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CITY · INCORPORATED 1837 · 2010 ACS

Houston

Texas · 2,099,451 residents · 641 sq mi
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The short version

Houston is home to 2,099,451 people in Texas. 45% of homes are owner-occupied. The foreign-born share is 28%. The median age is 32.1, younger than the US median of 37.2. Home values have risen by half since 2000, reaching $123,800. 21.0% of people here live below the federal poverty line.

At a glance
Lower income
below the US median
US median: $52,703
Younger
median age 32.1
US median: 37.2
Average education
28% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 28%
Less affordable
home values up 26%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $225,659
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
2,099,451
+7%since 2000
from 1,953,631 in 2000
1990 – 2025
Median age
32.1
+4%since 2000
from 30.9 in 2000
US average: 37.2
Land area
641 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
1.6M1.8M2.0M2.2M2.4M19902000201020202024Houston
20242.3M
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2010
Under 58.1%(171,026)
US avg: 6.5%
5 to 97.2%(151,041)
US avg: 6.6%
10 to 146.5%(137,307)
US avg: 6.7%
15 to 196.8%(142,544)
US avg: 7.1%
20 to 248.1%(171,086)
US avg: 7%
25 to 3417.8%(373,985)
US avg: 13.3%
35 to 4413.9%(291,218)
US avg: 13.3%
45 to 5412.8%(268,661)
US avg: 14.6%
55 to 649.7%(202,641)
US avg: 11.8%
65 to 745.1%(106,310)
US avg: 7%
75 to 842.9%(60,257)
US avg: 4.2%
85 and over1.1%(23,375)
US avg: 1.8%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$42,962
−7%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $36,616 in 2000
US average: $52,703
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$25,927
+29%since 2000
from $20,101 in 2000
US average: $27,286
Households earning $100K+
27.3%
+0.4 ptssince 2009
from 26.9% in 2009
US average: 33.3%
Poverty rate
21.0%
+1.8 ptssince 2000
from 19.2% in 2000
US average: 13.8%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.518
US average: 0.461
Workforce by industry, 2010
Wholesale trade11%
US avg: 7.2%
Information10.5%
US avg: 11.5%
Retail trade9.1%
US avg: 10.9%
Other services6.2%
US avg: 7%
Finance & insurance5.9%
US avg: 5.1%
Professional, scientific, technical5%
US avg: 4.2%
Public administration3.8%
US avg: 4.9%
Transportation & warehousing3.7%
US avg: 3.1%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing2.4%
US avg: 1.9%
Manufacturing2.2%
US avg: 0.5%
Arts, entertainment, food1.5%
US avg: 2.4%
Education & health services0.8%
US avg: 0.9%
Construction0.3%
US avg: 1.4%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$123,800
+26%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $77,500 in 2000
US average: $225,659
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$793
+9%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $575 in 2000
US average: $853
Owner-occupied
45.4%
−0.4 ptssince 2000
from 45.8% in 2000
54.6% rent
Vacancy rate
14.0%
+1.1 ptssince 2009
from 12.9% in 2009
US average: 12.1%
Persons per household
2.67 people
Unchangedsince 2009
from 2.68 people in 2009
US average: 2.60
Owner cost-burdened
28.6%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 28.5% in 2009
US average: 30.9%
Renter cost-burdened
46.7%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 46.7% in 2009
US average: 46.8%
Afford Score
2.9
−1%since 2009
from 2.9 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic30.8%(601,851)
Black25%(487,851)
Hispanic / Latino37.4%(730,865)
Asian5.3%(102,706)
Other0%
2010
White, non-Hispanic25.6%(537,901)
Black23.1%(485,956)
Hispanic / Latino43.8%(919,668)
Asian5.9%(124,859)
Other1.1%(22,785)

No data for the years selected.

Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Mexican32.3%(668,828)
Central American6.8%(141,372)
Salvadoran3.8%(78,021)
Honduran1.6%(32,159)
Guatemalan1.2%(24,480)
South American1.1%(23,723)
Colombian0.5%(10,802)
Puerto Rican0.4%(7,316)
Cuban0.3%(6,550)
Spaniard0.2%(4,121)
Nicaraguan0.2%(3,791)
Venezuelan0.2%(3,768)
+ 10 more hispanic origin groups with data
Peruvian0.2%(3,105)
Argentine0.1%(1,834)
Ecuadorian0.1%(1,711)
Dominican0.1%(1,702)
Panamanian0%(758)
Uruguayan0%(680)
Bolivian0%(675)
Chilean0%(565)
Paraguayan0%(116)
Ancestry
German5.9%(122,874)
English4.4%(92,025)
Irish4.1%(84,892)
American2.6%(54,678)
French1.7%(35,661)
Italian1.5%(31,641)
Scottish1.1%(21,995)
Scotch-Irish1%(21,460)
Polish0.9%(19,181)
Arab0.6%(13,079)
Czech0.6%(11,521)
+ 51 more ancestry groups with data
Dutch0.5%(10,740)
Russian0.5%(9,363)
West Indian0.4%(8,962)
Nigerian0.4%(8,789)
Swedish0.4%(7,900)
British0.4%(7,594)
Norwegian0.3%(6,888)
Welsh0.3%(5,944)
Greek0.2%(5,132)
Iranian0.2%(4,582)
French Canadian0.2%(4,357)
Lebanese0.2%(3,912)
Danish0.2%(3,200)
Jamaican0.1%(2,897)
Swiss0.1%(2,669)
Romanian0.1%(2,664)
Austrian0.1%(2,488)
Canadian0.1%(2,415)
Hungarian0.1%(2,396)
Ethiopian0.1%(2,393)
Turkish0.1%(2,090)
Ukrainian0.1%(1,858)
Portuguese0.1%(1,699)
Lithuanian0.1%(1,489)
Haitian0.1%(1,438)
Brazilian0.1%(1,370)
Israeli0.1%(1,071)
Syrian0%(988)
Finnish0%(936)
Belgian0%(877)
Armenian0%(834)
Somali0%(784)
Slovak0%(775)
Moroccan0%(765)
Egyptian0%(732)
Australian0%(690)
Jordanian0%(595)
Iraqi0%(532)
Croatian0%(518)
Guyanese0%(510)
Latvian0%(344)
Kenyan0%(331)
Serbian0%(309)
Ghanaian0%(271)
Slovene0%(233)
Bulgarian0%(168)
Barbadian0%(71)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
28.2%
+1.2 ptssince 2000
from 27.0% in 2000
US average: 27.9%
High school or higher
74.0%
+3.6 ptssince 2000
from 70.4% in 2000
US average: 84.9%
Graduate degree
10.6%
+0.9 ptssince 2000
from 9.7% in 2000
US average: 10.2%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
26.0 min
+40%since 2000
from 18.5 min in 2000
US average: 25.2
Drive alone to work
74.2%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 74.2% in 2009
US average: 76.2%
Carpooled to work
13.5%
−0.3 ptssince 2009
from 13.8% in 2009
US average: 10.4%
Public transit
4.8%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 4.8% in 2009
US average: 4.7%
Worked from home
3.1%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 3.1% in 2009
US average: 4.1%
Walked to work
2.2%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 2.1% in 2009
US average: 2.8%
Biked to work
0.4%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 0.4% in 2009
US average: 0.5%
No vehicle available
10.1%
+0.3 ptssince 2009
from 9.8% in 2009
US average: 8.7%
Section 07

Work & employment

Self-employed
9.9%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 9.8% in 2009
US average: 12.9%
Management & professional
31.8%
−0.2 ptssince 2009
from 32.0% in 2009
US average: 35.2%
Section 08

People & community

Male
50.1%
−0.4 ptssince 2009
from 50.4% in 2009
Female
49.9%
+0.4 ptssince 2009
from 49.6% in 2009
Foreign born
28.3%
+0.4 ptssince 2009
from 27.9% in 2009
US average: 12.8%
Veterans
5.9%
−0.3 ptssince 2009
from 6.2% in 2009
US average: 9.9%
Marital status (2024)
Men 15+
Never married45.2%(418,163)
Married44.5%(411,792)
Widowed2.1%(19,044)
Divorced8.2%(75,703)
Women 15+
Never married41%(388,217)
Married41.1%(389,238)
Widowed6.7%(63,459)
Divorced11.3%(107,032)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Showing 2024 (the nearest year with coverage data).

Uninsured
23.7%
−5.7 ptssince 2013
from 29.4% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
42.7%
−1.1 ptssince 2020
from 43.8% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
11.3%
+1.1 ptssince 2020
from 10.2% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
12.7%
+1.1 ptssince 2020
from 11.6% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
20.4%
−0.4 ptssince 2020
from 20.8% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
1.2%
Unchangedsince 2020
from 1.2% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
52.3%
−0.1 ptssince 2020
from 52.4% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
30.7%
+0.3 ptssince 2020
from 30.4% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)28.8%(17,979)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)21.7%(13,549)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era29%(18,132)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War4.9%(3,044)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II1.2%(768)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 62,437 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Explore

Neighborhoods in Houston

Acres HomeAddicks Park TenAfton Oaks - River Oaks AreaAliefAstrodome AreaBinzBraeburnBraeswood PlaceBriarforest AreaCentral SouthwestClear LakeClinton Park Tri-CommunityDenver Harbor - Port HoustonDowntownEast HoustonEast Little York - HomesteadEastex - Jensen AreaEdgebrook AreaEldridge - West OaksFairbanks - Northwest CrossingFort Bend - HoustonFourth WardGolfcrest - Bellfort - ReveilleGreater EastwoodGreater Fifth WardGreater Fondren SouthwestGreater GreenspointGreater HeightsGreater Hobby AreaGreater InwoodGreater Third WardGreater UptownGreenway - Upper Kirby AreaGulfgate Riverview - Pine ValleyGulftonIah - Airport AreaIndependence HeightsKashmere GardensKingwoodLake HoustonLawndale - WaysideLazy Brook - TimbergroveMacgregorMagnolia ParkMeadowbrook - AllendaleMedical Center AreaMemorialMeyerland AreaMidtownMinnetexNeartown - MontroseNorthshoreNorthsideNorthside-NorthlineOak Forest - Garden OaksOst - South UnionPark PlacePecan ParkSecond WardSharpstownSouth Acres - Crestmont ParkSouth Belt - EllingtonSouth MainSouth ParkSpring Branch CentralSpring Branch EastSpring Branch NorthSpring Branch WestSunnysideTrinity - Houston GardensUniversity PlaceWashington Avenue Coalition - Memorial ParkWestburyWestchaseWestwoodWillow Meadows - Willowbend AreaWillowbrookWoodlake - BriarmeadowNeighborhoods in Houston
Drill deeper

Places similar to Houston

San Antonio
Pop 1,548,422
Philadelphia
Pop 1,574,281
Chicago
Pop 2,731,585
Dallas
Pop 1,329,491
Places similar to Houston
Head to head

Compare Houston to nearby cities

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HOUSTON VS
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HOUSTON VS
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HOUSTON VS
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Home value$156,200+26%
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Frequently asked

How many people live in Houston, Texas?

Houston, Texas has about 2,099,451 residents according to the 2010 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Houston, Texas?

The typical household in Houston, Texas earns about $42,962 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Houston, Texas expensive?

In Houston, Texas, the median home is worth about $123,800, and the typical rent is about $793 a month.

How educated are people in Houston, Texas?

About 28.2% of adults age 25 and over in Houston, Texas hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Houston, Texas?

About 21.0% of people in Houston, Texas live below the federal poverty line.

Has Houston, Texas grown since 1990?

Yes, Houston, Texas has grown since 1990. The population has added about 468,779 residents, a change of about 29 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →