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CITY · INCORPORATED 1837

Houston

Texas · 2,397,315 residents (2025 est.) · 641 sq mi
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Part of the Houston metro area
The short version

With 2,328,253 people, Houston is a city in Texas. 42% of homes are owner-occupied. The foreign-born share is 29%. The median age is 34.4, younger than the US median of 38.9. Density works out to 3,634 people per square mile. 19.9% of people here live below the federal poverty line.

At a glance
Lower income
below the US median
US median: $82,259
Younger
median age 34.4
US median: 38.9
Average education
37% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 97%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
2,328,253
+19%since 2000
from 1,953,631 in 2000
2,397,315 in 2025 (Census Bureau estimate)
1990 – 2025
Population density
3,634 / sq mi
+6%since 2009
from 3,421 / sq mi in 2009
US average: 281
Median age
34.4
+11%since 2000
from 30.9 in 2000
US average: 38.9
Land area
641 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
1.6M1.8M2.0M2.2M2.4M19902000201020202024Houston
20242.3M
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2024
Under 56.7%(156,181)
US avg: 5.6%
5 to 96.5%(151,547)
US avg: 6%
10 to 146.4%(147,877)
US avg: 6.4%
15 to 196.4%(149,552)
US avg: 6.6%
20 to 247.4%(172,199)
US avg: 6.5%
25 to 3417.7%(412,034)
US avg: 13.7%
35 to 4414.5%(338,243)
US avg: 13.2%
45 to 5411.8%(274,044)
US avg: 12.2%
55 to 6410.3%(239,825)
US avg: 12.7%
65 to 747.4%(172,770)
US avg: 10.2%
75 to 843.5%(82,173)
US avg: 5.1%
85 and over1.4%(31,808)
US avg: 1.9%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$64,813
−3%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $36,616 in 2000
US average: $82,259
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$42,430
+111%since 2000
from $20,101 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
43.5%
+16.6 ptssince 2009
from 26.9% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
Poverty rate
19.9%
+0.7 ptssince 2000
from 19.2% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.535
+3%since 2010
from 0.518 in 2010
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Wholesale trade10.6%
US avg: 6.9%
Information10.2%
US avg: 10.8%
Retail trade7.6%
US avg: 9.9%
Finance & insurance6.8%
US avg: 5.9%
Other services6.3%
US avg: 6.7%
Professional, scientific, technical5.8%
US avg: 5.1%
Public administration4.2%
US avg: 4.8%
Transportation & warehousing2.6%
US avg: 2.2%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing2.2%
US avg: 1.6%
Manufacturing1.9%
US avg: 0.4%
Arts, entertainment, food1.1%
US avg: 1.9%
Education & health services1%
US avg: 0.9%
Construction0.2%
US avg: 1.2%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$277,800
+97%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $77,500 in 2000
US average: $376,019
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$1,361
+30%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $575 in 2000
US average: $1,442
Owner-occupied
42.1%
−3.7 ptssince 2000
from 45.8% in 2000
57.9% rent
Vacancy rate
10.6%
−2.3 ptssince 2009
from 12.9% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
Persons per household
2.46 people
−8%since 2009
from 2.68 people in 2009
US average: 2.54
Owner cost-burdened
23.9%
−4.6 ptssince 2009
from 28.5% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
Renter cost-burdened
51.5%
+4.8 ptssince 2009
from 46.7% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
Afford Score
4.3
+48%since 2009
from 2.9 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Gentrification Score
68
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means faster recent growth in incomes, home values, and college degrees.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic30.8%(601,851)
Black25%(487,851)
Hispanic / Latino37.4%(730,865)
Asian5.3%(102,706)
Other0%
2024
White, non-Hispanic23.2%(540,342)
Black22.3%(519,857)
Hispanic / Latino44.2%(1,030,112)
Asian6.9%(160,136)
Other3.3%(77,806)
Diversity Score
87
+1%since 2009
from 86 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means a more even mix of racial and ethnic groups.
Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Mexican28.1%(654,491)
Central American9.7%(226,944)
Salvadoran4.2%(96,778)
Honduran3.2%(74,686)
South American2.4%(54,941)
Guatemalan1.9%(44,350)
Cuban1.1%(25,579)
Venezuelan1%(23,444)
Puerto Rican0.8%(17,573)
Colombian0.7%(17,057)
Spaniard0.3%(7,754)
Nicaraguan0.3%(7,418)
+ 10 more hispanic origin groups with data
Peruvian0.2%(4,547)
Dominican0.2%(4,525)
Ecuadorian0.2%(3,725)
Argentine0.1%(3,381)
Panamanian0.1%(1,715)
Costa Rican0%(1,051)
Chilean0%(1,047)
Bolivian0%(946)
Uruguayan0%(439)
Paraguayan0%(128)
Asian origin
Vietnamese1.7%(38,780)
Asian Indian1.6%(36,303)
Chinese1.5%(35,376)
Filipino0.5%(12,173)
Pakistani0.4%(9,427)
Korean0.3%(6,263)
Japanese0.2%(3,650)
Kazakh0.1%(3,100)
Taiwanese0.1%(2,502)
Bangladeshi0.1%(1,507)
Nepalese0.1%(1,394)
Thai0.1%(1,348)
+ 11 more asian origin groups with data
Burmese0%(1,150)
Indonesian0%(1,056)
Cambodian0%(1,015)
Sri Lankan0%(655)
Laotian0%(426)
Malaysian0%(275)
Uzbek0%(205)
Bhutanese0%(120)
Hmong0%(18)
Pacific Islander origin
Native Hawaiian0.1%(1,507)
Chamorro0%(879)
Samoan0%(394)
Fijian0%(85)
Chuukese0%(75)
Guamanian0%(19)
Tongan0%(3)
Ancestry
English5.1%(119,865)
German4.9%(114,791)
Irish3.6%(83,467)
American3%(68,723)
Subsaharan African2.6%(60,690)
Italian1.7%(39,294)
French1.3%(31,026)
Nigerian1.1%(24,709)
Arab0.9%(21,985)
Scottish0.9%(21,044)
Polish0.8%(19,479)
West Indian0.6%(14,716)
+ 51 more ancestry groups with data
Scotch-Irish0.5%(11,350)
Czech0.4%(10,377)
Dutch0.4%(8,720)
Swedish0.3%(8,121)
Iranian0.3%(7,816)
Russian0.3%(7,805)
British0.3%(7,334)
Norwegian0.3%(6,714)
Jamaican0.3%(6,097)
Welsh0.2%(5,412)
Lebanese0.2%(4,530)
Ethiopian0.2%(4,413)
Greek0.2%(4,067)
French Canadian0.2%(3,948)
Egyptian0.1%(3,364)
Ukrainian0.1%(3,116)
Danish0.1%(3,094)
Iraqi0.1%(2,974)
Portuguese0.1%(2,870)
Swiss0.1%(2,635)
Haitian0.1%(2,609)
Turkish0.1%(2,504)
Austrian0.1%(2,458)
Hungarian0.1%(2,369)
Palestinian0.1%(2,363)
Brazilian0.1%(2,361)
Canadian0.1%(2,119)
Ghanaian0.1%(1,562)
Jordanian0.1%(1,548)
Syrian0.1%(1,489)
Romanian0.1%(1,380)
Slovak0.1%(1,375)
Croatian0.1%(1,314)
Lithuanian0.1%(1,294)
Armenian0%(1,152)
Kenyan0%(1,110)
Moroccan0%(1,055)
Finnish0%(1,036)
Israeli0%(897)
Serbian0%(827)
Belgian0%(797)
Australian0%(646)
Macedonian0%(625)
Guyanese0%(531)
Slovene0%(517)
Bulgarian0%(306)
Latvian0%(283)
Barbadian0%(113)
Somali0%(68)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
36.6%
+9.7 ptssince 2000
from 27.0% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
80.4%
+10.0 ptssince 2000
from 70.4% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
Graduate degree
15.1%
+5.4 ptssince 2000
from 9.7% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
27.2 min
+47%since 2000
from 18.5 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
Drive alone to work
67.7%
−6.5 ptssince 2009
from 74.2% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
Carpooled to work
10.6%
−3.2 ptssince 2009
from 13.8% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
Public transit
3.2%
−1.6 ptssince 2009
from 4.8% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
Worked from home
13.0%
+9.9 ptssince 2009
from 3.1% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
Walked to work
2.0%
−0.1 ptssince 2009
from 2.1% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
Biked to work
0.5%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 0.4% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
No vehicle available
10.1%
+0.3 ptssince 2009
from 9.8% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07

Work & employment

Unemployment rate
6.9%
−1.5 ptssince 2011
from 8.4% in 2011
US average: 5.2%
Labor force participation
67.2%
−0.9 ptssince 2011
from 68.1% in 2011
US average: 63.5%
Women 20-64 in the labor force
72.7%
+3.0 ptssince 2020
from 69.7% in 2020
US average: 74.6%
Self-employed
10.0%
+0.2 ptssince 2009
from 9.8% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
Management & professional
40.0%
+8.0 ptssince 2009
from 32.0% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08

People & community

Male
49.4%
−1.0 ptssince 2009
from 50.4% in 2009
Female
50.6%
+1.0 ptssince 2009
from 49.6% in 2009
Foreign born
29.3%
+1.5 ptssince 2009
from 27.9% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
Veterans
3.5%
−2.7 ptssince 2009
from 6.2% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
With a disability
11.5%
+1.7 ptssince 2012
from 9.8% in 2012
US average: 13.3%
Uninsured
23.7%
−5.7 ptssince 2013
from 29.4% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Broadband at home
90.1%
+15.9 ptssince 2017
from 74.2% in 2017
US average: 91.0%
Computer in household
95.8%
+4.3 ptssince 2020
from 91.5% in 2020
US average: 95.5%
Same house as last year
82.9%
+0.9 ptssince 2020
from 82.0% in 2020
US average: 87.7%
English only at home
52.9%
+0.9 ptssince 2016
from 52.0% in 2016
US average: 77.7%
Spanish at home
37.2%
−1.2 ptssince 2016
from 38.4% in 2016
US average: 13.6%
Marital status
Men 15+
Never married45.2%(418,163)
Married44.5%(411,792)
Widowed2.1%(19,044)
Divorced8.2%(75,703)
Women 15+
Never married41%(388,217)
Married41.1%(389,238)
Widowed6.7%(63,459)
Divorced11.3%(107,032)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Uninsured
23.7%
−5.7 ptssince 2013
from 29.4% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
42.7%
−1.1 ptssince 2020
from 43.8% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
11.3%
+1.1 ptssince 2020
from 10.2% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
12.7%
+1.1 ptssince 2020
from 11.6% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
20.4%
−0.4 ptssince 2020
from 20.8% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
1.2%
Unchangedsince 2020
from 1.2% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
52.3%
−0.1 ptssince 2020
from 52.4% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
30.7%
+0.3 ptssince 2020
from 30.4% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)28.8%(17,979)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)21.7%(13,549)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era29%(18,132)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War4.9%(3,044)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II1.2%(768)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 62,437 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Explore

Neighborhoods in Houston

Acres HomeAddicks Park TenAfton Oaks - River Oaks AreaAliefAstrodome AreaBinzBraeburnBraeswood PlaceBriarforest AreaCentral SouthwestClear LakeClinton Park Tri-CommunityDenver Harbor - Port HoustonDowntownEast HoustonEast Little York - HomesteadEastex - Jensen AreaEdgebrook AreaEldridge - West OaksFairbanks - Northwest CrossingFort Bend - HoustonFourth WardGolfcrest - Bellfort - ReveilleGreater EastwoodGreater Fifth WardGreater Fondren SouthwestGreater GreenspointGreater HeightsGreater Hobby AreaGreater InwoodGreater Third WardGreater UptownGreenway - Upper Kirby AreaGulfgate Riverview - Pine ValleyGulftonIah - Airport AreaIndependence HeightsKashmere GardensKingwoodLake HoustonLawndale - WaysideLazy Brook - TimbergroveMacgregorMagnolia ParkMeadowbrook - AllendaleMedical Center AreaMemorialMeyerland AreaMidtownMinnetexNeartown - MontroseNorthshoreNorthsideNorthside-NorthlineOak Forest - Garden OaksOst - South UnionPark PlacePecan ParkSecond WardSharpstownSouth Acres - Crestmont ParkSouth Belt - EllingtonSouth MainSouth ParkSpring Branch CentralSpring Branch EastSpring Branch NorthSpring Branch WestSunnysideTrinity - Houston GardensUniversity PlaceWashington Avenue Coalition - Memorial ParkWestburyWestchaseWestwoodWillow Meadows - Willowbend AreaWillowbrookWoodlake - BriarmeadowNeighborhoods in Houston
Drill deeper

Places similar to Houston

San Antonio
Pop 1,548,422
Philadelphia
Pop 1,574,281
Chicago
Pop 2,731,585
Dallas
Pop 1,329,491
Places similar to Houston
Head to head

Compare Houston to nearby cities

HOUSTON VS
West University Place
Income$250,001+286%
Home value$1,472,000+430%
Population15,158−99%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
HOUSTON VS
Bellaire
Income$244,015+276%
Home value$1,037,500+273%
Population17,434−99%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
HOUSTON VS
Aldine
Income$44,455−31%
Home value$103,200−63%
Population17,167−99%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
HOUSTON VS
Jacinto City
Income$47,318−27%
Home value$156,200−44%
Population9,388−100%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
Frequently asked

How many people live in Houston, Texas?

Houston, Texas has about 2,328,253 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Houston, Texas?

The typical household in Houston, Texas earns about $64,813 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Houston, Texas expensive?

In Houston, Texas, the median home is worth about $277,800, and the typical rent is about $1,361 a month.

How educated are people in Houston, Texas?

About 36.6% of adults age 25 and over in Houston, Texas hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Houston, Texas?

About 19.9% of people in Houston, Texas live below the federal poverty line.

Has Houston, Texas grown since 1990?

Yes, Houston, Texas has grown since 1990. The population has added about 697,581 residents, a change of about 43 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →