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CITY · 2010 ACS

Cleveland

Ohio · 396,815 residents · 77.7 sq mi
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The short version

Cleveland is home to 396,815 people in Ohio. Owners hold 44% of the housing stock. The poverty rate is 31.2%, above the 13.8% national rate. 13% of adults hold a bachelor's degree, below the 28% national rate. Households here earn about 42% less than in Ohio as a whole. Median home value sits at $86,700.

At a glance
Lower income
below the US median
US median: $52,703
Mid-age
median age 35.7
US median: 37.2
Less educated
13% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 28%
Stable housing
home values roughly flat, inflation adjusted
US median home: $225,659
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
396,815
−17%since 2000
from 478,403 in 2000
1990 – 2025
Median age
35.7
+8%since 2000
from 33.0 in 2000
US average: 37.2
Land area
77.7 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
352K394K436K478K520K19902000201020202024Cleveland
2024366K
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2010
Under 57.1%(28,095)
US avg: 6.5%
5 to 96.5%(25,911)
US avg: 6.6%
10 to 146.6%(26,292)
US avg: 6.7%
15 to 197.7%(30,637)
US avg: 7.1%
20 to 247.7%(30,407)
US avg: 7%
25 to 3413.6%(53,996)
US avg: 13.3%
35 to 4412.5%(49,555)
US avg: 13.3%
45 to 5415.1%(59,726)
US avg: 14.6%
55 to 6411.3%(44,700)
US avg: 11.8%
65 to 746.2%(24,547)
US avg: 7%
75 to 844.1%(16,264)
US avg: 4.2%
85 and over1.7%(6,685)
US avg: 1.8%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$27,349
−17%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $25,928 in 2000
US average: $52,703
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$16,302
+14%since 2000
from $14,291 in 2000
US average: $27,286
Households earning $100K+
11.6%
−0.1 ptssince 2009
from 11.6% in 2009
US average: 33.3%
Poverty rate
31.2%
+4.9 ptssince 2000
from 26.3% in 2000
US average: 13.8%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.471
US average: 0.461
Workforce by industry, 2010
Retail trade13.6%
US avg: 10.9%
Information9.9%
US avg: 11.5%
Other services6.3%
US avg: 7%
Finance & insurance5.5%
US avg: 5.1%
Professional, scientific, technical4.6%
US avg: 4.2%
Public administration4.2%
US avg: 4.9%
Wholesale trade4.1%
US avg: 7.2%
Transportation & warehousing2.6%
US avg: 3.1%
Arts, entertainment, food1.7%
US avg: 2.4%
Education & health services0.9%
US avg: 0.9%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing0.2%
US avg: 1.9%
Construction0.2%
US avg: 1.4%
Manufacturing0%
US avg: 0.5%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$86,700
−4%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $71,100 in 2000
US average: $225,659
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$628
+7%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $465 in 2000
US average: $853
Owner-occupied
44.1%
−4.4 ptssince 2000
from 48.5% in 2000
55.9% rent
Vacancy rate
21.3%
+2.1 ptssince 2009
from 19.2% in 2009
US average: 12.1%
Persons per household
2.33 people
+1%since 2009
from 2.30 people in 2009
US average: 2.60
Owner cost-burdened
37.7%
+0.3 ptssince 2009
from 37.5% in 2009
US average: 30.9%
Renter cost-burdened
51.4%
−0.7 ptssince 2009
from 52.0% in 2009
US average: 46.8%
Afford Score
3.2
Unchangedsince 2009
from 3.2 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic38.8%(185,641)
Black50.5%(241,512)
Hispanic / Latino7.3%(34,728)
Asian1.3%(6,284)
Other0%
2010
White, non-Hispanic33.4%(132,710)
Black52.5%(208,208)
Hispanic / Latino10%(39,534)
Asian1.8%(7,213)
Other1.8%(7,109)

No data for the years selected.

Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Puerto Rican6.6%(27,052)
Mexican1.1%(4,380)
Central American0.5%(1,862)
Dominican0.3%(1,126)
South American0.3%(1,104)
Guatemalan0.2%(756)
Salvadoran0.1%(503)
Colombian0.1%(417)
Spaniard0.1%(373)
Cuban0.1%(329)
Honduran0.1%(279)
Peruvian0.1%(267)
+ 7 more hispanic origin groups with data
Ecuadorian0.1%(236)
Panamanian0%(160)
Argentine0%(98)
Uruguayan0%(19)
Ancestry
German9.8%(40,188)
Irish9.1%(37,296)
Italian4.7%(19,033)
Polish4.5%(18,227)
English3.4%(13,765)
American2.4%(9,836)
Slovak1.7%(7,074)
Hungarian1.7%(6,822)
French1%(4,063)
Arab0.8%(3,346)
Slovene0.8%(3,214)
+ 50 more ancestry groups with data
Scottish0.8%(3,093)
Scotch-Irish0.7%(2,928)
Dutch0.7%(2,881)
Czech0.7%(2,829)
Russian0.6%(2,395)
Ukrainian0.5%(2,072)
West Indian0.4%(1,835)
Welsh0.4%(1,575)
Croatian0.4%(1,547)
Greek0.4%(1,435)
Romanian0.3%(1,296)
Jamaican0.3%(1,281)
Lithuanian0.3%(1,180)
Swedish0.3%(1,163)
Lebanese0.3%(1,147)
Austrian0.1%(589)
Palestinian0.1%(553)
Serbian0.1%(529)
British0.1%(474)
Norwegian0.1%(435)
Swiss0.1%(405)
Finnish0.1%(376)
Guyanese0.1%(370)
Nigerian0.1%(352)
Canadian0.1%(343)
Egyptian0.1%(326)
Portuguese0.1%(277)
Danish0.1%(230)
Syrian0%(155)
Jordanian0%(115)
Latvian0%(99)
Belgian0%(96)
Armenian0%(91)
Iraqi0%(85)
Brazilian0%(80)
Ghanaian0%(79)
Moroccan0%(75)
Bulgarian0%(54)
Turkish0%(53)
Somali0%(41)
Haitian0%(31)
Iranian0%(26)
Ethiopian0%(21)
Israeli0%(10)
Kenyan0%(10)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
13.1%
+1.6 ptssince 2000
from 11.4% in 2000
US average: 27.9%
High school or higher
75.7%
+6.7 ptssince 2000
from 69.0% in 2000
US average: 84.9%
Graduate degree
4.9%
+1.1 ptssince 2000
from 3.8% in 2000
US average: 10.2%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
24.0 min
+50%since 2000
from 16.0 min in 2000
US average: 25.2
Drive alone to work
69.5%
−0.2 ptssince 2009
from 69.7% in 2009
US average: 76.2%
Carpooled to work
10.0%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 10.0% in 2009
US average: 10.4%
Public transit
12.0%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 12.0% in 2009
US average: 4.7%
Worked from home
2.8%
+0.3 ptssince 2009
from 2.5% in 2009
US average: 4.1%
Walked to work
4.5%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 4.5% in 2009
US average: 2.8%
Biked to work
0.5%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 0.5% in 2009
US average: 0.5%
No vehicle available
23.7%
+0.5 ptssince 2009
from 23.2% in 2009
US average: 8.7%
Section 07

Work & employment

Self-employed
16.4%
+0.4 ptssince 2009
from 16.1% in 2009
US average: 12.9%
Management & professional
23.6%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 23.4% in 2009
US average: 35.2%
Section 08

People & community

Male
47.4%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 47.4% in 2009
Female
52.6%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 52.6% in 2009
Foreign born
4.6%
−0.2 ptssince 2009
from 4.9% in 2009
US average: 12.8%
Veterans
9.5%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 9.5% in 2009
US average: 9.9%
Marital status (2024)
Men 15+
Never married57%(82,976)
Married27.4%(39,863)
Widowed2.9%(4,243)
Divorced12.7%(18,426)
Women 15+
Never married51.6%(81,176)
Married25.2%(39,576)
Widowed9%(14,134)
Divorced14.2%(22,334)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Showing 2024 (the nearest year with coverage data).

Uninsured
8.1%
−8.8 ptssince 2013
from 16.9% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
37.0%
−1.2 ptssince 2020
from 38.2% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
8.6%
+0.6 ptssince 2020
from 8.0% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
18.7%
+1.0 ptssince 2020
from 17.7% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
44.3%
−0.4 ptssince 2020
from 44.7% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
2.1%
Unchangedsince 2020
from 2.1% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
44.0%
−0.5 ptssince 2020
from 44.5% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
56.7%
−0.3 ptssince 2020
from 57.0% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)15.9%(2,350)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)14.1%(2,078)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era32.2%(4,747)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War5.3%(782)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II1.1%(163)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 14,742 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Explore

Neighborhoods in Cleveland

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Places similar to Cleveland

Detroit
Pop 649,095
Newark
Pop 323,808
Buffalo
Pop 274,613
Cincinnati
Pop 314,367
Places similar to Cleveland
Head to head

Compare Cleveland to nearby cities

CLEVELAND VS
Brooklyn
Income$69,346+154%
Home value$163,100+88%
Population11,072−97%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
CLEVELAND VS
Garfield Heights
Income$54,593+100%
Home value$109,900+27%
Population28,790−92%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
CLEVELAND VS
Lakewood
Income$68,954+152%
Home value$262,200+202%
Population49,027−87%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
CLEVELAND VS
East Cleveland
Income$22,116−19%
Home value$68,800−21%
Population13,229−96%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
Frequently asked

How many people live in Cleveland, Ohio?

Cleveland, Ohio has about 396,815 residents according to the 2010 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Cleveland, Ohio?

The typical household in Cleveland, Ohio earns about $27,349 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Cleveland, Ohio expensive?

In Cleveland, Ohio, the median home is worth about $86,700, and the typical rent is about $628 a month.

How educated are people in Cleveland, Ohio?

About 13.1% of adults age 25 and over in Cleveland, Ohio hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Cleveland, Ohio?

About 31.2% of people in Cleveland, Ohio live below the federal poverty line.

Has Cleveland, Ohio grown since 1990?

Yes, Cleveland, Ohio has shrunk since 1990. The population has lost about 108,801 residents, a change of about -22 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →