United States › South Dakota › Vermillion CITY
Vermillion South Dakota · 11,720 residents (2025 est.) · 4.66 sq mi
Time machine
COMPARE TO 1990 Census 2000 Census 2009 ACS 2010 ACS 2011 ACS 2012 ACS 2013 ACS 2014 ACS 2015 ACS 2016 ACS 2017 ACS 2018 ACS 2019 ACS 2020 ACS 2021 ACS 2022 ACS 2023 ACS
The short version
Vermillion is a city of 11,878 people in South Dakota. This skews young, with a median age of 23.1. 42% of homes are owner-occupied. 66% were living in the same home a year earlier. This is an unusually credentialed place: 51% of adults have a four-year degree. The poverty rate is 24.4%, above the 12.5% national rate.
At a glance
Lower income
below the US median
US median: $82,259
Younger
median age 23.1
US median: 38.9
More educated
51% hold a bachelor's degree
US average: 36%
Less affordable
home values up 64%, inflation adjusted
US median home: $376,019
Section 01
Population & growth from 9,765 in 2000
11,720 in 2025 (Census Bureau estimate)
2,548 / sq mi
+15%since 2009
from 2,213 / sq mi in 2009
US average: 281
from 23.9 in 2000
US average: 38.9
Population, 1990 – 2024
10K 10K 11K 11K 12K 1990 2000 2010 2020 2024 Vermillion Age distribution, 2024
BAR + DOT: THIS PLACE · TICK: US AVERAGE
Section 02
Income & economy $50,456
+15%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $24,095 in 2000
US average: $82,259
from $13,909 in 2000
US average: $44,673
Households earning $100K+
from 13.5% in 2009
US average: 53.3%
from 26.2% in 2000
US average: 12.5%
from 0.509 in 2010
US average: 0.476
Workforce by industry, 2024
Agriculture, forestry, fishing 4.8%
Arts, entertainment, food 2.5%
Transportation & warehousing 1.7%
Professional, scientific, technical 1.5%
Public administration 1.4%
Education & health services 0%
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$219,000
+64%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $73,300 in 2000
US average: $376,019
$764
−4%inflation adjusted, since 2000
from $436 in 2000
US average: $1,442
from 46.2% in 2000
58.0% rent
from 5.5% in 2009
US average: 10.0%
2.21 people
+21%since 2009
from 1.82 people in 2009
US average: 2.54
from 24.9% in 2009
US average: 22.9%
from 57.0% in 2009
US average: 47.4%
from 4.8 in 2009
Years of local income it takes to buy a local home, on a scale of about 0 to 15. Lower is more affordable.
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means faster recent growth in incomes, home values, and college degrees.
Section 04
Race & ethnicity 2000
White, non-Hispanic 90.4%(8,828)
Hispanic / Latino 1.1%(104)
2024
White, non-Hispanic 81.9%(9,725)
Hispanic / Latino 3.6%(426)
from 21 in 2009
Our index, 0 to 100. Higher means a more even mix of racial and ethnic groups.
Section 04 · Origins
Detailed origins & ancestry Ancestry
+ 20 more ancestry groups with data from 45.4% in 2000
US average: 35.6%
High school or higher
from 90.7% in 2000
US average: 89.6%
from 21.2% in 2000
US average: 14.0%
Section 06
Commute & transportation from 13.6 min in 2000
US average: 26.5
from 61.6% in 2009
US average: 68.9%
from 13.3% in 2009
US average: 8.5%
from 0.0% in 2009
US average: 3.2%
from 2.4% in 2009
US average: 15.0%
from 18.3% in 2009
US average: 2.4%
from 3.6% in 2009
US average: 0.4%
from 3.9% in 2009
US average: 8.3%
Section 07
Work & employment from 7.9% in 2011
US average: 5.2%
from 65.2% in 2011
US average: 63.5%
Women 20-64 in the labor force
from 74.0% in 2020
US average: 74.6%
from 24.0% in 2009
US average: 13.1%
from 40.1% in 2009
US average: 42.5%
Section 08
People & community from 3.2% in 2009
US average: 14.1%
from 6.0% in 2009
US average: 6.2%
from 8.0% in 2012
US average: 13.3%
from 11.0% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
from 86.8% in 2017
US average: 91.0%
Computer in household
from 95.3% in 2020
US average: 95.5%
from 57.3% in 2020
US average: 87.7%
from 92.7% in 2016
US average: 77.7%
from 0.9% in 2016
US average: 13.6%
Marital status
Men 15+
Never married 64.2%(3,349)
Women 15+
Never married 62.4%(3,221)
SHARE WITHIN EACH SEX · POPULATION 15 AND OVER · 2024
Section 09
Health coverage from 11.0% in 2013
US average: 8.4%
from 64.5% in 2020
US average: 54.8%
Direct-purchase
from 18.8% in 2020
US average: 13.8%
from 11.3% in 2020
US average: 18.4%
from 12.7% in 2020
US average: 20.9%
VA health care
from 2.9% in 2020
US average: 2.2%
Any private
from 81.6% in 2020
US average: 67.1%
Any public
from 22.0% in 2020
US average: 36.7%
Shares are "alone or in combination": a person with both Medicare and Medicaid counts in each, so categories overlap and do not sum to 100%.
Section 09 · Service history
Veterans Veterans by period of service, 2024
Gulf War (2001 or later) 36.2%(166)
Gulf War (1990s) 24.2%(111)
Share of the 458 veterans here. A veteran who served across eras counts in each, so shares can total more than 100%. Peacetime-only service is included in the total but not shown as an era.
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Drill deeper
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Frequently asked
How many people live in Vermillion, South Dakota? Vermillion, South Dakota has about 11,878 residents according to the 2024 American Community Survey.
What is the median household income in Vermillion, South Dakota? The typical household in Vermillion, South Dakota earns about $50,456 a year. Half of households make more than that, and half make less.
Is Vermillion, South Dakota expensive? In Vermillion, South Dakota, the median home is worth about $219,000, and the typical rent is about $764 a month.
How educated are people in Vermillion, South Dakota? About 50.6% of adults age 25 and over in Vermillion, South Dakota hold a bachelor's degree or higher.
What is the poverty rate in Vermillion, South Dakota? About 24.4% of people in Vermillion, South Dakota live below the federal poverty line.
Has Vermillion, South Dakota grown since 1990? Yes, Vermillion, South Dakota has grown since 1990. The population has added about 1,844 residents, a change of about 18 percent over that period.
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