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COUNTY

Union County

Pennsylvania · 42,313 residents (2025 est.) · 316 sq mi
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The short version

With 42,456 people, Union County is a county in Pennsylvania. Few US counties rank higher on income. The foreign-born share is 4%. 27% of adults hold a bachelor's degree or higher. Getting to work takes 18 minutes on average. 79% were living in the same home a year earlier.

At a glance
Lower income
below the US median
US median: $82,259
Older
median age 41.0
US median: 38.9
Less educated
27% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 36%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Section 01

Population & growth

Total population
42,456
+2%since 2000
from 41,624 in 2000
42,313 in 2025 (Census Bureau estimate)
1990 – 2025
Population density
134 / sq mi
−2%since 2009
from 137 / sq mi in 2009
US average: 281
Median age
41.0
+15%since 2000
from 35.8 in 2000
US average: 38.9
Land area
316 sq mi
Population, 1990 – 2024
35K38K41K43K46K19902000201020202024Union County
202442K
1990201020202024
Age distribution, 2024
Under 54.3%(1,836)
US avg: 5.6%
5 to 94.4%(1,848)
US avg: 6%
10 to 145.4%(2,310)
US avg: 6.4%
15 to 199.2%(3,921)
US avg: 6.6%
20 to 248%(3,391)
US avg: 6.5%
25 to 3411.7%(4,950)
US avg: 13.7%
35 to 4412.6%(5,365)
US avg: 13.2%
45 to 5412.2%(5,175)
US avg: 12.2%
55 to 6412.3%(5,221)
US avg: 12.7%
65 to 7410.6%(4,495)
US avg: 10.2%
75 to 846.2%(2,641)
US avg: 5.1%
85 and over3.1%(1,303)
US avg: 1.9%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02

Income & economy

Median household income
$76,404
+4%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $40,336 in 2000
US average: $82,259
1990 – 2024
Per capita income
$37,605
+110%since 2000
from $17,918 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
51.0%
+26.7 ptssince 2009
from 24.4% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
Poverty rate
9.0%
+0.2 ptssince 2000
from 8.8% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
Income inequality (Gini)
0.474
+6%since 2010
from 0.446 in 2010
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Information10.5%
US avg: 10.8%
Retail trade10.5%
US avg: 9.9%
Wholesale trade5.2%
US avg: 6.9%
Finance & insurance3.9%
US avg: 5.9%
Professional, scientific, technical3.4%
US avg: 5.1%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing2.8%
US avg: 1.6%
Construction2.3%
US avg: 1.2%
Other services2.2%
US avg: 6.7%
Public administration2%
US avg: 4.8%
Transportation & warehousing1.8%
US avg: 2.2%
Manufacturing0.5%
US avg: 0.4%
Arts, entertainment, food0.5%
US avg: 1.9%
Education & health services0.5%
US avg: 0.9%
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 03

Housing

Median home value
$240,100
+36%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $97,200 in 2000
US average: $376,019
1990 – 2024
Median gross rent
$974
+13%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $473 in 2000
US average: $1,442
Owner-occupied
72.3%
−1.0 ptssince 2000
from 73.3% in 2000
27.7% rent
Vacancy rate
10.2%
−1.4 ptssince 2009
from 11.6% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
Persons per household
2.30 people
−11%since 2009
from 2.59 people in 2009
US average: 2.54
Owner cost-burdened
16.7%
−7.1 ptssince 2009
from 23.7% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
Renter cost-burdened
43.6%
+5.2 ptssince 2009
from 38.4% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
Afford Score
3.1
+1%since 2009
from 3.1 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Gentrification Score
55
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means faster recent growth in incomes, home values, and college degrees.
Section 04

Race & ethnicity

2000
White, non-Hispanic87.6%(36,455)
Black6.3%(2,640)
Hispanic / Latino3.9%(1,622)
Asian1%(427)
Other0%
2024
White, non-Hispanic86%(36,495)
Black5.7%(2,404)
Hispanic / Latino5.1%(2,147)
Asian1.8%(779)
Other1.5%(631)
Diversity Score
32
Unchangedsince 2009
from 32 in 2009
2009 – 2024
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means a more even mix of racial and ethnic groups.
Segregation Score
49
−4%since 2020
from 51 in 2020
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means White and non-White residents are more separated across neighborhoods.
Section 04 · Origins

Detailed origins & ancestry

Hispanic origin
Mexican0.9%(387)
Puerto Rican0.8%(358)
Guatemalan0.4%(180)
Dominican0.2%(66)
Colombian0.1%(40)
Cuban0%(21)
+ 1 more hispanic origin group with data
Asian origin
Asian Indian0.7%(310)
Chinese0.4%(160)
Korean0.3%(120)
Bangladeshi0.1%(56)
Sri Lankan0.1%(45)
Vietnamese0.1%(38)
Japanese0.1%(32)
Filipino0%(15)
Thai0%(7)
Pacific Islander origin
Samoan0%(7)
Ancestry
German29.9%(12,675)
English8.7%(3,700)
Irish6.9%(2,945)
Italian5%(2,127)
American4.9%(2,070)
Swiss2.2%(927)
Polish2.1%(895)
Scottish1.1%(457)
Dutch1%(427)
Welsh0.9%(362)
Russian0.8%(353)
French0.8%(350)
+ 31 more ancestry groups with data
Scotch-Irish0.8%(320)
Ukrainian0.5%(221)
Swedish0.5%(194)
Slovak0.4%(151)
British0.3%(112)
Norwegian0.3%(110)
Hungarian0.2%(100)
West Indian0.2%(77)
Israeli0.2%(76)
Arab0.2%(75)
Portuguese0.1%(61)
Lithuanian0.1%(54)
Austrian0.1%(50)
Czech0.1%(47)
Greek0.1%(39)
Turkish0.1%(26)
Jamaican0.1%(22)
Nigerian0%(17)
Lebanese0%(16)
Canadian0%(14)
Latvian0%(14)
Ghanaian0%(12)
Croatian0%(11)
Romanian0%(11)
Belgian0%(10)
Danish0%(10)
Syrian0%(7)
Section 05

Education

Bachelor's degree or higher
26.5%
+8.5 ptssince 2000
from 18.0% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
86.2%
+13.1 ptssince 2000
from 73.1% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
Graduate degree
12.0%
+4.2 ptssince 2000
from 7.8% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06

Commute & transportation

Average commute
17.9 min
+33%since 2000
from 13.4 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
Drive alone to work
69.6%
−5.7 ptssince 2009
from 75.3% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
Carpooled to work
7.0%
−1.3 ptssince 2009
from 8.3% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
Public transit
0.2%
+0.1 ptssince 2009
from 0.1% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
Worked from home
9.0%
+2.6 ptssince 2009
from 6.4% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
Walked to work
11.4%
+3.5 ptssince 2009
from 7.9% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
Biked to work
1.8%
+0.9 ptssince 2009
from 0.9% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
No vehicle available
9.7%
+1.7 ptssince 2009
from 8.0% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07

Work & employment

Unemployment rate
2.2%
−4.5 ptssince 2011
from 6.7% in 2011
US average: 5.2%
Labor force participation
49.5%
−0.9 ptssince 2011
from 50.4% in 2011
US average: 63.5%
Women 20-64 in the labor force
70.5%
+1.8 ptssince 2020
from 68.7% in 2020
US average: 74.6%
Self-employed
17.9%
+5.6 ptssince 2009
from 12.3% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
Management & professional
43.4%
+10.8 ptssince 2009
from 32.6% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08

People & community

Male
53.9%
−1.1 ptssince 2009
from 54.9% in 2009
Female
46.1%
+1.1 ptssince 2009
from 45.1% in 2009
Foreign born
3.9%
Unchangedsince 2009
from 3.8% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
Veterans
6.4%
−3.7 ptssince 2009
from 10.1% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
With a disability
12.5%
+0.3 ptssince 2012
from 12.2% in 2012
US average: 13.3%
Uninsured
10.4%
−1.5 ptssince 2013
from 11.9% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Broadband at home
80.3%
+9.7 ptssince 2017
from 70.6% in 2017
US average: 91.0%
Computer in household
88.6%
+5.0 ptssince 2020
from 83.6% in 2020
US average: 95.5%
Same house as last year
79.3%
−1.0 ptssince 2020
from 80.3% in 2020
US average: 87.7%
English only at home
89.0%
−1.4 ptssince 2016
from 90.4% in 2016
US average: 77.7%
Spanish at home
3.6%
−0.5 ptssince 2016
from 4.1% in 2016
US average: 13.6%
Marital status
Men 15+
Never married41.8%(8,210)
Married47.9%(9,425)
Widowed1.8%(350)
Divorced8.5%(1,671)
Women 15+
Never married28.1%(4,724)
Married50.9%(8,549)
Widowed10.9%(1,829)
Divorced10.1%(1,704)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09

Health coverage

Uninsured
10.4%
−1.5 ptssince 2013
from 11.9% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
Employer-based
56.7%
−2.8 ptssince 2020
from 59.5% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
14.9%
−2.1 ptssince 2020
from 17.0% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
Medicare
22.1%
+0.2 ptssince 2020
from 21.9% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
Medicaid
14.0%
−0.3 ptssince 2020
from 14.3% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
1.2%
−0.4 ptssince 2020
from 1.6% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
70.3%
−3.5 ptssince 2020
from 73.8% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
33.0%
+0.2 ptssince 2020
from 32.8% in 2020
US average: 36.7%

Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.

Section 09 · Service history

Veterans

Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later)17.9%(405)
US avg: 26.4%
Gulf War (1990s)24.8%(561)
US avg: 24.3%
Vietnam era31%(701)
US avg: 33.1%
Korean War6.5%(146)
US avg: 4.5%
World War II0.2%(4)
US avg: 1%

Share of the 2,262 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.

BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Drill deeper

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Head to head

Compare Union County to nearby counties

UNION COUNTY VS
Snyder County
Income$66,876−12%
Home value$215,300−10%
Population39,655−6%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
UNION COUNTY VS
Northumberland County
Income$60,583−21%
Home value$162,400−32%
Population89,920+113%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
UNION COUNTY VS
Montour County
Income$76,976+1%
Home value$248,100+3%
Population17,868−58%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
UNION COUNTY VS
Lycoming County
Income$63,917−16%
Home value$202,200−16%
Population112,587+166%
SEE FULL COMPARISON →
Frequently asked

How many people live in Union County, Pennsylvania?

Union County, Pennsylvania has about 42,456 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.

What is the median household income in Union County, Pennsylvania?

The typical household in Union County, Pennsylvania earns about $76,404 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.

Is Union County, Pennsylvania expensive?

In Union County, Pennsylvania, the median home is worth about $240,100, and the typical rent is about $974 a month.

How educated are people in Union County, Pennsylvania?

About 26.5% of adults age 25 and over in Union County, Pennsylvania hold a bachelor's degree or higher.

What is the poverty rate in Union County, Pennsylvania?

About 9.0% of people in Union County, Pennsylvania live below the federal poverty line.

Has Union County, Pennsylvania grown since 1990?

Yes, Union County, Pennsylvania has grown since 1990. The population has added about 6,280 residents, a change of about 17 percent over that period.

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DATA: US CENSUS BUREAU ACS 5-YEAR + DECENNIAL CENSUS · UPDATED 2024

How we source and harmonize this data →