muskegon County, MIMI177,901318+6260%
284Lancaster County, PAPA563,159316
285Ellis County, TXTX240,867316+710%
286Yolo County, CACA224,410316+1217%
287Boone County, ININ80,689314
288Cecil County, MDMD107,131313+566%
289St. Tammany Parish, LALA279,108312+791%
290Berkeley County, SCSC274,666312+537%
291Escambia County, FLFL333,834310+319%
292Champaign County, ILIL209,972310+126%
293Jefferson County, COCO580,451309+1243%
294Greene County, OHOH174,322308+177%
295St. Clair County, ILIL250,708306+278%
296Stafford County, VAVA170,803305+49%
297Osceola County, FLFL481,718303+155%
298Wagoner County, OKOK93,263301
299St. Johns County, FLFL346,328299
300Canadian County, OKOK187,189296+797%
301Harrison County, TXTX71,956295+954%
302Warren County, NJNJ112,953283+665%
303Cabarrus County, NCNC249,725281
304Luzerne County, PAPA332,126278+248%
305Mobile County, ALAL411,658277+413%
306Rensselaer County, NYNY160,510273+3313%
307Dinwiddie County, VAVA28,896273+2175%
308Okaloosa County, FLFL221,810273+2000%
309Rockdale County, GAGA98,416272+244%
310Monongalia County, WVWV107,991268+91%
311Alamance County, NCNC186,177267
312Johnston County, NCNC256,448265+3686%
313Sonoma County, CACA486,444265
314Tuscaloosa County, ALAL241,368264+82%
315Spartanburg County, SCSC380,857264+2540%
316Victoria County, TXTX92,656263+697%
317Peoria County, ILIL178,553261+178%
318Hampshire County, MAMA164,065260+341%
319Hillsborough County, NHNH433,415260+442%
320Allen County, ININ402,329256+43%
321Lee County, ALAL189,881255+59%
322Jackson County, MSMS147,666255
323Brevard County, FLFL663,982252+460%
324St. Mary's County, MDMD116,692251−7%
325Craighead County, ARAR116,957249
326Lehigh County, PAPA384,383247+166%
327Sandoval County, NMNM159,565245
328Canyon County, IDID275,123245
329Fairfield County, OHOH169,752244
330Placer County, CACA442,081243+2109%
331Orange County, NCNC152,498242+19%
332Johnson County, IAIA160,044239+4680%
333Dorchester County, SCSC178,397238
334Clay County, FLFL239,593238+2280%
335Comanche County, OKOK122,158237+80%
336Union County, NCNC267,674236+232%
337Ulster County, NYNY183,330236+215%
338Plymouth County, MAMA546,829235−10%
339Douglas County, KSKS120,920234
340Clackamas County, OROR426,280233+732%
341Caddo Parish, LALA224,226231+285%
342Forsyth County, GAGA282,805231+86%
343Nueces County, TXTX352,992229−24%
344Yakima County, WAWA259,185227
345Lauderdale County, MSMS70,317227+7467%
346Onslow County, NCNC217,175227+1521%
347McLean County, ILIL171,419225+188%
348Weld County, COCO378,426222
349Washington County, ARAR271,213221+1373%
350Grand Forks County, NDND74,501217+985%
351York County, SCSC306,887217
352Bradley County, TNTN115,465217+317%
353Charlottesville, VAVA44,388217+61%
354Wilson County, TNTN175,033216+2600%
355Ada County, IDID546,141216+1443%
356Wright County, MNMN157,559213+395%
357Gaston County, NCNC246,558212+144%
359Liberty County, GAGA70,313211−9%
360Allen County, OHOH100,881210+1135%
361Medina County, OHOH185,025210
362Boulder County, COCO328,560210+813%
363York County, PAPA473,197207−30%
364Iredell County, NCNC211,798203
365Anderson County, TXTX59,805203
366Rockwall County, TXTX140,738203+712%
367Penobscot County, MEME157,967202+648%
368Culpeper County, VAVA57,666201
369Camden County, GAGA60,143199+226%
370Winnebago County, WIWI174,218198+2375%
371Outagamie County, WIWI195,894198
372Rockingham County, NHNH324,077197+163%
373New Hanover County, NCNC245,959197+105%
374Kent County, RIRI173,495197+358%
375Licking County, OHOH185,564197
376Waukesha County, WIWI417,210197+49%
377Anchorage, AKAK287,155194+22%
378Stark County, OHOH373,771194
379Harrison County, WVWV64,221194
380Santa Barbara County, CACA442,065194+266%
381Tulare County, CACA485,146194+109%
382Beaver County, PAPA166,032192
383Spotsylvania County, VAVA155,388192+121%
384Gregg County, TXTX126,095190+764%
385Hancock County, ININ90,969190
386Isabella County, MIMI64,691188
387Ascension Parish, LALA135,105187
388Jim Wells County, TXTX38,804187
389St. Joseph County, ININ272,861187+619%
390Porter County, ININ176,049187
391Dorchester County, MDMD33,628186
392Butte County, CACA209,211182
393Lowndes County, GAGA122,867182+1038%
394Cumberland County, MEME317,222177+1867%
395Taylor County, TXTX150,077176+1000%
396Benton County, WAWA221,722175
397Northampton County, PAPA324,411174−55%
398St. Clair County, MIMI160,486173
399Wilson County, NCNC81,150173
400Marion County, OROR355,777171+1800%
401Lincoln County, SDSD77,145170
402Clinton County, NYNY78,138169
403Schenectady County, NYNY162,581169−8%
404Lafayette Parish, LALA257,949168+54%
405Wyandotte County, KSKS170,597168+950%
406Lake County, FLFL456,068167
407Mississippi County, ARAR37,828166+98%
408Lee County, MSMS83,731164
409Larimer County, COCO377,292164+356%
410Jackson County, GAGA99,265164
411Oneida County, NYNY226,392163+8050%
412Shawnee County, KSKS178,607162+142%
413Athens County, OHOH63,197158+953%
414Dougherty County, GAGA82,616158+587%
415Wayne County, NYNY91,250158
416Steuben County, NYNY91,855156
417Warren County, IAIA57,331155
418Navarro County, TXTX57,181154
419Trumbull County, OHOH198,972153
420Hunt County, TXTX123,336153+378%
421Tom Green County, TXTX120,602153+538%
422Ottawa County, MIMI308,459152
423Runnels County, TXTX9,693151
424Clay County, MOMO265,032151−43%
426Coryell County, TXTX85,592150
427Broome County, NYNY195,736149+776%
428Harnett County, NCNC150,137149
429Saginaw County, MIMI187,688148
430Santa Fe County, NMNM156,907147+145%
431Riley County, KSKS72,598147+568%
432Lebanon County, PAPA146,380147+1125%
433Coweta County, GAGA160,240146
434San Luis Obispo County, CACA282,367145+339%
435Nye County, NVNV57,336145
436Greene County, NYNY47,238145
437Olmsted County, MNMN166,731144+213%
438Clark County, ININ130,451143
439Portage County, OHOH163,404140+84%
440Cleveland County, OKOK303,973140−84%
441Lake County, OHOH232,217139
442Seneca County, OHOH54,522137
443Bibb County, GAGA157,556137−54%
444Spalding County, GAGA70,775137
445Niagara County, NYNY208,912136
446Newberry County, SCSC39,561136
447Glynn County, GAGA87,599135
448Calcasieu Parish, LALA208,466134+738%
449Mesa County, COCO162,845134
450Manatee County, FLFL468,200133+1230%
451Story County, IAIA101,291133−4%
452DeKalb County, ILIL101,835132+164%
453Williamson County, ILIL67,225132+300%
454Douglas County, COCO399,396131
455Sumner County, TNTN215,538130+364%
456Henry County, ININ49,137129
457Cass County, MOMO115,859128+1322%
458Emporia, VAVA5,447128
459Suffolk, VAVA104,699128+32%
460Ouachita Parish, LALA158,542126
461Washington County, PAPA210,802126
462Macon County, ILIL99,300125
463Warren County, MSMS41,759124
464Sarpy County, NENE208,303124+1450%
465Hunterdon County, NJNJ131,781124
466Prince Edward County, VAVA22,391124
467Whiteside County, ILIL54,121124
468Bartholomew County, ININ85,729120+36%
469Phelps County, MOMO45,247120−12%
470Benton County, ARAR332,554119+396%
471Washington County, MDMD157,731119−46%
472Kanawha County, WVWV172,381118+115%
473Highlands County, FLFL111,122118+1211%
474Wood County, OHOH134,176116+480%
475Rockbridge County, VAVA22,663116
476Westmoreland County, PAPA349,324116+107%
477Franklin County, KYKY52,649115
478Boone County, KYKY145,316114+68%
479Coconino County, AZAZ144,368112
480Williams County, NDND41,767112
481Albemarle County, VAVA118,356112+833%
482McDonough County, ILIL25,916112
483Columbia County, WIWI58,132111+1288%
484Johnson County, ININ174,262111
485Barrow County, GAGA99,773111−47%
486Allegan County, MIMI123,188110
487Columbiana County, OHOH99,377110+1122%
488Franklin County, NCNC82,037109
489Frederick County, VAVA99,955109
490Sebastian County, ARAR130,641108+671%
491Nevada County, CACA101,911108
492Florence County, SCSC138,504108
493Cabell County, WVWV91,183108
494Petersburg, VAVA33,734108
495Cortland County, NYNY45,850107
496Clark County, OHOH135,340107+328%
497Erie County, PAPA265,832107+245%
498Fayette County, ALAL15,872106
499Worcester County, MDMD54,459106
500Houghton County, MIMI37,842106+563%
SHOWING 1–500 OF 1,431
123
Download CSV (full list, 1,431 rows)

UPDATED 2026-07-15 · DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR ESTIMATES

Frequently asked

Which county has the highest nigerian population?

Harris County, Texas ranks #1 with 40,440 (2024 American Community Survey).

What are the top 5 counties by nigerian population?

Harris County, Texas, Prince George's County, Maryland, Cook County, Illinois, Fort Bend County, Texas, Los Angeles County, California.

How many counties are in this ranking?

1,431 counties qualify after filtering for population minimums and data availability. The ranking covers 2024 ACS 5-year data.

How is nigerian population measured?

Number of residents who are Nigerian ancestry (Ancestry, ACS detailed tables). Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2024).