CensusEasy
RANKING · 2010 CENSUS · 500 SHOWN OF 1,847

Highest South American population share, US counties · 2010

US counties ranked by the share of all residents who are South American origin (2023 American Community Survey). A concentration measure: South American residents as a percentage of total population. Miami-Dade County, Florida leads at 10.9%. 1,847 counties qualify in total. New Jersey carries 7 of the top 25 entries.

All statesAll rankings
SAME RANKING BYCitiesStatesMetros
RELATEDLargest Mexican populationHighest Mexican population shareLargest Puerto Rican populationHighest Puerto Rican population shareLargest Cuban populationHighest Cuban population share
YEAR201020202024
Filter by state
RANKPLACESTATEPOPSOUTH AMERICAN SHAREVS 2000
01Miami-Dade County, FLFL2,802,02910.9%
02Hudson County, NJNJ735,03310.9%
03Queens County, NYNY2,358,18210.0%
04Union County, NJNJ601,8638.4%
05Broward County, FLFL2,013,3178.2%
06Passaic County, NJNJ531,6248.2%
07Fairfax, VAVA26,7727.3%
08Osceola County, FLFL481,7185.6%
09Westchester County, NYNY1,015,7435.4%
10Essex County, NJNJ896,3795.4%
11Bergen County, NJNJ977,0264.7%
12Fairfax County, VAVA1,167,8734.5%
13Arlington County, VAVA243,9314.4%
14Orange County, FLFL1,528,0024.2%
15Morris County, NJNJ524,2514.2%
16Somerset County, NJNJ356,4863.8%
17Palm Beach County, FLFL1,575,7263.6%
18Montgomery County, MDMD1,074,5823.6%
19Manassas Park, VAVA16,5603.2%
20Loudoun County, VAVA449,7493.2%
21Prince William County, VAVA502,9663.1%
22Bronx County, NYNY1,406,3323.0%
23Seminole County, FLFL491,8842.9%
24Nassau County, NYNY1,398,9392.9%
25Suffolk County, NYNY1,546,0902.8%
26Collier County, FLFL417,1312.8%
27Middlesex County, NJNJ883,3352.6%
28Suffolk County, MAMA791,8912.6%
29Alexandria, VAVA160,6622.5%
30Hillsborough County, FLFL1,574,1152.4%
31New York County, NYNY1,664,8622.4%
32Monroe County, FLFL80,4062.3%
33Kings County, NYNY2,653,9632.2%
34Gwinnett County, GAGA1,018,0992.2%
35Providence County, RIRI678,1792.2%
36Richmond County, NYNY501,2902.1%
37Rockland County, NYNY357,3972.1%
38Lafayette County, FLFL8,7922.0%
39Mercer County, NJNJ399,2892.0%
40Telfair County, GAGA11,1952.0%
41Lee County, FLFL875,6072.0%
42St. Lucie County, FLFL402,4491.9%
43Atlantic County, NJNJ278,6571.9%
44Chattahoochee County, GAGA8,4651.9%
45Putnam County, NYNY99,0281.9%
46Glades County, FLFL13,2701.8%
47Cumberland County, VAVA10,3521.8%
48Gooding County, IDID16,4461.8%
49Orange County, NYNY417,6691.7%
50Alachua County, FLFL290,0281.7%
51Fort Bend County, TXTX975,1911.7%
52Rio Blanco County, COCO6,6831.6%
53Manassas, VAVA44,3321.6%
54Pasco County, FLFL674,5161.5%
55Sullivan County, NYNY80,5861.5%
56Monroe County, PAPA167,1791.5%
57Mecklenburg County, NCNC1,233,3831.4%
58Falls Church, VAVA15,1591.4%
59Platte County, NENE35,6491.4%
60Utah County, UTUT759,8591.4%
61Lake County, FLFL456,0681.4%
62Concho County, TXTX3,6071.4%
63Lehigh County, PAPA384,3831.3%
64Sussex County, NJNJ148,0631.3%
65Union County, NCNC267,6741.3%
66Blaine County, IDID25,5171.3%
67Montgomery County, NYNY50,0461.3%
68Flagler County, FLFL140,3601.3%
69Williamsburg, VAVA15,8611.3%
70Los Angeles County, CACA9,694,9341.2%
71Stafford County, VAVA170,8031.2%
72Frederick County, MDMD302,8831.2%
73Dutchess County, NYNY300,7081.2%
74Montgomery County, TXTX781,1941.2%
75San Mateo County, CACA743,5681.2%
76Manatee County, FLFL468,2001.2%
77Sarasota County, FLFL479,9581.2%
78Greenville County, SCSC583,1251.2%
79Warren County, NJNJ112,9531.2%
80Harris County, TXTX5,045,0261.2%
81Moffat County, COCO13,1221.2%
82Northampton County, PAPA324,4111.2%
83Salt Lake County, UTUT1,220,9161.1%
84District of Columbia, DCDC693,6451.1%
85Sherman County, TXTX2,7811.1%
86Ulster County, NYNY183,3301.1%
87Cumberland County, NJNJ157,1481.1%
88Beaufort County, SCSC204,4331.1%
89Catron County, NMNM3,8271.1%
90Jefferson County, OROR25,7401.1%
91Cobb County, GAGA793,3451.0%
92Clarke County, GAGA129,9211.0%
93Uinta County, WYWY20,7281.0%
94Hoke County, NCNC56,9391.0%
95Iredell County, NCNC211,7981.0%
96Contra Costa County, CACA1,170,0701.0%
97Marion County, FLFL442,6601.0%
98Accomack County, VAVA33,8591.0%
99Orange County, CACA3,149,5071.0%
100Pinellas County, FLFL948,5631.0%
101San Francisco County, CACA826,0791.0%
102Oconee County, GAGA44,8931.0%
103Ocean County, NJNJ673,7461.0%
104Marin County, CACA253,6941.0%
105Hunterdon County, NJNJ131,7811.0%
106Monmouth County, NJNJ651,0351.0%
107Winchester, VAVA28,2721.0%
108Dare County, NCNC38,2451.0%
109Cook County, ILIL5,194,6251.0%
110Fauquier County, VAVA76,5031.0%
111Martin County, FLFL166,2721.0%
112Rockwall County, TXTX140,7381.0%
113Middlesex County, MAMA1,669,9790.9%
114Worcester County, MAMA888,5020.9%
115Meagher County, MTMT2,1370.9%
116Volusia County, FLFL606,5730.9%
117Kane County, UTUT8,5970.9%
118Cherokee County, GAGA299,2730.9%
119Leon County, FLFL299,0480.9%
120Hendry County, FLFL48,2760.9%
121Brevard County, FLFL663,9820.9%
122Tompkins County, NYNY104,0470.9%
123Hennepin County, MNMN1,284,7840.9%
124Collin County, TXTX1,297,1790.9%
125Talbot County, MDMD38,2380.9%
126Barrow County, GAGA99,7730.9%
127Prince George's County, MDMD970,3740.9%
128Forsyth County, GAGA282,8050.8%
129Sublette County, WYWY8,9290.8%
130San Bernardino County, CACA2,224,0910.8%
131Staunton, VAVA26,8010.8%
132Indian River County, FLFL172,7990.8%
133Berks County, PAPA440,0720.8%
134Polk County, FLFL874,7900.8%
135Duval County, FLFL1,062,9630.8%
136Davis County, UTUT381,2270.8%
137Lexington, VAVA7,7690.8%
138Hillsborough County, NHNH433,4150.8%
139Hernando County, FLFL221,7010.8%
140Scott County, MSMS28,0730.8%
141Lawrence County, MOMO39,4010.8%
142Highlands County, FLFL111,1220.8%
143Fulton County, GAGA1,098,7910.8%
144Ventura County, CACA830,8510.8%
145Watonwan County, MNMN11,4590.8%
146Clark County, NVNV2,407,2260.8%
147Santa Clara County, CACA1,914,3910.8%
148Denton County, TXTX1,069,3460.8%
149Clay County, FLFL239,5930.8%
150Grant County, KSKS7,0280.7%
151Shenandoah County, VAVA45,8390.7%
152Alcorn County, MSMS34,5690.7%
153Bond County, ILIL16,9590.7%
154Brazos County, TXTX249,0880.7%
155Fredericksburg, VAVA30,3930.7%
156Gaston County, NCNC246,5580.7%
157Chautauqua County, KSKS3,3210.7%
158Cache County, UTUT145,0000.7%
159Hall County, GAGA226,5680.7%
160Forsyth County, NCNC401,7180.7%
161Pike County, PAPA62,8080.7%
162Jerome County, IDID26,3620.7%
163Jasper County, SCSC38,5330.7%
164Pitkin County, COCO16,6250.7%
165DuPage County, ILIL934,2980.7%
166Tooele County, UTUT87,4610.7%
167Jim Hogg County, TXTX4,5550.7%
168Franklin County, IDID15,8890.7%
169Berkshire County, MAMA128,2240.7%
170Columbia County, FLFL74,0940.7%
171Alameda County, CACA1,636,6300.7%
172St. Johns County, FLFL346,3280.7%
173Suwannee County, FLFL48,1490.7%
174Orange County, NCNC152,4980.7%
175Teton County, WYWY23,3330.7%
176New Castle County, DEDE588,0260.7%
177Grant County, NMNM27,2520.7%
178Camden County, NJNJ535,7990.7%
179Riverside County, CACA2,544,9160.7%
180Burlington County, NJNJ481,4390.7%
181Cabarrus County, NCNC249,7250.7%
182Dane County, WIWI590,3750.7%
183Scott County, TNTN22,6710.7%
184Sumter County, FLFL157,7720.7%
185Pawnee County, OKOK16,0290.7%
186Spotsylvania County, VAVA155,3880.6%
187Cumberland County, NCNC338,4730.6%
188Sweet Grass County, MTMT3,7620.6%
189Weber County, UTUT278,1740.6%
190Knox County, ILIL47,7670.6%
191Jefferson County, WVWV63,1020.6%
192Greenlee County, AZAZ9,3120.6%
193Yolo County, CACA224,4100.6%
194Durham County, NCNC347,2400.6%
195Essex County, MAMA826,6530.6%
196Broomfield County, COCO79,1740.6%
197Jones County, GAGA29,1710.6%
198Danville, VAVA41,6470.6%
199Howard County, MDMD339,1830.6%
200Carson City, NVNV58,5710.6%
201Clarke County, VAVA15,6090.6%
202Macon County, TNTN27,6630.6%
203Lake County, ILIL719,3390.6%
204Caroline County, MDMD34,1160.6%
205Virginia Beach, VAVA453,7370.6%
206DeKalb County, GAGA774,3940.6%
207Jefferson Parish, LALA431,3980.6%
208Norfolk, VAVA231,0130.6%
209Coweta County, GAGA160,2400.6%
210Henrico County, VAVA342,7750.6%
211Anchorage, AKAK287,1550.6%
212Cortland County, NYNY45,8500.6%
213Choctaw County, OKOK14,0590.6%
214Logan County, COCO20,6540.6%
215Johnson County, WYWY8,9080.6%
216Wake County, NCNC1,257,2350.6%
217Livingston County, MOMO14,7080.6%
218Orleans Parish, LALA362,1540.6%
219Onslow County, NCNC217,1750.6%
220Philadelphia County, PAPA1,574,2810.6%
221Frederick County, VAVA99,9550.6%
222Iosco County, MIMI25,2660.6%
223Dallas County, TXTX2,661,3970.6%
224Travis County, TXTX1,389,6700.6%
225Jeff Davis County, TXTX1,7110.6%
226Chesterfield County, VAVA397,1480.6%
227Slope County, NDND6280.6%
228Okeechobee County, FLFL42,6080.5%
229West Carroll Parish, LALA9,1560.5%
230Henry County, GAGA264,9220.5%
231San Diego County, CACA3,282,2480.5%
232Napa County, CACA132,9490.5%
233Coryell County, TXTX85,5920.5%
234Millard County, UTUT14,0570.5%
235San Benito County, CACA70,0820.5%
236Ohio County, KYKY23,9340.5%
237Banks County, GAGA21,2730.5%
238Fayette County, GAGA125,1560.5%
239Juneau, AKAK31,6090.5%
240Dauphin County, PAPA293,3510.5%
241Santa Cruz County, CACA258,8520.5%
242Washington County, OROR611,7080.5%
243Ward County, NDND68,2330.5%
244Brunswick County, NCNC174,7020.5%
245Montgomery County, VAVA98,4340.5%
246Champaign County, ILIL209,9720.5%
247Boulder County, COCO328,5600.5%
248Dallas County, IAIA118,4570.5%
249Norfolk County, MAMA739,7490.5%
250Robertson County, TNTN80,1750.5%
251Lyon County, KSKS32,2660.5%
252Baltimore, MDMD569,9970.5%
253Howard County, TXTX30,5040.5%
254Santa Barbara County, CACA442,0650.5%
255Hays County, TXTX304,3900.5%
256Hutchinson County, TXTX19,6330.5%
257San Juan County, WAWA18,5770.5%
258Baltimore County, MDMD847,6500.5%
259Delaware County, PAPA580,9370.5%
260Clayton County, GAGA297,4710.5%
261Sweetwater County, WYWY41,2670.5%
262Putnam County, MOMO4,5460.5%
263Charlottesville, VAVA44,3880.5%
264Campbell County, VAVA55,6290.5%
265Butte County, IDID2,7830.5%
266Summit County, COCO31,5170.5%
267Towns County, GAGA13,2850.5%
268Ford County, KSKS33,9930.5%
269Newport County, RIRI83,0510.5%
270Santa Fe County, NMNM156,9070.5%
271Kendall County, ILIL145,4700.5%
272Murray County, OKOK13,8050.5%
273King County, WAWA2,344,9390.5%
274Boone County, ILIL53,5680.5%
275Albany County, NYNY321,2250.5%
276Levy County, FLFL48,5200.5%
277Guilford County, NCNC562,2340.5%
278Schenectady County, NYNY162,5810.5%
279Charlotte County, FLFL217,2120.5%
281Brazoria County, TXTX419,0800.5%
282Arapahoe County, COCO673,8200.5%
283Sullivan County, MOMO5,7380.5%
284Buffalo County, NENE51,1720.5%
285Williamson County, TXTX752,8270.5%
286El Dorado County, CACA192,3230.5%
287Catawba County, NCNC170,1720.5%
288Anne Arundel County, MDMD603,3800.5%
289Washington County, UTUT213,6700.5%
290Washington County, MDMD157,7310.5%
291Kenai Peninsula, AKAK61,9510.5%
292Glenn County, CACA28,1410.5%
293Glynn County, GAGA87,5990.5%
294Harford County, MDMD266,4460.5%
295Garza County, TXTX4,5100.5%
296Santa Rosa County, FLFL211,1150.5%
297Elko County, NVNV54,8150.5%
298Tarrant County, TXTX2,248,4660.5%
299Douglas County, KSKS120,9200.5%
300Sussex County, DEDE277,1400.5%
301St. Bernard Parish, LALA45,6420.5%
302Meigs County, TNTN14,1860.5%
303Whitman County, WAWA48,5120.5%
304Lancaster County, PAPA563,1590.5%
305La Plata County, COCO56,8980.5%
306Maui County, HIHI160,5920.5%
307Cecil County, MDMD107,1310.5%
308Renville County, MNMN14,3560.5%
309Lincoln County, NCNC98,6540.5%
310Bell County, TXTX402,2480.4%
311Liberty County, GAGA70,3130.4%
312Worcester County, MDMD54,4590.4%
313Fairbanks North Star, AKAK93,9720.4%
314Bexar County, TXTX2,160,0880.4%
315Chemung County, NYNY80,4150.4%
316Centre County, PAPA157,3930.4%
317Carbon County, WYWY14,0130.4%
318Wichita County, TXTX129,5550.4%
319Hampshire County, MAMA164,0650.4%
320Hampden County, MAMA464,3380.4%
321Galveston County, TXTX372,2070.4%
322Escambia County, FLFL333,8340.4%
323Jefferson County, NYNY111,5400.4%
324Marion County, KYKY20,1150.4%
325Otsego County, NYNY60,5890.4%
326Dunn County, NDND4,0580.4%
327San Joaquin County, CACA823,8150.4%
328James City County, VAVA83,3260.4%
329Pender County, NCNC72,1110.4%
330Kane County, ILIL525,7570.4%
331Johnson County, IAIA160,0440.4%
332Montague County, TXTX21,9660.4%
333Barbour County, WVWV15,4140.4%
334Monterey County, CACA433,7290.4%
335Kent County, RIRI173,4950.4%
336Nolan County, TXTX14,1170.4%
337Garfield County, COCO63,4740.4%
338Adams County, WAWA21,4880.4%
339Will County, ILIL712,2530.4%
340Montgomery County, PAPA877,6430.4%
341Culpeper County, VAVA57,6660.4%
342Jenkins County, GAGA8,8430.4%
343Johnson County, KSKS636,9060.4%
344Pope County, ARAR64,9760.4%
345York County, SCSC306,8870.4%
346Pulaski County, MOMO54,4420.4%
347Warren County, NYNY65,0200.4%
348Wasatch County, UTUT38,5140.4%
349Dickens County, TXTX1,6920.4%
350Madison County, IDID55,1720.4%
351Sevier County, ARAR15,7580.4%
352Clear Creek County, COCO8,9940.4%
353Oktibbeha County, MSMS51,8960.4%
354Pinal County, AZAZ539,3800.4%
355Iowa County, WIWI23,9510.4%
356Cape May County, NJNJ93,3900.4%
357Buena Vista County, IAIA20,4490.4%
358Williamson County, TNTN272,0610.4%
359Baldwin County, ALAL267,7610.4%
360Bristol County, MAMA593,6400.4%
361Maricopa County, AZAZ4,689,5580.4%
362Chester County, PAPA557,1160.4%
363Goochland County, VAVA29,1870.4%
364Allegany County, NYNY46,8000.4%
365Geary County, KSKS36,3380.4%
366St. Tammany Parish, LALA279,1080.4%
367Essex County, VAVA10,6540.4%
368Newport News, VAVA183,2300.4%
369Polk County, NCNC20,5330.4%
370Rockingham County, VAVA89,3160.4%
371Hamilton County, TNTN390,8330.4%
372Monroe County, ININ143,3450.4%
373Solano County, CACA455,3760.4%
374Camden County, GAGA60,1430.4%
375Conejos County, COCO7,5290.4%
376Jessamine County, KYKY57,1470.4%
377Harrison County, ININ40,4370.4%
378Hampton, VAVA137,3150.4%
379Richmond, VAVA237,2570.4%
380Denver County, COCO740,6130.4%
381Amelia County, VAVA13,6320.4%
382Bernalillo County, NMNM667,6010.4%
383Madison County, MTMT10,0260.4%
384San Luis Obispo County, CACA282,3670.4%
385Cumberland County, TNTN66,3000.4%
386Bartow County, GAGA120,8000.4%
387York County, VAVA71,3740.4%
388Pima County, AZAZ1,074,6850.4%
389Fentress County, TNTN20,3220.4%
390Bucks County, PAPA647,8280.4%
391Bristol County, RIRI50,0010.4%
392Gloucester County, NJNJ312,6380.4%
393Chesapeake, VAVA255,3320.4%
394Toombs County, GAGA27,5450.4%
395Sacramento County, CACA1,618,4600.4%
396Plymouth County, MAMA546,8290.4%
397Carroll County, VAVA29,2990.4%
398Monongalia County, WVWV107,9910.4%
399White County, GAGA29,8020.4%
400Sauk County, WIWI66,6520.4%
401Douglas County, COCO399,3960.4%
402Albemarle County, VAVA118,3560.4%
403Luzerne County, PAPA332,1260.4%
404Tippecanoe County, ININ190,4560.4%
405Rutherford County, TNTN386,3520.4%
406Gordon County, GAGA61,7010.4%
407Cleveland County, OKOK303,9730.4%
408Jackson County, ILIL52,5010.4%
409Grafton County, NHNH93,2250.4%
410St. Joseph County, ININ272,8610.4%
411Rock County, NENE1,2590.4%
412Box Elder County, UTUT65,3200.4%
413Botetourt County, VAVA34,1440.4%
414Benton County, OROR97,7280.4%
415Box Butte County, NENE10,4940.4%
416Cochise County, AZAZ126,3320.4%
417Genesee County, NYNY58,4160.4%
418Eagle County, COCO54,2910.4%
419Dakota County, MNMN457,7100.4%
420Warrick County, ININ66,8030.4%
421Clinton County, MOMO21,6610.4%
422Washoe County, NVNV509,3860.4%
423Snohomish County, WAWA870,6560.4%
424Franklin County, ALAL32,4490.4%
425Jackson County, GAGA99,2650.4%
426Caroline County, VAVA34,4130.4%
427Taylor County, TXTX150,0770.4%
428Mesa County, COCO162,8450.4%
429Roanoke County, VAVA97,1500.4%
430Horry County, SCSC427,5510.4%
431King George County, VAVA29,6460.4%
432Jefferson County, COCO580,4510.4%
433Chatham County, GAGA311,8550.3%
434Athens County, OHOH63,1970.3%
435Charleston County, SCSC436,2000.3%
436Bourbon County, KYKY20,2430.3%
437McClain County, OKOK49,6470.3%
438Whitfield County, GAGA106,2120.3%
439Macon County, NCNC39,2320.3%
440Charles County, MDMD176,5930.3%
441Lackawanna County, PAPA216,5020.3%
442Hampton County, SCSC18,1740.3%
443Sonoma County, CACA486,4440.3%
444Nassau County, FLFL106,8790.3%
445Livingston Parish, LALA155,0360.3%
446Austin County, TXTX33,6250.3%
447Oklahoma County, OKOK822,1250.3%
448Hendricks County, ININ193,5100.3%
449Adair County, MOMO25,6840.3%
450Hamilton County, ININ387,0360.3%
451Milwaukee County, WIWI924,2160.3%
452Douglas County, GAGA154,2930.3%
453Thomas County, GAGA46,3680.3%
454Grand Forks County, NDND74,5010.3%
455Ramsey County, MNMN541,6230.3%
456Lyon County, MNMN25,6840.3%
457Los Alamos County, NMNM19,4070.3%
458Harrison County, MSMS217,1360.3%
459Macon County, ILIL99,3000.3%
460Gloucester County, VAVA40,0970.3%
461Lynchburg, VAVA81,3470.3%
462Fayette County, KYKY329,7510.3%
463Kern County, CACA927,0680.3%
464St. Mary's County, MDMD116,6920.3%
465Lincoln County, SDSD77,1450.3%
466McHenry County, ILIL317,7510.3%
467Paulding County, GAGA190,9960.3%
468New Hanover County, NCNC245,9590.3%
469Hanover County, VAVA116,4230.3%
470Tulsa County, OKOK698,7820.3%
471Snyder County, PAPA39,6550.3%
472Teton County, IDID13,2540.3%
473Hartley County, TXTX4,9040.3%
474Montrose County, COCO44,5910.3%
475Washington County, NENE21,3020.3%
476Winnebago County, ILIL283,6740.3%
477Jefferson County, TXTX254,3210.3%
478Shelby County, ALAL238,5520.3%
479Lafayette Parish, LALA257,9490.3%
480Nueces County, TXTX352,9920.3%
481Henderson County, NCNC122,3750.3%
482Berkeley County, SCSC274,6660.3%
483Oneida County, NYNY226,3920.3%
484San Miguel County, NMNM26,2600.3%
485Clackamas County, OROR426,2800.3%
486Martinsville, VAVA13,8490.3%
487Kent County, DEDE194,7860.3%
488Wichita County, KSKS2,0310.3%
489Mobile County, ALAL411,6580.3%
490St. Louis County, MOMO990,9110.3%
491Wayne County, PAPA51,7030.3%
492Okaloosa County, FLFL221,8100.3%
493Berkeley County, WVWV139,5220.3%
494Warren County, KYKY149,3750.3%
495Benton County, MNMN41,7440.3%
496Gray County, KSKS5,6520.3%
497Hill County, MTMT16,1670.3%
498Adams County, COCO554,6680.3%
499Wayne County, MSMS19,8070.3%
500Carroll County, MDMD176,6770.3%
SHOWING 1–500 OF 1,847
1234
Download CSV (full list, 1,847 rows)

UPDATED 2026-06-06 · DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR ESTIMATES

Frequently asked

Which county has the highest south american share?

Miami-Dade County, Florida ranks #1 with 10.9% (2010 American Community Survey).

What are the top 5 counties by south american share?

Miami-Dade County, Florida, Hudson County, New Jersey, Queens County, New York, Union County, New Jersey, Broward County, Florida.

How many counties are in this ranking?

1,847 counties qualify after filtering for population minimums and data availability. The ranking covers 2010 ACS 5-year data.

How is south american share measured?

Share of all residents who are South American origin (Hispanic origin, ACS detailed tables). Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2010).