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CITY

Columbia

Tennessee · 50,072 residents (2025 est.) · 35.701 sq mi
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The short version

Columbia has lower-than-average household income, with a median household income of $63,719. Population has grown 37% since 2000. Median home value has more than tripled since 2000, reaching $308,700.

At a glance
Lower income
below the US median
US median: $82,259
Younger
median age 35.5
US median: 38.9
Less educated
25% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 96%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
45,441
+37%since 2000
from 33,055 in 2000
1990 – 2025
Population density
1,273 / sq mi
+37%since 2000
from 926 / sq mi in 2000
US average: 281
Median age
35.5
−1%since 2000
from 35.7 in 2000
US average: 38.9

PEP 2025 EST:50,072 residents (Census Bureau Vintage 2025, released March 2026)

Population, 1990 – 2024
27K32K37K42K47K1990201020202024Columbia
202445K
1990201020202024
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$63,719
−3%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $35,879 in 2000
US average: $82,259
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$32,500
+81%since 2000
from $18,004 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
43.8%
+26.0 ptssince 2009
from 17.9% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
Poverty rate
14.2%
+0.3 ptssince 2000
from 13.9% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.427
−4%since 2010
from 0.443 in 2010
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Retail trade14.9%
US avg: 9.9%
Information11.7%
US avg: 10.8%
Other services6.7%
US avg: 6.7%
Wholesale trade6.3%
US avg: 6.9%
Finance & insurance5%
US avg: 5.9%
Public administration4.9%
US avg: 4.8%
Professional, scientific, technical4.4%
US avg: 5.1%
Arts, entertainment, food2.5%
US avg: 1.9%
Transportation & warehousing1.6%
US avg: 2.2%
Education & health services0.6%
US avg: 0.9%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing0.1%
US avg: 1.6%
Construction0.1%
US avg: 1.2%
Manufacturing0%
US avg: 0.4%
BARS: THIS PLACE · TICKS: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$308,700
+96%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $86,400 in 2000
US average: $376,019
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$1,197
+27%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $516 in 2000
US average: $1,442
Owner-occupied
63.3%
−0.2 ptssince 2000
from 63.5% in 2000
36.7% rent
Vacancy rate
9.4%
−0.1 ptssince 2009
from 9.5% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
Owner cost-burdened
24.5%
+1.0 ptssince 2009
from 23.5% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
Renter cost-burdened
46.9%
+0.5 ptssince 2009
from 46.5% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
Afford Score
4.8
+101%since 2000
from 2.4 in 2000
1990 – 2024
Gentrification Score
76
RELATED:See current rent listings in Columbia on RentDataNow
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic72.8%(24,049)
Black20.9%(6,920)
Hispanic / Latino4.7%(1,554)
Asian0.4%(137)
Other0%
Diversity Score51.3%(16,966)
2024
White, non-Hispanic67.1%(30,492)
Black16.5%(7,518)
Hispanic / Latino11.1%(5,040)
Asian1.1%(500)
Other4.2%(1,891)
Diversity Score63.5%(28,866)
Diversity Score
64
+24%since 2000
from 51 in 2000
1990 – 2024
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
25.4%
+10.3 ptssince 2000
from 15.1% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
91.4%
+15.5 ptssince 2000
from 75.9% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
Graduate degree
7.7%
+2.3 ptssince 2000
from 5.4% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
28.0 min
+65%since 2000
from 17.0 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
Drive alone to work
76.1%
−5.0 ptssince 2009
from 81.1% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
Carpooled to work
8.2%
−6.2 ptssince 2009
from 14.4% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
Public transit
0.1%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 0.1% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
Worked from home
12.8%
+10.4 ptssince 2009
from 2.4% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
Walked to work
2.2%
+1.5 ptssince 2009
from 0.7% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
Biked to work
0.0%
−0.1 ptssince 2009
from 0.1% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
No vehicle available
3.0%
−3.6 ptssince 2009
from 6.6% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07

Work & employment

Unemployment rate
2.6%
−5.5 ptssince 2011
from 8.1% in 2011
US average: 5.2%
Labor force participation
64.1%
+1.0 ptssince 2011
from 63.1% in 2011
US average: 63.5%
Self-employed
13.8%
+1.8 ptssince 2009
from 12.0% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
Management & professional
34.0%
−25.3 ptssince 2009
from 59.4% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08

People & community

Male
46.8%
−1.5 ptssince 2009
from 48.3% in 2009
Female
53.2%
+1.5 ptssince 2009
from 51.7% in 2009
Foreign born
4.5%
−0.4 ptssince 2009
from 4.8% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
Veterans
6.2%
−40.6 ptssince 2009
from 46.8% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
With a disability
11.0%
−6.4 ptssince 2012
from 17.4% in 2012
US average: 13.3%
Uninsured
9.7%
−72.0 ptssince 2013
from 81.7% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Broadband at home
91.1%
+18.0 ptssince 2017
from 73.1% in 2017
US average: 91.0%
English only at home
91.1%
−0.8 ptssince 2016
from 91.9% in 2016
US average: 77.7%
Spanish at home
7.2%
+0.7 ptssince 2016
from 6.5% in 2016
US average: 13.6%
Drill deeper

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Head to head

Compare Columbia to nearby cities

COLUMBIA VS
Spring Hill
Income$112,013+76%
Home value$493,800+60%
Population61,336+22%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
COLUMBIA VS
Thompson's Station
Income$132,647+108%
Home value$700,500+127%
Population9,469−81%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
COLUMBIA VS
Lewisburg
Income$48,341−24%
Home value$225,700−27%
Population13,517−73%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
COLUMBIA VS
Franklin
Income$119,528+88%
Home value$705,400+129%
Population90,226+80%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
Frequently asked

How many people live in Columbia, Tennessee?

Columbia, Tennessee has about 45,441 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Columbia, Tennessee?

The typical household in Columbia, Tennessee earns about $63,719 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Columbia, Tennessee expensive?

In Columbia, Tennessee, the median home is worth about $308,700, and the typical rent is about $1,197 a month.

How educated are people in Columbia, Tennessee?

About 25.4% of adults age 25 and over in Columbia, Tennessee hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Columbia, Tennessee?

About 14.2% of people in Columbia, Tennessee live below the federal poverty line.

Has Columbia, Tennessee grown since 1990?

Yes, Columbia, Tennessee has grown since 1990. The population has added about 16,858 residents, a change of about 59 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →