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STATE · ADMITTED 1819 · 2010 ACS

Alabama

4,779,736 residents · 67 counties · 594 cities · 50,645 sq mi · 1,437 census tracts
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The short version

Alabama is home to 4,779,736 people. The typical home is worth $117,600, having risen by half since 2000. 3% of residents were born outside the United States. About 22% of adults have finished a four-year degree. Median household income is $42,081, under the $52,703 national median. 17.1% of residents live below the federal poverty line.

AL
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
4,779,736
+7%since 2000
from 4,447,100 in 2000
1990 – 2024
Median age
37.9
+6%since 2000
from 35.8 in 2000
US average: 37.2
Land area
50,645 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
3.9M4.2M4.6M4.9M5.2M19902000201020202024Alabama
20245.1M
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2010
Under 56.4%(304,957)
US avg: 6.5%
5 to 96.4%(308,229)
US avg: 6.6%
10 to 146.7%(319,655)
US avg: 6.7%
15 to 197.2%(343,471)
US avg: 7.1%
20 to 247%(335,322)
US avg: 7%
25 to 3412.7%(608,922)
US avg: 13.3%
35 to 4413%(619,501)
US avg: 13.3%
45 to 5414.5%(693,854)
US avg: 14.6%
55 to 6412.3%(588,033)
US avg: 11.8%
65 to 747.8%(370,501)
US avg: 7%
75 to 844.4%(211,607)
US avg: 4.2%
85 and over1.6%(75,684)
US avg: 1.8%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$42,081
−3%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $34,135 in 2000
US average: $52,703
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$22,984
+26%since 2000
from $18,189 in 2000
US average: $27,286
Households earning $100K+
25.1%
+0.9 ptssince 2009
from 24.3% in 2009
US average: 33.3%
Poverty rate
17.1%
+1.0 ptssince 2000
from 16.1% in 2000
US average: 13.8%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.470
US average: 0.461
Workforce by industry, 2010
Retail trade14.5%
US avg: 10.9%
Information12%
US avg: 11.5%
Wholesale trade7.9%
US avg: 7.2%
Other services5.8%
US avg: 7%
Finance & insurance5.3%
US avg: 5.1%
Public administration4.1%
US avg: 4.9%
Professional, scientific, technical3.9%
US avg: 4.2%
Transportation & warehousing3.1%
US avg: 3.1%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing1.9%
US avg: 1.9%
Arts, entertainment, food1.9%
US avg: 2.4%
Construction1.4%
US avg: 1.4%
Education & health services1.4%
US avg: 0.9%
Manufacturing0.5%
US avg: 0.5%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$117,600
+21%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $76,700 in 2000
US average: $225,659
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$644
+14%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $447 in 2000
US average: $853
Owner-occupied
69.7%
−2.8 ptssince 2000
from 72.5% in 2000
30.3% rent
Vacancy rate
15.2%
+0.2 ptssince 2009
from 15.0% in 2009
US average: 12.1%
Persons per household
2.53 people
+2%since 2009
from 2.48 people in 2009
US average: 2.60
Owner cost-burdened
23.4%
+0.9 ptssince 2009
from 22.6% in 2009
US average: 30.9%
Renter cost-burdened
42.9%
+1.5 ptssince 2009
from 41.4% in 2009
US average: 46.8%
Afford Score
2.8
+3%since 2009
from 2.7 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic70.3%(3,125,819)
Black25.9%(1,150,076)
Hispanic / Latino1.7%(75,830)
Asian0.7%(30,989)
Other0%
2010
White, non-Hispanic67%(3,204,402)
Black26%(1,244,437)
Hispanic / Latino3.9%(185,602)
Asian1.1%(52,937)
Other1.8%(85,396)

No data for the years selected.

Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Mexican2.4%(111,664)
Central American0.4%(19,519)
Guatemalan0.3%(11,892)
Puerto Rican0.2%(11,011)
South American0.2%(7,209)
Cuban0.1%(4,017)
Colombian0.1%(2,719)
Honduran0.1%(2,669)
Spaniard0%(2,044)
Salvadoran0%(2,038)
Panamanian0%(1,582)
Peruvian0%(1,340)
+ 10 more hispanic origin groups with data
Argentine0%(771)
Dominican0%(729)
Nicaraguan0%(630)
Venezuelan0%(597)
Ecuadorian0%(538)
Bolivian0%(376)
Chilean0%(335)
Uruguayan0%(293)
Paraguayan0%(213)
Ancestry
American13.4%(629,152)
Irish10.4%(491,029)
English9.6%(451,848)
German7.7%(364,059)
Scotch-Irish2.4%(113,134)
Scottish2.1%(99,232)
French1.9%(90,000)
Italian1.8%(83,808)
Dutch1.2%(56,214)
Subsaharan African0.8%(35,380)
Polish0.7%(33,111)
Swedish0.4%(18,238)
+ 50 more ancestry groups with data
Welsh0.4%(18,106)
British0.4%(17,673)
Norwegian0.3%(15,596)
French Canadian0.2%(10,509)
Arab0.2%(10,291)
Greek0.2%(8,986)
Russian0.2%(8,648)
West Indian0.2%(7,859)
Czech0.1%(5,470)
Hungarian0.1%(4,869)
Danish0.1%(4,771)
Lebanese0.1%(4,477)
Swiss0.1%(4,476)
Austrian0.1%(4,068)
Portuguese0.1%(4,011)
Canadian0.1%(3,696)
Jamaican0.1%(3,378)
Ukrainian0.1%(2,410)
Finnish0%(2,304)
Iranian0%(1,940)
Slovak0%(1,596)
Lithuanian0%(1,560)
Nigerian0%(1,560)
Romanian0%(1,435)
Turkish0%(1,393)
Belgian0%(1,317)
Croatian0%(1,305)
Haitian0%(1,121)
Australian0%(984)
Jordanian0%(924)
Kenyan0%(921)
Brazilian0%(864)
Egyptian0%(757)
Moroccan0%(603)
Syrian0%(542)
Armenian0%(522)
Israeli0%(353)
Bulgarian0%(346)
Slovene0%(345)
Latvian0%(317)
Iraqi0%(278)
Serbian0%(277)
Ethiopian0%(217)
Guyanese0%(149)
Barbadian0%(105)
Macedonian0%(101)
Ghanaian0%(93)
Somali0%(11)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
21.7%
+2.7 ptssince 2000
from 19.0% in 2000
US average: 27.9%
High school or higher
81.4%
+6.1 ptssince 2000
from 75.3% in 2000
US average: 84.9%
Graduate degree
7.9%
+1.0 ptssince 2000
from 6.9% in 2000
US average: 10.2%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
23.9 min
+44%since 2000
from 16.6 min in 2000
US average: 25.2
Drive alone to work
83.6%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 83.5% in 2009
US average: 76.2%
Carpooled to work
11.1%
−0.1 ptssince 2009
from 11.2% in 2009
US average: 10.4%
Public transit
0.5%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 0.5% in 2009
US average: 4.7%
Worked from home
2.5%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 2.4% in 2009
US average: 4.1%
Walked to work
1.3%
−0.1 ptssince 2009
from 1.3% in 2009
US average: 2.8%
Biked to work
0.1%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 0.1% in 2009
US average: 0.5%
No vehicle available
6.5%
−0.2 ptssince 2009
from 6.6% in 2009
US average: 8.7%
Section 07

Work & employment

Self-employed
12.9%
+0.2 ptssince 2009
from 12.8% in 2009
US average: 12.9%
Management & professional
31.2%
+0.3 ptssince 2009
from 30.9% in 2009
US average: 35.2%
Section 08

People & community

Male
48.5%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 48.4% in 2009
Female
51.5%
−0.1 ptssince 2009
from 51.6% in 2009
Foreign born
3.4%
+0.4 ptssince 2009
from 2.9% in 2009
US average: 12.8%
Veterans
11.4%
−0.1 ptssince 2009
from 11.6% in 2009
US average: 9.9%
Marital status (2024)
Men 15+
Never married34.6%(689,765)
Married51.3%(1,022,896)
Widowed3.4%(67,113)
Divorced10.8%(214,984)
Women 15+
Never married29.4%(635,785)
Married47.3%(1,021,574)
Widowed10.2%(221,219)
Divorced13.1%(283,211)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Showing 2024 (the nearest year with coverage data).

Uninsured
9.2%
−4.7 ptssince 2013
from 13.9% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
53.4%
−0.7 ptssince 2020
from 54.1% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
14.1%
+0.2 ptssince 2020
from 13.9% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
20.5%
+0.2 ptssince 2020
from 20.3% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
20.0%
+0.4 ptssince 2020
from 19.6% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
2.8%
Unchangedsince 2020
from 2.8% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
66.8%
−0.7 ptssince 2020
from 67.5% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
37.8%
+0.8 ptssince 2020
from 37.0% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)29.1%(88,242)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)29.1%(88,356)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era31.3%(94,844)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War3.3%(9,960)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II0.6%(1,902)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 303,253 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Largest cities

See all cities in Alabama →
1.Huntsville233,627
2.Mobile200,824
3.Birmingham195,893
4.Montgomery195,300
5.Tuscaloosa114,316
6.Hoover93,550
7.Auburn85,113
8.Dothan72,060
9.Madison67,968
10.Decatur58,056
11.Florence42,581
12.Prattville40,582
13.Phenix City38,344
15.Opelika35,765
16.Alabaster34,748
17.Athens34,209
18.Gadsden33,367
19.Northport31,648
20.Daphne31,396
21.Enterprise31,211
22.Foley30,354
23.Homewood28,118
24.Trussville27,273
25.Fairhope26,625
26.Pelham25,664
27.Bessemer24,984
28.Albertville23,710
29.Helena23,388
30.Oxford22,199
32.Anniston20,930
33.Cullman20,799
34.Calera18,992
35.Prichard18,825
36.Troy18,022
37.Chelsea17,716
39.Muscle Shoals17,666
40.Millbrook17,623
41.Gulf Shores17,394
42.Saraland16,652
43.Gardendale16,425
44.Hartselle16,312
45.Hueytown16,159
Section 03

Metropolitan & micropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas (12)
1.Birmingham1,197,766
2.Huntsville556,444
3.Mobile411,658
4.Montgomery388,747
5.Tuscaloosa281,850
6.Daphne267,761
7.Auburn208,013
8.Decatur160,326
9.Florence156,609
10.Dothan156,266
11.Oxford115,834
12.Gadsden103,886
Micropolitan areas (12)
1.Albertville103,537
2.Cullman94,009
3.Talladega91,764
4.Fort Payne74,085
5.Enterprise56,953
6.Scottsboro54,281
7.Ozark49,912
9.Selma35,140
10.Troy33,688
11.Russellville32,449
12.Eufaula26,861

Metropolitan areas are built around an urban core of 50,000 or more people; micropolitan areas around a core of 10,000 to 50,000. A statistical area can cross state lines, so each is listed under its primary state.

Frequently asked

How many people live in Alabama?

Alabama has about 4,779,736 residents according to the 2010 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Alabama?

The typical household in Alabama earns about $42,081 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Alabama expensive?

In Alabama, the median home is worth about $117,600, and the typical rent is about $644 a month.

How educated are people in Alabama?

About 21.7% of adults age 25 and over in Alabama hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Alabama?

About 17.1% of people in Alabama live below the federal poverty line.

Has Alabama grown since 1990?

Yes, Alabama has grown since 1990. The population has added about 739,149 residents, a change of about 18 percent over that period.

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All 67 counties
Jefferson CountyMadison CountyMobile CountyBaldwin CountyTuscaloosa CountyShelby CountyMontgomery CountyLee CountyMorgan CountyLimestone CountyCalhoun CountyHouston CountyEtowah CountyMarshall CountySt. Clair CountyLauderdale CountyCullman CountyElmore CountyTalladega CountyDeKalb CountyWalker CountyAutauga CountyBlount CountyColbert CountyRussell CountyCoffee CountyJackson CountyDale CountyChilton CountyTallapoosa CountyCovington CountyEscambia CountyDallas CountyChambers CountyLawrence CountyPike CountyFranklin CountyMarion CountyGeneva CountyCherokee CountyBarbour CountyWinston CountyRandolph CountyBibb CountyClarke CountyMonroe CountyHenry CountyMarengo CountyPickens CountyMacon CountyButler CountyCleburne CountyFayette CountyHale CountyWashington CountyClay CountyLamar CountyCrenshaw CountyChoctaw CountySumter CountyConecuh CountyCoosa CountyBullock CountyWilcox CountyLowndes CountyPerry CountyGreene County

DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →

Alabama (2010): demographics, income & housing data · CensusEasy