Which city has the highest asian population?

New York, New York ranks #1 with 1,240,270 (2024 American Community Survey).

What are the top 5 cities by asian population?

New York, New York, Los Angeles, California, San Jose, California, San Francisco, California, San Diego, California.

How many cities are in this ranking?

6,826 cities qualify after filtering for population minimums and data availability (minimum 5,000 residents). The ranking covers 2024 ACS 5-year data.

How is asian population measured?

Number of residents who are Asian (derived from the ACS race table B03002). Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates (2024).

RANKING · 2024 ACS · 500 SHOWN OF 6,826

Largest Asian population, US cities

US cities ranked by the number of residents who are Asian, from the 2024 American Community Survey (table B03002). Each list covers the full eligible universe; download the complete data as CSV.

All statesPop > 5KAll rankings

SAME RANKING BYCounties States Metros

YEAR1990 2024

RANKPLACESTATEPOPASIAN POPULATIONVS 1990

5001Pleasanton, TXTX11,51195+86%

5002Waycross, GAGA13,93695+10%

5003Wheeling, WVWV25,68095−38%

5004Altoona, WIWI9,37695+428%

5005Portage, WIWI9,95695+116%

5006Moss Bluff, LALA12,48295–

5007Saginaw, MIMI42,86395−67%

5008Lincoln, OHOH8,92895−13%

5009Grayson Valley, ALAL6,07795–

5010Putnam, CTCT7,12095–

5011Ashtabula, OHOH17,47495−23%

5012Waterville, OHOH6,03795−3%

5013Huntingburg, ININ6,52295+400%

5014Mount Joy, PAPA8,31994–

5015Burton, MIMI29,31394+27%

5016Middle Island, NYNY11,02794−7%

5017Moyock, NCNC5,68494–

5018Reading, OHOH10,49194+52%

5019Eldorado at Santa Fe, NMNM5,61994+571%

5020Harper Woods, MIMI14,86094−22%

5021Artesia, NMNM12,73594+755%

5022Tea, SDSD8,01993–

5023Sandpoint, IDID10,64593+520%

5024Woods Cross, UTUT11,42993+18%

5025Mount Sterling, KYKY7,58693–

5026Quincy, WAWA8,51093+66%

5027Farmington, MOMO19,22693+244%

5028Cambria, CACA5,97893+48%

5029Southwood Acres, CTCT8,11593+116%

5030Whitmore Lake, MIMI7,87893+933%

5031East Shoreham, NYNY7,32193+24%

5032Glenshaw, PAPA9,13993–

5033Toppenish, WAWA8,63593–

5034Payson, AZAZ16,69393+520%

5035St. Helena, CACA5,19493−12%

5036White Hall, ARAR5,53293–

5037McFarland, CACA14,70993−15%

5038Alexandria, MNMN15,04593+41%

5039Clearfield, PAPA5,75392+119%

5040Bayonet Point, FLFL23,82292–

5041Abingdon, MDMD5,01992–

5042Shelton, WAWA10,92192−38%

5043Benton Park, CACA5,70792–

5044Wilmington, OHOH12,80292+124%

5045Hillcrest Heights, MDMD16,06392−41%

5046Emmett, IDID8,90092+1433%

5047Brandon, MSMS26,12292−32%

5048North Vernon, ININ6,55992+1214%

5049Flushing, MIMI8,17592+254%

5050Bristol, TNTN28,10791−5%

5051Pigeon Forge, TNTN6,59891–

5052Decatur, TXTX9,02991+122%

5053East Milton, FLFL14,78391–

5054Weslaco, TXTX44,20391+32%

5055Riverton, WYWY10,91091+20%

5056Galliano, LALA5,90691–

5057Cadillac, MIMI10,43891+21%

5058Medina, NYNY5,85591−11%

5059Woodmoor, COCO8,93491+1200%

5060Booneville, MSMS9,25791+507%

5061Horseheads, NYNY6,27591−24%

5062Jeannette, PAPA8,48990+2150%

5063Medulla, FLFL10,98590+2150%

5064Moab, UTUT5,20690+500%

5065Ashland, VAVA7,98290+84%

5066South Beloit, ILIL7,99690+900%

5067Edgerton, WIWI6,12190–

5068Cedartown, GAGA10,51490+181%

5069Bellingham, MAMA5,32590+1186%

5070Colusa, CACA6,51990−41%

5071Martinsville, ININ12,14190+463%

5072Lewistown, PAPA8,38589+305%

5073Rainbow Springs, FLFL6,08289–

5074Ivins, UTUT11,54689+4350%

5075Kelso, WAWA12,80189−37%

5076Whiteland, ININ5,88489+585%

5077Petoskey, MIMI5,77289+22%

5078West Glens Falls, NYNY10,05089+44%

5079Garden City, IDID13,04789+3%

5080Groesbeck, OHOH7,82489+1171%

5081Devils Lake, NDND7,33389–

5082Minooka, ILIL12,89989–

5083El Reno, OKOK20,73089+1%

5084Bennettsville, SCSC7,56588+203%

5085Mapleton, UTUT16,27588–

5086Buckhannon, WVWV5,05488+363%

5087Vienna, WVWV10,32188−18%

5088Spring Creek, NVNV14,73988+83%

5089Offutt AFB, NENE6,07488–

5090Lockport, NYNY20,24888+7%

5091Clemson University, SCSC7,01588–

5092Scappoose, OROR8,25788–

5093Ludington, MIMI7,63488–

5094New Prague, MNMN8,23888+363%

5095Marshall, MOMO13,76688+363%

5096Lincoln, ILIL12,98188+57%

5097Breckenridge, TXTX5,12387+988%

5098Mount Airy, MDMD9,85787–

5099Hubbard, OHOH7,52887+102%

5100Garden City, SCSC11,59187–

5101Mentor-on-the-Lake, OHOH7,12087+64%

5102Chicago Heights, ILIL26,50887−28%

5103Gridley, CACA7,25887−54%

5104Sarasota Springs, FLFL12,611860%

5105Angola, ININ9,36686+72%

5106Suamico, WIWI13,15386–

5107Fair Plain, MIMI7,33086+9%

5108Country Lake Estates, NJNJ5,05586−45%

5109Chesterland, OHOH7,08686–

5110Harvest, ALAL5,95586+514%

5111Battlefield, MOMO6,36186+2050%

5112Oakdale, NYNY7,11586+32%

5113Creston, IAIA7,33586+95%

5114Coatesville, PAPA13,28385+20%

5115Millersville, TNTN6,43885–

5116Monahans, TXTX7,42785–

5117Tarpon Springs, FLFL25,60285−49%

5118Vinton, VAVA7,96785+1114%

5119Sturgeon Bay, WIWI9,91785+254%

5120Kearney, MOMO11,29685–

5121Wetumpka, ALAL7,53585+673%

5122Albertville, MNMN8,54485–

5123Hardeeville, SCSC16,45984+600%

5124Barnesville, GAGA6,32984+1580%

5125Clayton, NJNJ9,04184–

5126Grain Valley, MOMO16,90884–

5127Westport, NCNC5,91584–

5128Briar, TXTX7,22884+367%

5129Glennville, GAGA5,02384+1300%

5130Cahokia Heights, ILIL16,87484–

5131Grand Rapids, MNMN11,18184+223%

5132Island Park, NYNY5,06984+12%

5133Morris, ILIL14,66984+121%

5134Kingfisher, OKOK5,20183–

5135Connellsville, PAPA6,57483+315%

5136Hazleton, PAPA30,28683−53%

5137Oil City, PAPA9,30183+246%

5138Marshall, TXTX24,46783−23%

5139Plain City, UTUT9,25683+168%

5140Hurricane, WVWV7,36783+168%

5141Marshall, MIMI6,80083+538%

5142Stayton, OROR8,48883+277%

5143Florence-Graham, CACA60,69083−26%

5144Redlands, COCO8,86883+246%

5145Villa Hills, KYKY7,79783+28%

5146Stokesdale, NCNC6,13383–

5147Brigham City, UTUT20,63382−53%

5148Brookhaven, MSMS11,64682–

5149Ranchettes, WYWY5,94982+413%

5150Oakhurst, CACA6,09182+134%

5151Walnut Park, CACA14,95882−25%

5152Gulf Park Estates, MSMS6,26482+1267%

5153Medina, OHOH25,69282+141%

5154Perry, FLFL7,33082−13%

5155Crescent City, CACA6,00282−15%

5156Centerville, IAIA5,32782+82%

5157Prairie Grove, ARAR8,99882+925%

5158Garrett, ININ6,69482–

5159Lockhart, TXTX18,15981+37%

5160Stanwood, WAWA9,42181+224%

5161Coral Hills, MDMD9,75681+406%

5162Buellton, CACA5,15881+37%

5163Gunnison, COCO6,83681+42%

5164Greenville, ILIL7,46981+523%

5165Solvay, NYNY6,42781–

5166Crookston, MNMN7,37581+479%

5167Amityville, NYNY9,79981−33%

5168Blanchard, OKOK10,01381–

5169Edinboro, PAPA5,79080−29%

5170Crete, ILIL8,34580+95%

5171Stoughton, WIWI13,25680+63%

5172Tomah, WIWI9,60080−10%

5173Portales, NMNM11,73480−12%

5174Harris Hill, NYNY6,06980+43%

5175Norwich, NYNY6,53880+300%

5176Oconomowoc, WIWI20,11980+40%

5177Indiantown, FLFL6,82680–

5178Alliance, OHOH21,58280−35%

5179Lock Haven, PAPA8,50079−18%

5180James Island, SCSC12,66079–

5181Strasburg, VAVA7,38079+243%

5182Clarksburg, WVWV15,56279+193%

5183Northchase, NCNC5,89679–

5184East Bakersfield, CACA11,06279–

5185The Dalles, OROR15,74579–

5186Summit, WAWA8,791790%

5187Beacon Square, FLFL7,89579+46%

5188Surfside, FLFL5,59179–

5189Peru, ILIL9,78079+36%

5190Sandwich, ILIL7,38079+888%

5191Rockingham, NCNC8,81579+27%

5192Bridgewater, VAVA6,92478+111%

5193Pana, ILIL5,01078+2500%

5194Glassmanor, MDMD16,98178–

5195Shields, MIMI7,40278+420%

5196Kennett, MOMO10,11878+550%

5197Thompsonville, CTCT7,92778−33%

5198Seagoville, TXTX21,07778−37%

5199St. Augustine Shores, FLFL9,46278+70%

5200Washingtonville, NYNY5,64078+129%

5201Douglas, AZAZ16,03878+11%

5202Clarinda, IAIA5,27378+550%

5203Troy, ILIL11,89378+117%

5204Albion, MIMI7,47478+37%

5205Carolina Beach, NCNC6,87078–

5206Plymouth, ININ11,08178+271%

5207Ashland, KYKY20,99678−43%

5208New Port Richey, FLFL18,29977−47%

5209South Gate Ridge, FLFL5,31077+108%

5210Howell, MIMI9,89677+7%

5211Shelburne, VTVT6,49977–

5212East Rancho Dominguez, CACA14,60377–

5213Anniston, ALAL20,93077−67%

5214Lincoln, ALAL8,11077–

5215Princeton, ININ8,52477+40%

5216Cottleville, MOMO6,71777+670%

5217Okmulgee, OKOK11,39476+105%

5218Spearfish, SDSD14,15476+986%

5219Ave Maria, FLFL8,25876–

5220Lake Dallas, TXTX7,85276–

5221Bristol, VAVA16,41876−41%

5222Covington, VAVA5,68076+591%

5223Baldwinsville, NYNY7,58276+262%

5224Holly Ridge, NCNC5,90876+1420%

5225Uniontown, PAPA9,43476+375%

5226Cloverleaf, TXTX24,06376−68%

5227Interlaken, CACA8,06876−86%

5228Hollywood, SCSC5,65276–

5229Gering, NENE8,53576+230%

5230Oak Grove, MOMO9,37076+591%

5231Milford, MIMI6,52076−15%

5232Henderson, TXTX13,49675+241%

5233Baraboo, WIWI13,22475+971%

5234Hutchinson, MNMN14,65575+60%

5235Canal Winchester, OHOH10,05875+1400%

5236Suncrest, WAWA5,34575–

5237Danville, KYKY17,73675+63%

5238Highland Lakes, ALAL5,86675–

5239Anamosa, IAIA5,90175+1400%

5240Logan, OHOH7,16475+70%

5241Ridley Park, PAPA7,25574+10%

5242Olympia Heights, FLFL12,39974−82%

5243Fitzgerald, GAGA8,88274+270%

5244Chaparral, NMNM18,18674+825%

5245North Madison, OHOH8,59474+363%

5246Little River, SCSC11,77174–

5247Tillamook, OROR5,16274+1133%

5248Commerce, GAGA9,30374+289%

5249Cañon City, COCO17,03074+252%

5250Roeland Park, KSKS6,68374−44%

5251Saline, MIMI9,00174−39%

5252Pevely, MOMO6,23974–

5253Scottsbluff, NENE14,25974−11%

5254Dayton, TNTN7,81973–

5255Atlanta, TXTX5,47873–

5256Bonham, TXTX11,26373+33%

5257Carthage, TXTX6,64073+128%

5258Dade City, FLFL10,17373+813%

5259River Oaks, TXTX7,46773+33%

5260River Ridge, LALA13,31273+33%

5261Shiprock, NMNM7,61073+356%

5262Corona de Tucson, AZAZ9,56673–

5263East Quogue, NYNY5,40673+630%

5264Coolidge, AZAZ19,95973−23%

5265Wellington, COCO12,16973–

5266Park Forest, ILIL21,07973−74%

5267Sheldon, IAIA5,57573+217%

5268Duryea, PAPA5,15772–

5269Seneca, SCSC9,42472+454%

5270Bath, MEME8,83572+9%

5271Castroville, CACA6,72072−75%

5272Village Green-Green Ridge, PAPA9,07372+106%

5273Saraland, ALAL16,65272–

5274Ponchatoula, LALA7,75572–

5275Sparta, WIWI9,97471+54%

5276Haysville, KSKS11,35371−47%

5277York, NENE8,28471+54%

5278Ogdensburg, NYNY9,12371−4%

5279Bryan, OHOH8,57971–

5280Leisure City, FLFL27,80871−74%

5281Bainbridge, OHOH8,62371+54%

5282Desert Palms, CACA6,57971–

5283Hingham, MAMA5,13071+373%

5284Middleton, IDID12,60071–

5285Frankfort, ININ16,83771+69%

5286Eaton, COCO5,84871+274%

5287Bellevue, PAPA7,88870+159%

5288Butler, PAPA12,87970−10%

5289East Falmouth, MAMA6,24570+233%

5290Kingsland, TXTX7,33070–

5291Centerville, SCSC7,04970–

5292Sun Lakes, AZAZ13,92470+678%

5293White Knoll, SCSC8,31070–

5294Mystic Island, NJNJ8,25970+338%

5295Yorketown, NJNJ7,26170−60%

5296Port Wentworth, GAGA17,60470+250%

5297Spring Grove, ILIL5,52670+3400%

5298Corrales, NMNM8,48470+150%

5299Elko New Market, MNMN5,30070–

5300Troy, MOMO15,20170+268%

5301Pleasantville, NYNY7,39170−69%

5302El Campo, TXTX12,14269+156%

5303Presque Isle, MEME8,69469+1050%

5304Margate City, NJNJ5,19469+200%

5305Oceano, CACA7,12869−33%

5306Glendale, MOMO6,06069–

5307South Valley, NMNM37,12069+82%

5308Coachella, CACA45,41169+57%

5309Stickney, ILIL6,89769−23%

5310Carl Junction, MOMO8,48469+1280%

5311Greeneville, TNTN16,14168+1600%

5312Port Salerno, FLFL11,18468+127%

5313Samoset, FLFL5,28468–

5314Ephraim, UTUT6,39368−66%

5315Fort Atkinson, WIWI12,38868−16%

5316Bladensburg, MDMD9,67168−62%

5317Sanger, TXTX10,23868–

5318Brattleboro, VTVT7,65768−50%

5319Lake Wisconsin, WIWI5,38468+3300%

5320Verde, AZAZ11,93068–

5321Valley Falls, RIRI12,65768–

5322Lancaster, SCSC9,62368+1033%

5323Winters, CACA8,21468−25%

5324Newcastle, OKOK15,19868+353%

5325Milan, ILIL5,02868+518%

5326London, KYKY7,63768–

5327Tecumseh, MIMI8,60868+19%

5328West Plains, MOMO12,78068+467%

5329Washington, ININ12,99168–

5330Gibsonville, NCNC9,87668–

5331Estacada, OROR5,81467+347%

5332Bridgeport, TXTX6,91567–

5333Liberty, TXTX9,13367+509%

5334Omak, WAWA5,18567+168%

5335Williamson, AZAZ6,31067–

5336Camden, ARAR10,12767–

5337Gantt, SCSC15,40167+52%

5338Pocahontas, ARAR7,62267+857%

5339Rifle, COCO10,84467+509%

5340Geneseo, ILIL6,50567+5%

5341Olney, ILIL8,34767+738%

5342Guthrie, OKOK12,25767+86%

5343Eatonton, GAGA6,74966−56%

5344Myrtle Grove, NCNC12,63766+175%

5345Eastlake, OHOH17,35766−64%

5346Vermilion, OHOH10,69566+144%

5347Guntersville, ALAL9,39466–

5348Candler-McAfee, GAGA20,90566−3%

5349Cottonwood, AZAZ12,70966+100%

5350Nogales, AZAZ19,49566+843%

5351Ishpeming, MIMI6,20566+3200%

5352Fairmont, MNMN10,09966−4%

5353Lehighton, PAPA5,23265–

5354Adams, MAMA5,42765+983%

5355Laughlin, NVNV8,78965+16%

5356Airmont, NYNY10,63465−72%

5357Lake Shore, WAWA6,97865−49%

5358Bedford, VAVA7,91165+20%

5359Northwest Harbor, NYNY5,20565+55%

5360St. Augustine Beach, FLFL6,81065+829%

5361Brazil, ININ8,34365–

5362Arkansas City, KSKS11,80065−10%

5363New Baltimore, MIMI12,12365+829%

5364Little Falls, MNMN9,277650%

5365Hollidaysburg, PAPA5,47064+482%

5366Yankton, SDSD15,81664+121%

5367Graham, TXTX8,81464−3%

5368Salem Lakes, WIWI14,27164–

5369Lake of the Pines, CACA5,46164+100%

5370New Port Richey East, FLFL11,93964−15%

5371Parker, SCSC12,89864–

5372Marlton, MDMD10,22264−25%

5373Stone Mountain, GAGA6,56264−47%

5374Sylvester, GAGA5,43064–

5375Covington, LALA11,72164+129%

5376Lake City, MNMN5,30664+52%

5377Oceanport, NJNJ6,54064−48%

5378Elizabethton, TNTN14,35063+66%

5379Ingleside, TXTX10,08563+600%

5380Trenton, MOMO5,55763–

5381Belle Glade, FLFL17,24163+85%

5382Glencoe, ALAL5,42663+800%

5383Kewanee, ILIL12,11563+13%

5384Weiser, IDID6,24963−29%

5385Bethalto, ILIL9,20263–

5386Lapeer, MIMI9,20163+271%

5387Salem, ILIL7,03563−77%

5388Brighton, MIMI7,90463+271%

5389Lower Burrell, PAPA11,47062+11%

5390Buena Vista, VAVA6,67262−5%

5391Allouez, WIWI13,83862–

5392Dunlap, ININ6,10962+786%

5393South Lockport, NYNY9,14462+589%

5394Hampstead, NCNC9,29262–

5395Schlusser, PAPA5,40262+226%

5396White City, OROR10,75062+44%

5397Evergreen, COCO8,60262+244%

5398Bryans Road, MDMD9,37162−39%

5399Somerset, PAPA5,81561+56%

5400Los Fresnos, TXTX8,70361+2950%

5401Pulaski, VAVA8,80761+126%

5402Dunbar, WVWV7,05061−26%

5403Slinger, WIWI6,49561+1933%

5404Lillington, NCNC5,04061–

5405Ville Platte, LALA6,17261–

5406Helena Valley Southeast, MTMT9,10861+336%

5407Oak Island, NCNC9,33761–

5408Pea Ridge, ARAR11,23361–

5409Rathdrum, IDID13,22761+1425%

5410Middlesborough, KYKY8,77661+97%

5411Round Lake Park, ILIL7,84461+1120%

5412Niles, MIMI11,66561+9%

5413Southgate, FLFL5,77260–

5414Vidor, TXTX9,59760+150%

5415Sumner, WAWA10,87160−46%

5416Cave Creek, AZAZ5,16060–

5417Cloverdale, CACA8,70160+94%

5418Greenwood, MSMS13,42960−61%

5419Chanute, KSKS8,58460+362%

5420Harrisburg, SDSD10,40559–

5421Burnet, TXTX6,93959+211%

5422Jacksonville, TXTX14,65859−64%

5423Martinsburg, WVWV19,21159−60%

5424Murphy, MOMO8,28559+392%

5425Whitfield, PAPA5,22659+638%

5426Sound Beach, NYNY7,21059−29%

5427Newport, ARAR8,19359–

5428Glenwood Springs, COCO10,39559+321%

5429Temple, GAGA6,56459–

5430Fernandina Beach, FLFL13,86959+37%

5431Arkadelphia, ARAR9,91659+79%

5432Reidsville, NCNC14,69259+111%

5433Winston, OROR5,68058+132%

5434Andrews, TXTX13,66558−12%

5435Lamesa, TXTX8,10358–

5436Pelican Bay, FLFL6,15958–

5437Mayo, MDMD8,69458–

5438Freeland, MIMI7,55758–

5439Belgrade, MTMT13,10758+625%

5440Bloomfield, NMNM7,33558+625%

5441Tellico, TNTN7,41458–

5442Picture Rocks, AZAZ9,44858+1833%

5443Hot Springs, ARAR16,32758–

5444Powell, WYWY6,57458–

5445Covington, GAGA17,47758+241%

5446Fultondale, ALAL9,30758–

5447Gardendale, ALAL16,42558–

5448Guadalupe, AZAZ5,09358+1350%

5449Longboat Key, FLFL7,35958+115%

5450Palos Heights, ILIL12,08458−82%

5451Mayfield, KYKY9,85157–

5452Audubon, NJNJ8,82557+613%

5453Murrells Inlet, SCSC10,04457+171%

5454Hope, ARAR8,44557+12%

5455Highland Springs, VAVA14,29657−47%

5456Wapakoneta, OHOH9,71157+90%

5457Noble, OKOK7,74857–

5458Aquia Harbour, VAVA7,48157−50%

5459Romulus, MIMI24,54757−65%

5460Cullman, ALAL20,79957+104%

5461Shanor-Northvue, PAPA5,12557−50%

5462Fruita, COCO14,00357+217%

5463Eagle, COCO7,28057–

5464Benton, ILIL6,55857+16%

5465Versailles, KYKY10,73457–

5466Seward, NENE7,89257+850%

5467Willard, OHOH6,13057+128%

5468Jan Phyl, FLFL5,70856−47%

5469Robinson, TXTX13,02856+211%

5470Calumet City, ILIL34,79856−75%

5471Bluefield, WVWV9,15856−30%

5472Nantucket, MAMA10,01756–

5473St. Johns, MIMI7,78056+833%

5474Silver Springs, NVNV5,06056+700%

5475El Cerro Mission, NMNM5,32356–

5476Cullowhee, NCNC7,97356+33%

5477Deschutes River Woods, OROR5,79756+700%

5478Sweet Home, OROR10,30856+24%

5479Mead, WAWA6,89356–

5480Crawfordville, FLFL5,73256–

5481Red Chute, LALA6,52656+211%

5482Centerport, NYNY6,07256+155%

5483Orange Cove, CACA9,81156−61%

5484Charlestown, ININ8,80256+87%

5485Country Club Hills, ILIL16,21556−83%

5486McComb, MSMS11,69756+300%

5487Fort Madison, IAIA9,93556+167%

5488Belmar, NJNJ5,85356+700%

5489Woodward, OKOK11,63555−8%

5490Aliquippa, PAPA9,00255+1000%

5491Latrobe, PAPA7,82655+1275%

5492Fredericksburg, TXTX11,89355–

5493Lacy-Lakeview, TXTX7,24055+189%

5494Siesta Key, FLFL5,52555–

5495Roosevelt, UTUT7,03255+1000%

5496Port Townsend, WAWA10,67855−38%

5497Canfield, OHOH7,58455+49%

5498San Juan, TXTX37,86855–

5499Bensley, VAVA5,94955−79%

5500Boyes Hot Springs, CACA7,24755−56%

SHOWING 5,001–5,500 OF 6,826

1…10 11 12…14

Download CSV (full list, 6,826 rows)

UPDATED 2026-09-11 · DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR ESTIMATES