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STATE · ADMITTED 1819 · 2000 CENSUS

Alabama

4,447,100 residents · 67 counties · 594 cities · 50,645 sq mi · 1,437 census tracts
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The short version

With 4,447,100 people, Alabama is a state. The typical home is worth $76,700. 72% of homes are owner-occupied. About 19% of adults have finished a four-year degree. Renters pay $447 a month at the median. Median household income is $34,135, under the $42,589 national median.

AL
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
4,447,100
+10%since 1990
from 4,040,587 in 1990
1990 – 2024
Median age
35.8
+8%since 1990
from 33.1 in 1990
US average: 35.2
Land area
50,645 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
3.9M4.2M4.6M4.9M5.2M19902000201020202024Alabama
20245.1M
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2000
Under 56.7%(295,992)
US avg: 6.8%
5 to 97.1%(315,345)
US avg: 7.3%
10 to 147.2%(320,252)
US avg: 7.3%
15 to 197.3%(324,580)
US avg: 7.2%
20 to 246.9%(306,865)
US avg: 6.7%
25 to 3413.6%(603,015)
US avg: 14.2%
35 to 4415.4%(685,512)
US avg: 16%
45 to 5413.5%(600,209)
US avg: 13.4%
55 to 649.3%(415,532)
US avg: 8.6%
65 to 747.1%(316,748)
US avg: 6.5%
75 to 844.4%(195,749)
US avg: 4.4%
85 and over1.5%(67,301)
US avg: 1.5%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$34,135
+10%inflation adjusted, since 1990
from $23,597 in 1990
US average: $42,589
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$18,189
+58%since 1990
from $11,486 in 1990
US average: $21,522
Poverty rate
16.1%
−2.2 ptssince 1990
from 18.3% in 1990
US average: 12.4%
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$76,700
+9%inflation adjusted, since 1990
from $53,200 in 1990
US average: $120,530
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$447
+4%inflation adjusted, since 1990
from $325 in 1990
US average: $602
Owner-occupied
72.5%
+2.0 ptssince 1990
from 70.5% in 1990
27.5% rent
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

1990
White, non-Hispanic73.6%(2,975,247)
Black25.2%(1,019,743)
Hispanic / Latino0.6%(23,579)
Asian0.5%(21,754)
2000
White, non-Hispanic70.3%(3,125,819)
Black25.9%(1,150,076)
Hispanic / Latino1.7%(75,830)
Asian0.7%(30,989)

No data for the years selected.

Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Detailed origin tables are available for 2024; showing 2024 data.

Hispanic origin
Mexican3.2%(164,039)
Central American0.9%(43,294)
Guatemalan0.5%(27,048)
Puerto Rican0.5%(25,521)
South American0.3%(15,779)
Cuban0.2%(10,163)
Honduran0.1%(6,059)
Salvadoran0.1%(5,645)
Colombian0.1%(5,383)
Spaniard0.1%(5,223)
Dominican0.1%(3,739)
Venezuelan0.1%(3,460)
+ 10 more hispanic origin groups with data
Panamanian0.1%(2,556)
Peruvian0%(2,515)
Chilean0%(1,510)
Ecuadorian0%(1,475)
Argentine0%(868)
Nicaraguan0%(772)
Bolivian0%(199)
Paraguayan0%(150)
Uruguayan0%(120)
Asian origin
Asian Indian0.3%(15,620)
Chinese0.3%(14,208)
Korean0.3%(14,145)
Vietnamese0.2%(9,528)
Filipino0.1%(7,034)
Japanese0.1%(3,097)
Pakistani0%(2,199)
Laotian0%(1,114)
Thai0%(1,084)
Nepalese0%(881)
Taiwanese0%(664)
+ 10 more asian origin groups with data
Indonesian0%(513)
Cambodian0%(487)
Malaysian0%(385)
Kazakh0%(216)
Burmese0%(214)
Uzbek0%(36)
Hmong0%(21)
Mongolian0%(14)
Okinawan0%(14)
Pacific Islander origin
Native Hawaiian0.1%(4,513)
Samoan0%(867)
Chamorro0%(559)
Tongan0%(234)
Guamanian0%(143)
Fijian0%(119)
Ancestry
American12.9%(653,721)
English12.1%(616,859)
Irish8%(404,879)
German6.4%(325,649)
Scottish2%(100,177)
Italian1.7%(86,427)
French1.2%(60,888)
Scotch-Irish1.2%(60,240)
Subsaharan African0.8%(42,028)
Polish0.6%(28,012)
Dutch0.5%(24,147)
Welsh0.4%(20,153)
+ 51 more ancestry groups with data
British0.3%(16,950)
Swedish0.3%(15,975)
Norwegian0.3%(15,567)
Arab0.3%(14,101)
West Indian0.3%(13,130)
Greek0.2%(7,675)
French Canadian0.1%(7,319)
Russian0.1%(6,595)
Jamaican0.1%(6,204)
Nigerian0.1%(5,566)
Lebanese0.1%(5,496)
Hungarian0.1%(5,469)
Danish0.1%(4,888)
Czech0.1%(4,731)
Swiss0.1%(4,211)
Portuguese0.1%(4,201)
Ukrainian0.1%(3,703)
Austrian0.1%(3,359)
Finnish0.1%(3,160)
Canadian0%(2,529)
Brazilian0%(2,433)
Haitian0%(2,180)
Lithuanian0%(2,061)
Slovak0%(2,028)
Kenyan0%(1,813)
Croatian0%(1,735)
Iranian0%(1,732)
Romanian0%(1,722)
Palestinian0%(1,495)
Moroccan0%(1,488)
Turkish0%(1,487)
Belgian0%(1,375)
Egyptian0%(1,130)
Syrian0%(748)
Guyanese0%(657)
Ethiopian0%(630)
Bulgarian0%(621)
Latvian0%(513)
Serbian0%(456)
Australian0%(361)
Armenian0%(360)
Slovene0%(329)
Ghanaian0%(286)
Iraqi0%(223)
Jordanian0%(206)
Macedonian0%(204)
Barbadian0%(160)
Israeli0%(121)
Somali0%(38)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
19.0%
+3.4 ptssince 1990
from 15.7% in 1990
US average: 24.4%
High school or higher
75.3%
+8.4 ptssince 1990
from 66.9% in 1990
US average: 80.3%
Graduate degree
6.9%
+1.3 ptssince 1990
from 5.5% in 1990
US average: 8.8%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
16.6 min
−17%since 1990
from 19.9 min in 1990
US average: 17.6
Section 07

Work & employment

No data for the years selected.

Section 08

People & community

No data for the years selected.

Marital status
Men 15+
Never married26.7%(444,450)
Married60.7%(1,012,430)
Widowed2.8%(45,857)
Divorced9.8%(164,061)
Women 15+
Never married21.4%(394,735)
Married55%(1,016,819)
Widowed12.4%(228,690)
Divorced11.2%(207,157)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2000
Section 09

Health coverage

Showing 2024 (the nearest year with coverage data).

Uninsured
9.2%
−4.7 ptssince 2013
from 13.9% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
53.4%
−0.7 ptssince 2020
from 54.1% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
14.1%
+0.2 ptssince 2020
from 13.9% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
20.5%
+0.2 ptssince 2020
from 20.3% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
20.0%
+0.4 ptssince 2020
from 19.6% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
2.8%
Unchangedsince 2020
from 2.8% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
66.8%
−0.7 ptssince 2020
from 67.5% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
37.8%
+0.8 ptssince 2020
from 37.0% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)29.1%(88,242)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)29.1%(88,356)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era31.3%(94,844)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War3.3%(9,960)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II0.6%(1,902)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 303,253 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Largest cities

See all cities in Alabama →
1.Huntsville233,627
2.Mobile200,824
3.Birmingham195,893
4.Montgomery195,300
5.Tuscaloosa114,316
6.Hoover93,550
7.Auburn85,113
8.Dothan72,060
9.Madison67,968
10.Decatur58,056
11.Florence42,581
12.Prattville40,582
13.Phenix City38,344
15.Opelika35,765
16.Alabaster34,748
17.Athens34,209
18.Gadsden33,367
19.Northport31,648
20.Daphne31,396
21.Enterprise31,211
22.Foley30,354
23.Homewood28,118
24.Trussville27,273
25.Fairhope26,625
26.Pelham25,664
27.Bessemer24,984
28.Albertville23,710
29.Helena23,388
30.Oxford22,199
32.Anniston20,930
33.Cullman20,799
34.Calera18,992
35.Prichard18,825
36.Troy18,022
37.Chelsea17,716
39.Muscle Shoals17,666
40.Millbrook17,623
41.Gulf Shores17,394
42.Saraland16,652
43.Gardendale16,425
44.Hartselle16,312
45.Hueytown16,159
Section 03

Metropolitan & micropolitan areas

Metropolitan areas (12)
1.Birmingham1,197,766
2.Huntsville556,444
3.Mobile411,658
4.Montgomery388,747
5.Tuscaloosa281,850
6.Daphne267,761
7.Auburn208,013
8.Decatur160,326
9.Florence156,609
10.Dothan156,266
11.Oxford115,834
12.Gadsden103,886
Micropolitan areas (12)
1.Albertville103,537
2.Cullman94,009
3.Talladega91,764
4.Fort Payne74,085
5.Enterprise56,953
6.Scottsboro54,281
7.Ozark49,912
9.Selma35,140
10.Troy33,688
11.Russellville32,449
12.Eufaula26,861

Metropolitan areas are built around an urban core of 50,000 or more people; micropolitan areas around a core of 10,000 to 50,000. A statistical area can cross state lines, so each is listed under its primary state.

Frequently asked

How many people live in Alabama?

Alabama has about 4,447,100 residents according to the 2000 Census.

What is the median household income in Alabama?

The typical household in Alabama earns about $34,135 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Alabama expensive?

In Alabama, the median home is worth about $76,700, and the typical rent is about $447 a month.

How educated are people in Alabama?

About 19.0% of adults age 25 and over in Alabama hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Alabama?

About 16.1% of people in Alabama live below the federal poverty line.

Has Alabama grown since 1990?

Yes, Alabama has grown since 1990. The population has added about 406,513 residents, a change of about 10 percent over that period.

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All 67 counties
Jefferson CountyMadison CountyMobile CountyBaldwin CountyTuscaloosa CountyShelby CountyMontgomery CountyLee CountyMorgan CountyLimestone CountyCalhoun CountyHouston CountyEtowah CountyMarshall CountySt. Clair CountyLauderdale CountyCullman CountyElmore CountyTalladega CountyDeKalb CountyWalker CountyAutauga CountyBlount CountyColbert CountyRussell CountyCoffee CountyJackson CountyDale CountyChilton CountyTallapoosa CountyCovington CountyEscambia CountyDallas CountyChambers CountyLawrence CountyPike CountyFranklin CountyMarion CountyGeneva CountyCherokee CountyBarbour CountyWinston CountyRandolph CountyBibb CountyClarke CountyMonroe CountyHenry CountyMarengo CountyPickens CountyMacon CountyButler CountyCleburne CountyFayette CountyHale CountyWashington CountyClay CountyLamar CountyCrenshaw CountyChoctaw CountySumter CountyConecuh CountyCoosa CountyBullock CountyWilcox CountyLowndes CountyPerry CountyGreene County

DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →